arrHitInfo=new Array("&c,111,1,112,3,113,2","&lt,17,1","¡â¨,111,1","¡ºø,111,5","°¾ç°ïæà,111,5","0.8,98,4","0.9,98,6","0.98,98,1","00,2,1,98,1","000,87,2,88,1,96,4,97,4,98,12,99,1","000369,113,4","000369­5,113,1","000858,112,4","002,98,1,107,1","007,98,2","01,2,2,8,1,11,1,98,1,112,1,113,1","01.jpg,67,8","01_01.jpg,68,8","01_02.jpg,69,8","01_03.jpg,70,8","01_04.jpg,71,8","01_05.jpg,72,8","01_06.jpg,73,8","01_07.jpg,74,8","01_08.jpg,75,8","01_09.jpg,76,8","01_10.jpg,77,8","01_11.jpg,78,8","0115363501,3,1","0115754603,3,1","012,98,1","0153382,115,1","01-53382,115,1","0155743,116,1","01-55743,116,1","017,98,2","02,2,2,12,1,98,1","02.jpg,22,8,79,8","028,98,1","03,2,2,13,1,98,1","03.jpg,23,8,80,8","033.jpg,24,8","034,98,1","04,2,1,14,1,88,2,98,3","04.jpg,25,8,81,8","041,98,1","042,98,1","043,98,1","044,98,1","047,98,1","05,2,1,15,1,98,1","05.jpg,26,8,82,8","05-24513,105,1,103,1","0533901e.doc,101,4","06,2,1,16,1,17,1,88,2,98,1,111,2,113,1","06.12.2006,111,4","06.jpg,27,8,83,8","063,98,2","06th,112,1","07,2,1,111,1","07.doc,88,4","07.jpg,28,8,84,8","070,98,1","071-599211,3,1","074,98,1","08,96,1,97,1","08.jpg,29,8,85,8","09,88,2,96,1,97,1","09.jpg,30,8,86,8","096,98,1","1.0,98,3","1.1,98,6","1.18,98,1","1.2,98,7","1.3,98,4","1.4,98,11","1.5,98,2","1.6,98,2","1.614,98,1","1.7,98,3","1.8,98,4","1.9,98,3","1.short,109,1","10,1,1,7,1,90,2,10,1,96,2,97,2,98,6,99,1,100,1,104,15,107,4,101,2,102,6,103,1,106,6,108,3,111,1,110,6,112,3,113,4,6,1","10.1,98,1","10.18,98,2","10.2,98,1","10.30,2,2,11,1,15,1","10.6,98,1","10.75,113,1","10.8,98,1","10.jpg,31,8","100,96,1,97,1,98,3,112,1,113,1","10000,98,1","101,98,1,112,1,113,1","103,105,1,103,1","103.3,98,1","104,98,1","106,98,3","107.1,98,1","107.4,98,1","1073,98,1","108,102,1","109,98,1","1094,98,1","10th,90,1","11,1,1,2,1,5,1,7,2,90,3,13,1,14,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,88,3,89,1,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,5,99,4,100,1,104,9,105,1,107,1,101,2,102,2,103,3,108,1,111,1,112,3,113,3,115,2,116,1","11.00,2,1,12,1,16,1","11.1,98,1","11.3,98,1","11.5,98,1","11.6,98,1","11.8,98,1","11.jpg,32,8","110,98,1","111,98,1,103,1","113,98,1","113.8,98,1","114,111,1","115,98,1,111,1","116,95,1,98,2,104,2,111,1","117,111,1","118,98,2","118158,98,1","1189,116,1","11bis,106,1,110,1","11th,90,10,98,1,99,1,103,1","12,90,1,9,1,93,2,96,15,97,15,98,6,99,2,100,1,104,16,107,3,101,3,102,3,103,1,108,1,111,1,112,3,113,3,115,2,116,1","12.1,104,1","12.30,2,2,12,1,16,1","12.4,98,1","12.6,98,1","12.7,98,1","12.9,98,1","12.jpg,33,8","120.0,98,1","121,111,1","121.0,98,1","122,111,1","125,98,1","125.4,98,1","126,98,1","1269,21,1,114,11,115,1,116,2","127.2,98,1","128,98,1,111,1","129,98,1,111,1","13,90,1,9,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,11,100,1,104,12,107,1,101,2,102,2,103,2,108,1,111,1,112,4,113,2,116,1","13.0,98,1","13.4,98,1","13.jpg,34,8","131,98,2","1311,98,1","133,98,1","134,98,1","135,88,1","136,106,1,110,1","1368,21,1,115,10,116,3","1373,12,1,14,2,21,1,93,3,107,3,108,2,111,2,116,9","1373.pdf,116,4","138,98,1","138.2,98,1","139,98,2","13th,90,4","14,90,1,87,1,98,5,99,1,100,1,104,13,105,3,101,5,102,3,103,1,106,2,108,2,109,1,111,2,110,2,112,2,113,2","14.1,104,1","14.3,98,1","14.4,98,1","14.6,98,1","14.7,98,1","14.jpg,35,8","140,98,2","141,98,1","143,98,1","14358,98,1","1441,98,1","1456,93,1","1462,98,1","1474,111,2","148,107,1","1489,98,1","14th,90,3","15,90,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,13,100,1,104,11,105,1,107,3,101,3,102,4,103,1,108,2,111,3,112,4,113,2","15.1,98,1","15.2,98,1","15.6,98,1","15.7,98,1","15.9,98,1","15.jpg,36,8","152.1,98,1","152.3,98,1","153.3,98,1","1535,98,1","154p,113,1","156,98,1","158.0,98,1","15th,90,2,98,1,112,1,113,1","16,7,2,90,1,93,1,98,3,100,1,104,6,101,2,102,2,106,1,108,2,109,1,111,1,110,1,112,2,113,2,6,1","160,99,1","162,89,1,98,3","162.7,98,1","164,107,2","165,98,1,102,1","167.8,98,1","169,98,1","16th,7,1,90,2,98,1","17,90,1,88,1,98,6,100,1,104,8,105,1,107,1,101,3,102,5,103,4,108,2,111,2,112,2,113,2","17.7,98,1","170,7,1,18,1","170.0,98,1","171,98,1,106,2,110,2","171.4,98,1","171.7,98,1","172.0,98,1","173,98,2","174,98,1","175,98,1","175.9,98,1","1753,98,1","176.0,98,1","177.0,98,1","179,98,1","17th,90,1,106,1,109,1,110,1","18,2,1,90,1,87,2,96,2,97,2,98,2,100,3,104,8,101,1,102,2,108,1,111,1,112,3","18.0,98,3","18.1,98,1","180,98,1,102,1,103,1,112,1,113,1","181,98,1","182,98,3,105,1,112,1","182.7,98,1","18-20,7,1,6,1","183,112,1","184,98,1","184.9,98,1","1840,99,1","185,104,1,107,1","185.0,98,1","187,105,1","187.0,98,1","187.3,98,1","188,109,1","1888,98,1","189,98,3","18th,90,22,8,1,87,9,91,1,93,7,95,4,96,12,97,12,99,8,105,1","18th-20th,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,7,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,6,1","19,2,1,90,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,11,1,98,13,100,1,104,14,107,2,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,106,2,108,1,111,2,110,2,112,2,114,2,115,1,116,1,6,1","19.00,112,1","19.4,98,1","19.5,98,1","191,98,1","1915-1920,99,1","192,98,1","1920,99,1","1929,98,1","193.0,98,1","1939,18,1,89,1","194,98,1","1949,100,2","195,98,1","1959,18,1,89,1","1960,99,1","1961-1982,98,1","1962,89,1,109,2","1963,90,2,91,1,93,1","1966,112,1","1968,18,1,99,1,105,1","1968-2007,98,2","1969,105,1","1970,90,1,102,1,105,1,108,1,109,1,113,1,116,1","1971,90,1,99,1,104,40,102,1,105,3,108,1,109,1,113,1","1972,104,44,105,1","1973,90,1,104,30,102,1,105,2,108,1,109,2,113,1","1974,104,14,109,1","1975,99,1,104,7","1975-1982,98,1","1976,104,7","1977,90,1,87,3,100,1,104,8,112,5,113,5","1978,104,18","1978-1983,18,1","1979,90,1,100,2,104,9,102,1,108,1,111,1,112,1,113,1","198,98,1","1980,90,1,100,1,104,5,101,1,102,1,108,1,113,1","1980s,98,2,106,1,110,1","1981,98,1,104,3,105,1","1982,98,5,104,6","1982-2001,98,1","1982-2006,98,5","1983,87,3,98,7,104,6","1983-2004,98,1","1983-2006,98,1","1984,98,2,104,6","1985,91,1,98,8,104,5,106,2,109,1,110,2","1985-2002,98,2","1986,90,2,98,2,104,5,106,1,109,1,110,1","1987,12,1,21,1,91,1,93,1,98,4,104,7,108,6,109,2","1987-1990,98,1","1987-89,98,1","1988,90,1,87,1,98,5,104,1,102,3,103,1,105,1,106,6,108,3,110,6,112,4,113,3","1988-2001,98,1","1988-2006,98,2","1989,7,1,18,1,87,1,89,1,98,4,104,4,103,2,105,1","1990,90,2,18,1,89,1,91,1,98,6,104,5,103,2","1990s,98,1","1991,90,1,98,5,104,6,103,4","1991-2005,98,1","1992,90,1,18,1,89,1,98,3,104,5,107,2,103,1,105,1,106,1,110,1","1993,90,2,18,1,21,1,98,7,104,5,109,8,112,1","1994,90,2,98,7,104,10,107,5,101,2,102,1,114,1","1995,90,3,89,1,98,7,99,1,104,7,101,1,102,1,105,1","1995-2004,98,1","1995after,98,1","1996,90,3,89,2,91,1,98,6,104,4,107,5,101,1,102,3,103,1","1997,90,1,18,1,89,1,91,1,98,8,104,4,107,6,102,2,103,1,105,1,108,1,113,1","1998,90,5,18,2,89,1,98,8,104,3,107,2,102,1,103,2,116,2","1999,90,5,14,1,21,1,89,2,93,1,98,11,104,11,102,1,108,1,114,13,115,2,116,4","1999.he,89,1","19992,98,1","19th,8,2,87,1,89,1","1a,111,1","1-international,90,1","1march,106,1,110,1","1-on,90,1","1st,90,1,18,1,89,3","­2­,101,1","2.0,98,2","2.00,2,2,13,1","2.1,98,8","2.3,98,5","2.4,98,3","2.5,98,3","2.6,98,8","2.7,98,4","2.8,98,9","2.9,98,8","2.definitions,109,1","20,2,1,90,1,9,1,10,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,87,3,92,1,96,1,97,1,98,13,100,1,104,12,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,108,1,111,1,112,2,6,2","200,93,1,98,3","2000,90,2,18,1,88,3,89,2,91,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,9,104,2,107,2,102,2,103,1,105,1,113,1","20000,98,1","2000-2004,98,1","2001,90,13,21,2,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,9,99,4,104,5,107,5,102,1,103,4,105,2,106,1,108,2,111,4,110,1,115,14,116,12","2001-2002,105,1","20012003,96,1,97,1","2002,90,6,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,20,99,1,104,1,107,2,103,3,105,1,106,1,108,2,110,1,112,1,113,1","2002­04,98,1","2002-2003,99,1","2002-2004,98,2","2002-2005,9,1,99,1","2002-2006,94,1","2003,90,3,18,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,12,104,3,106,1,110,1","2003­04,98,2","2004,90,1,12,1,18,1,21,1,91,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,98,15,99,1,104,1,103,1,105,1,106,1,110,1","2004-05,94,1","2005,90,3,21,1,91,1,93,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,98,11,99,1,104,3,101,3,106,10,111,1,110,10,112,1,113,19","2005-06,98,1","2005-2007,95,1,103,1","2005a,98,1","2006,7,1,90,1,18,2,21,2,87,2,88,4,91,2,95,1,96,6,97,6,98,5,99,3,104,2,107,5,101,1,106,3,111,5,110,3,112,33","2006.12.06,111,5","2007,1,2,2,5,3,2,4,2,5,5,7,6,90,23,12,3,13,3,14,3,8,4,9,4,10,4,11,3,15,3,16,3,17,3,18,3,19,2,20,2,21,2,87,10,88,4,91,1,93,7,95,4,96,19,97,19,98,2,99,12,106,3,110,3,6,7","201,98,2","201.0,98,1","201.9,98,1","2010.jpg,37,8","202,98,1,99,1","203.7,98,1","204,98,1","207,98,1","2073,98,1","2074,98,1","20th,90,22,9,1,87,9,93,7,95,4,96,12,97,12,99,8","21,90,1,98,4,104,14,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,108,1,112,2","21.2,98,1","21.3,98,2","21.6,98,1","210,107,1,101,2,102,3","211,98,1","213,98,1","214,98,1","215,98,1","218,98,1,112,1","21879,98,1","22,90,23,10,1,87,2,96,2,97,2,98,2,104,7,107,1,101,1,102,1,106,1,108,1,110,1,112,2,6,1","22.7,98,1","22.9,98,1","222,98,1","224.3,98,1","224.4,98,1","226,98,1","227,98,1","227.0,98,1","22nd,90,1,108,1","22th,10,1","23,9,1,10,1,87,1,98,1,104,48,107,2,101,1,102,2,105,1,106,1,108,3,109,1,110,1,112,2,6,1","230,98,1","232,98,2","232.7,98,1","233,98,2,101,3","233.8,98,1","2342,98,1","23422,98,1","235,101,4","235.9,98,1","235881,106,1,110,1","237,98,1","238,101,2","23rd,90,1","24,98,3,104,10,101,2,102,3,108,2,112,2,113,1","24.1,104,1","24.3,98,1","24.4,98,1","242,98,3","247.2,98,1","25,21,1,98,2,104,9,101,1,102,1,103,1,106,1,111,1,110,1,112,2,113,16","25.7,98,1","250,98,1","253,98,1","256,98,1","257,98,2","26,96,3,97,3,98,3,104,12,101,1,102,1,105,1,112,4","260.6,98,1","26060,105,2","262,109,1","2625,116,1","265,98,1","267,98,2","268,98,1","26th,109,1","27,88,4,98,2,104,15,101,1,102,1,103,3,112,3","272,98,1","272.4,98,1","27288,98,1","27438,98,1","2768,98,1","27th,103,1","28,87,1,96,1,97,1,98,3,104,12,107,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,108,1,111,2,112,1,116,3","28.2,98,1","281,98,2","282,98,1","283,98,1","284,98,1","285,98,1","287,98,1","29,87,1,98,1,104,10,106,1,110,1,112,1","29.2,98,1","29.4,98,1","2906,98,1","292,98,1","296,98,1","297,98,1","29th,103,1","2a,111,1","2-after,90,1","2nd,87,1","­3­,101,1","3­,98,1","3.0,98,1","3.1,93,1,98,7","3.2,98,3","3.3,98,2","3.30,2,2,13,1","3.4,98,3","3.5,98,7","3.6,98,5","3.7,98,5","3.8,98,2","3.9,98,4","30,1,1,87,2,96,1,97,1,104,7,102,1,112,4,116,1","30.5,98,2","300,98,1","300.1,98,1","30000,98,1","302,98,1","304,98,1","306,98,1","30th,89,1","31,98,1,100,1,104,6,107,1,101,1,102,1,112,1","31.5,98,1","317,98,2","318,98,1","32,98,1,112,1,113,1","32.4,98,1","32.6,98,2","320.3,98,1","321,98,1","323,98,2","326,98,1","327,98,1","329.6,98,1","33,98,3,112,1","33.6,98,1","33.8,98,1","330.3,98,1","331.4,98,1","3315,98,1","332,98,1","335,98,1","335.1,98,1","336,98,1","337,98,1","33817,98,1","34,98,2,109,1,112,1","3-4,107,1","340.5,98,1","341.9,98,1","343,98,1","343.7,98,1","344,98,1","346,98,1","347.7,98,1","35,99,1,112,1","351,98,1","3543,98,1","3559,98,1","3568,98,1","35th,103,1,105,1","36,98,2,109,1","36.0,98,1","36.2,98,1","36.3,98,1","362,98,1","363,98,1","363.3,98,1","3641,98,1","366,98,2","366.0,98,1","37,98,2","3-7,103,1","37.5,98,1","370,98,1","372,98,1","373,98,1","375,98,1","376,98,1","3764,98,1","378,98,1","379.5,98,1","38.0,98,2","38.1,98,1","38.3,98,1","38.8,98,1","380,98,1","381,98,2","384,98,1","39,98,1","39.3,98,1","392,98,1","393,98,3","394.9,98,1","395,98,1","3953,98,1","3a,111,1","3rd,90,1,87,4","3-the,90,1","­4­,101,1","4.00,2,2,14,1","4.1,98,2","4.2,98,2","4.3,98,1","4.4,98,5","4.5,98,4","4.6,98,2","4.8,98,3","4.9,98,1","40,1,1,18,1,87,1,92,2,96,1,97,1,98,3,99,3,106,1,111,4,110,1","40.3,98,2","400,98,2","40000,98,1","403,98,2","404,98,1","4053rd,114,1","407,98,3","41.4,98,1","411,98,1","411.4,98,1","414,98,1","414.4,98,1","415,98,1","418,98,1","42,98,1","42.0,98,1","420.9,98,1","421-2-1,90,1","423,112,1","425,98,1","427,98,1","429,98,1","43,98,2,105,2,113,1","43.0,98,1","43.1,98,1","430.0,98,1","430.3,98,1","431,98,1","43-1-26060-4177,103,1","43-1-26060-5968,103,1","432.4,98,1","433,98,1","433.0,98,1","4344,98,1","436,98,1","4370th,115,1","4385th,116,1","44,93,1,96,1,97,1,106,2,110,2","44.1,98,1","44.6,98,1","44.7,98,1","440,98,1","443,98,1","444,98,1","449.0,98,1","45,98,1,103,1","45.1,98,1","45.7,98,1","45.9,98,1","451,98,1","451.1,98,1","452,96,1,97,1","457,98,1","46,88,1,98,3,113,1","46.1,98,1","46.2,98,1","46.3,98,1","46.8,98,1","463,98,1","465,98,1","467,98,1","469,98,1","47,112,1","474,98,1","476,98,1","48,111,1","48.6,98,1","481.0,98,1","484.0,98,1","485,98,2","486,98,2","49,98,2,107,1,101,1,102,1,114,1","491,98,1","492,98,1","493.5,98,1","4a,111,1","4th,108,1,109,2","­5­,101,1","5.0,98,1","5.1,98,1","5.3,98,3","5.30,2,3","5.4,98,5","5.6,98,1","5.7,98,3","5.8,98,1","50,88,1,95,1,98,3,107,1,102,1,112,1,114,1","50.3,98,1","50.5,98,1","50.6,98,1","500,98,2,103,1,105,1","50000,98,1","505,98,1","507,98,1","51,107,1,101,2,102,3,103,1","511,98,1","511.6,98,1","5110,98,1","51128,98,1","5134,98,1","514,98,1,103,2,105,2","519,98,1","52,107,2,102,1","527,98,1","53,107,1,102,1,114,1","53.0,98,1","53.2,98,1","530,98,1","530.3,98,1","5383,98,1","54.6,98,1","544,98,1","545,98,1","55,98,1","550.5,98,1","55216,98,1","5542,98,1","55468,98,1","556.6,98,1","5584,98,1","559,98,1","559.9,98,1","560,98,1","5604,105,1","561,98,1","561.2,98,1","564,98,1","564.9,98,1","566,98,1","5671,98,1","570.2,98,1","577,98,1","578,98,2","579,98,1","58,107,1","58.2,98,1","581,98,1","582,98,1","587.4,98,1","587-3210,106,1,110,1","588,98,1","59,98,2","591,98,1","592,98,1","593,98,1","5968,105,1","5a,111,1","5h7,103,1,105,1","5th,87,1","­6­,101,1","6.0,98,1","6.00,14,1","6.1,98,3","6.2,98,1","6.3,98,3","6.4,98,2","6.5,98,1","6.6,98,1","6.8,98,2","6.883,91,1","6.9,98,1","60,98,1,99,1,107,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,114,1","60.7,98,1","600,98,1,99,1","600.2,98,1","60000,98,1","603,98,1","604.4,98,1","6077,103,1,105,1","609,98,2","61,98,1,106,1,110,1","61.9,98,1","612,98,1","613.3,98,1","618,98,3","618.2,98,1","62,98,1","620,98,2","622,98,1","626,98,2","626.8,98,1","627.8,98,1","62nd,91,1","63,98,1","63.0,98,1","63.6,98,3","631.3,98,1","635,103,1","64,98,2,111,2","64.9,98,1","640,91,1,98,1","642,98,1","643.5,98,1","649,98,1","65,9,1,98,1","650,113,1","653,98,1","657.4,98,1","66,98,1","660,98,1","662,98,1","664,98,2","666,98,1","668,98,1","669,98,2","67,98,1","67.9,98,1","675.4,98,1","676,98,1","679,98,1","679.1,98,1","68,93,1","680,98,1","688,98,1","69,98,1","691,98,1","695,98,1","6th,90,3,93,1,108,1,111,1,112,1","­7­,101,1","7.0,98,1","7.3,98,1","7.30,2,1","7.4,91,1","7.5.2007,87,1","7.50,112,1,113,1","70,9,1","70.1,98,1","70.8,98,1","700,98,2","70000,98,1","703,98,1","708,98,1","71,98,1","710,98,1","72,98,1","721,98,1","728,98,1","729,98,1","729.4,98,1","73,98,1","73.0,98,1","732,98,1","734,98,1","735-7611,106,1,110,1","738,98,1","739,98,1","755,98,1","759,98,1","761,98,2","762,98,1","77.2,98,1","772,7,1,18,1,98,1,105,1","773,98,1","78,112,1","7-8,109,1","785,98,1","788,98,1","794,98,2","798,98,1","7sr,106,1,110,1","7th,90,1,18,1,87,1,89,1","­8­,101,1","8.3,98,1","8.4,91,1,98,1","8.5,98,1","8.6,98,1","8.8,98,1","80,98,1,99,2,101,1","800,88,1,98,1,103,1","80000,98,1","804,98,1","806,98,1","81,98,1","812,98,1","8-12,103,1","814,98,1","816,98,1","817,98,1","819,98,1","82,106,1,110,1","821,98,2","8219,103,1,105,1","8-23,105,1","83,87,1","830,98,1","836,98,1","838,98,1","83c,112,1","84,98,1","840,105,1","841,98,1","843,98,1","85.1,98,1","853,98,1","85th,106,1,110,1","861,98,1","868,98,1","86th,106,1,110,1","87,98,2","871,98,1","872.4,98,1","8749,98,1","87th,106,1,110,1","88,98,1","8814,98,1","883,98,1","885,112,1,113,1","888,98,1","88th,106,1,110,1","89,98,1","89.3,98,1","895,98,1","89th,106,1,110,1","8bis,106,1,110,1","8th,113,2","­9­,101,1","9.00,2,2,11,1,15,1","9.3,98,1","9.7,98,1","90,98,3,99,1,103,1,106,1,110,1,116,1","901,98,1","91,98,2","912,98,1","918,98,1","9-19,103,1","92,98,1","920,98,1","925,98,1","93,98,1","93.1,98,1","937.0,98,1","94,3,3,98,3","9451,98,1","948,98,1","95,98,2","95.2,98,1","950,98,1","954,103,2,105,2","959,98,1","96,98,2","96.2,98,1","961,98,1","966,98,1","967,98,1","969,98,1","97,88,1,98,1","975,98,1","98,98,2","980,98,2","985,98,1","988,98,1","99,98,2","990,98,1","99-30392,114,1","999,103,1,105,1","9th,90,2","â ,2,2","â â â€œthe,2,1","â the,1,1","a.924,106,1,110,1","a.m,2,6,12,1,11,2,15,2,16,1","â»,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,1,11,1,18,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,21,1","â©,1,1,2,1,3,1","ã‰cole,18,1","â€�,10,4","‘07,8,1","‘combating,2,1","‘domestic,2,1","‘enemies’,17,1","‘international,2,1","‘regional,2,1","‘socio-economic,2,1","‘terrorism,1,1,2,2,4,1,5,1","‘terrorists’,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,5,6,1,8,1,7,1,10,1,11,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,9,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,21,1","‘the,10,1","‘wrap,2,1","–,1,2,5,2,13,1","–i,21,1","“an,10,1","“as,7,2","“combating,14,1","“domestic,13,1","“in,7,2","“international,11,2","“it,7,1,10,2","“not,10,1","“probably,7,1","“regional,12,2","“shangri-la,7,1","“so,7,1","“socio-economic,15,2","“sri,6,1,7,1","“terrorism,10,3,16,1","“terrorist,8,1,14,1","“terroristsâ€�,10,1","“the,4,1,7,1,10,3","“thirty,7,1","“transforming,7,1,10,1,17,1","“we,8,1","“when,10,1","“while,10,1","â¼å¼å,111,1","a-1400,103,1,105,1","a33-2,103,1","a35-11,105,1","a35-7,105,1","a35-9,105,1","a7,98,1","a8,98,1","a9,98,1","aa,102,1","ªæì,111,5","aalayam,96,1,97,1","abatement,1,1,5,1","abdelmalek,99,1","abet,111,1,112,1,113,1","abetment,112,1","abets,106,1,110,1,112,1,113,1","abetting,109,1,112,1,113,1","abidin,99,1","ability,1,1,5,1,90,1,9,1,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","abkhazs,99,1","able,90,5,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,99,6","aboard,106,3,110,3","about_icct.html,1,4","abouticct_03.gif,38,8","above-mentioned,104,1","abroad,90,3,13,1,87,1,89,2,98,1,107,1,101,1,102,1","absence,90,4,101,1,102,1,112,2","absolute,98,1","absolutely,9,1,99,1,113,1","abstain,100,2,107,1,101,1,102,2,106,2,108,1,109,1,111,1,110,2,113,3","abstained,107,1","abu,90,2,91,1,99,4","abundance,101,1","abuse,91,1","abused,116,1","academia,9,1,10,2,88,1,6,1","academic,90,1","academics,7,1,8,1","academy,18,3,89,2","accede,105,1","acceded,104,1,102,1","acceding,100,1,101,2,102,2","accelerating,93,1,116,1","accept,9,1,87,5,88,2,99,1","acceptable,87,6,93,1,107,1","acceptance,87,1,104,1,101,7,102,9,103,1,106,1,108,1,110,1,112,1","accepted,87,1,102,1","accepting,104,1,101,3,102,3","accepts,87,1","access,93,1,98,11","accessed,96,1,97,1","accessibility,98,1","accessible,101,1","accession,100,6,104,10,101,7,102,7,103,2,105,1,106,2,108,1,110,2","accommodate,17,1","accommodation,112,1","accompanied,101,1","accomplice,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,108,1,109,1","accomplices,108,1","accomplish,90,2","accord,87,1","accordance,100,10,104,3,101,13,102,16,103,1,105,1,106,1,108,7,109,1,110,1,112,4,114,4,115,2,116,4","accorded,100,1,101,1,102,1","according,87,1,90,1,95,1,98,5,106,2,109,1,110,2,116,1","accordingly,101,1,102,2,108,2,112,2","account,7,1,88,2,90,3,96,1,97,1,99,1,100,2,107,3,101,3,102,2,106,1,108,1,110,1,112,11,113,3","accountability,93,1","accountable,115,1","accountants,112,1","accounts,96,1,97,1,98,2,102,2,112,1","accurate,98,1,107,1,101,1,102,1","accused,90,1,112,5,113,2","achievable,91,1","achieve,1,1,5,1,87,1,90,2,93,1,96,1,97,1,99,1","achieved,7,1,9,1,90,1,95,1,98,2,107,1,105,1","achievement,88,1","achieving,10,1,95,1,96,1,97,1","achille,90,1,106,2,110,2","acial,101,1","acknowledged,90,1","acquiescing,107,1,109,1,116,1","acquired,90,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,108,1,112,3","acquiring,93,2","acquisition,108,2","acquitted,105,1","across,90,1,91,2,93,1,108,1","act,21,3,87,5,90,6,93,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,99,2,100,7,107,1,101,2,102,6,105,1,106,3,108,6,109,16,111,7,110,3,112,107,113,62,115,1,116,1","act2006_no.5.pdf,112,4","acted,111,1","acting,91,1,101,2,102,2,108,2,111,4,112,4,113,1,116,3","action,7,1,13,1,14,1,9,2,10,1,87,1,90,4,91,2,93,8,96,1,97,1,99,2,107,4,103,1,105,3,108,1,109,1,111,2,112,2,113,1,116,1","actions,87,1,90,6,93,1,95,2,107,3,101,1,102,1,116,1","activated,90,1","active,1,1,5,1,87,1,88,1,90,5,93,1,96,6,97,6,99,2,102,1,113,2,116,1","actively,8,1,9,1,90,1,96,1,97,1","activism,90,3,96,1,97,1","activists,7,1,90,2,96,2,97,2","activities,7,2,13,1,14,2,8,2,9,4,21,2,87,5,90,13,91,1,93,6,94,1,95,5,96,6,97,6,98,6,100,1,107,8,101,4,102,4,103,1,106,2,108,3,109,2,111,7,110,2,112,2,114,1,116,1,6,1","activity,91,1,96,8,97,8,99,1,107,1,101,2,102,3,106,1,108,2,111,7,110,1,112,17","actors,90,1","acts,7,1,13,1,9,2,21,3,90,9,91,1,93,3,95,3,100,2,104,4,107,19,101,15,102,10,103,5,105,12,106,12,108,9,109,6,111,11,110,12,112,4,113,6,114,10,115,4,116,28","actual,98,1,105,1","actually,102,1,108,1,113,1","acute,90,1","adamant,90,1","adapt,90,2","adaptable,90,1","adaptation,90,1","adaptations,90,1","adapted,90,2","adapting,99,1,101,1,102,1,108,1","adb,18,1","add,95,1,99,1","added,9,1,90,1,95,1,98,1,105,1","adding,9,1,10,1","addition,7,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,103,2,105,3,111,2,116,1","additional,12,1,21,1,90,2,91,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,100,2,103,1,105,1,106,1,108,34,110,1,116,1","additions,95,1","additive,103,1","address,4,2,9,1,87,1,91,5,99,1,107,1,101,2,102,2,103,1,105,1,112,2","addressed,7,1,8,1,87,2,90,1,107,1,112,1","addressing,8,1,9,3,87,1,91,1,101,1,103,1,105,1,106,1,110,1","adduced,113,1","adequacy,103,1","adequate,93,1,95,1,105,1,113,1","adequately,93,1,96,1,97,1,101,1","adhere,107,1","adherence,1,1,5,1,107,1","adhering,114,1","ad-hoc,96,1,97,1","adjacent,12,1,106,1,110,1","adjust,103,1","administering,112,1","administration,87,1,92,1,93,1,98,1,112,3","administrative,87,1,98,1,100,1,104,3,101,1,102,4,108,4,112,1,114,1,116,1","administrators,106,1,110,1","admissible,90,2","admission,87,3","adopt,90,1,107,1,101,3,102,2,106,1,108,1,110,1","adopted,1,2,5,2,12,1,13,1,14,1,11,2,21,1,87,1,90,15,91,2,93,2,95,3,96,1,97,1,107,10,101,4,102,7,103,6,105,4,106,5,108,2,111,4,110,5,113,5,114,2,115,1,116,1","adopting,8,1,9,2,90,1,100,1,101,1,102,4","adoption,12,1,14,1,16,1,90,2,100,1,107,1,114,1,116,2","adopts,93,1","adult,93,1","advance,96,1,97,1","advances,90,2","advantage,9,1,87,1,90,3,93,1,96,1,97,1","adversary,93,1","adverse,98,1","advertisements,96,1,97,1","advertising,96,3,97,3","advice,111,1","advisable,101,1,102,1","advised,104,1","advisor,14,1,9,1,89,1,91,1,92,1,94,1","advisory,89,1,107,1","advocacy,93,1","advocate,18,1","advocates,90,2,111,1","advocating,91,1","aegis,1,1,5,1","aerial,90,1,93,1","aerodrome,104,1","affair,90,1","affairs,2,1,4,2,7,4,12,1,8,1,9,2,10,3,17,1,18,1,90,2,91,3,93,1,95,2,96,2,97,2,101,1,102,1,108,8,112,2,113,1","affect,90,1,98,1,100,2,101,2,102,1","affected,9,1,10,1,15,1,16,1,87,2,90,1,93,1,98,5,112,2","affecting,108,1","affectionately,87,1","affects,109,1","affiliated,7,1,90,3","affirm,111,1","affirmed,108,1","affirming,113,2","afford,87,1,93,1,100,1,107,1,101,3,102,3,109,1,112,3,113,1,116,1","affording,113,1","afghan,18,1,90,1,91,1,92,1","afghanistan,90,3,92,1,95,1,98,1,99,3,104,1,105,1","afghanistan-pakistan,90,3","afghans,99,1","afma,88,1","aforementioned,107,1","aforesaid,112,4,113,7","africa,9,1,10,1,18,1,90,1,92,1,95,1,98,1,104,2,105,1","african,18,1,92,1,104,1","aftermath,14,1,11,1","afunds,102,1","against,4,1,7,2,8,1,9,5,10,1,16,1,21,4,87,2,88,1,90,42,91,6,93,11,95,4,96,1,97,1,98,1,99,6,100,14,104,6,107,12,101,3,102,8,103,3,105,12,106,12,108,6,109,4,111,2,110,12,112,13,113,15,114,2,116,3,6,1","age,87,2,98,1","agencies,13,1,88,1,95,1,102,2,108,1,109,1,114,1","agency,101,7,112,2","agenda,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,5,7,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,90,1,96,2,97,2,103,1,105,1,106,1,110,1,6,1","agenda.html,2,4","agenda_03.gif,39,8","agent,103,1,112,6","agents,96,1,97,1,102,1,103,2,108,1,109,1,112,2,113,1","aggravation,90,1","aggregate,98,1","aggression,107,1","aggressive,96,2,97,2","aggressively,9,1","aggrieved,111,1","agitation,17,1,87,1","ago,91,1,99,2","agree,10,1,87,6,90,1,100,1,107,1,101,4,102,3,103,1,105,1,108,1","agreed,87,1,90,2,96,1,97,1,100,1,107,1,101,3,102,3,108,1,109,8","agreeing,87,1","agreement,7,1,87,3,90,2,98,2,107,1,103,1,105,1,109,1,112,2,113,2","agreements,102,1,108,1,114,1,116,1","agrees,107,1,101,1,102,1","agricultural,98,1","agriculture,98,1","aground,106,1,110,1","ahilan,96,1,97,1","ahmed,90,3","aiding,109,1,112,2,113,1,115,1","aids,112,1,113,1","aim,93,2,99,2,107,2,101,2,102,2,108,1","aimed,1,2,5,2,90,2,105,1,111,1","aiming,104,1","aims,99,2","air,87,1,90,2,91,1,99,1,103,1,105,6","aircraft,13,1,90,3,98,1,100,1,104,1,107,2,101,4,102,3,103,3,105,13,108,1,109,2,113,3","aircrafts,90,1","airline,90,2,103,1","airliners,105,1","airplanes,95,1","airport,90,3,104,1","airports,102,1,108,1,113,1","aiyanna,96,5,97,5","ajuna,16,1","akashi,87,2","ala,96,1,97,1","alarmed,91,1","alarming,96,1,97,1","alawi,99,1","albania,104,1","albanians,99,1","albert,106,1,110,1","alerting,88,1","al-fatah,98,1","algeria,90,4,95,1,99,2,104,3,103,1","algerian,90,3,99,1","algiers,90,1","alia,95,1,104,1,101,2,102,1,114,1","alien,95,1,100,1,107,2","alienate,93,1","alienation,93,1","aligned,91,1","alike,90,1","al-kafari,88,1","allay,87,1","alleged,96,2,97,2,100,10,106,1,107,3,101,10,102,8,105,2,109,1,110,1,113,1,116,1","allegedly,96,1,97,1","allegiance,90,5","alliances,90,2","allies,99,2","allocated,102,2,108,2","allocation,98,2","allow,90,1,103,1","allowed,87,1,90,7,93,1,112,1","allowing,113,1","allows,90,1","almost,87,1,98,2,99,2","alone,99,3","along,93,1,112,1","alongside,93,1","alongwith,89,1","alpha,101,1","alqaeda,90,3","al-qaeda,90,24,91,1,93,1,95,2,98,1","al-qaeda-style,90,1","already,90,1,95,1,99,2","al-sheeb,99,1","alternative,87,1,99,1","although,87,5,90,9,95,1,98,1,104,1,107,2","alumni,18,1,89,1","always,87,1,90,3,93,1","alwis,3,1","al-zarqawi,90,1","amal,8,1,9,1,11,1,19,1","ambassador,12,2,8,1,9,1","ambassador-at-large,108,1","ambit,1,1,5,1","ambulatory,98,1","amend,87,1,103,1","amended,95,1,106,1,102,1,109,1,110,1,112,1,113,1","amending,106,1,110,1","amendment,87,4,106,1,101,6,102,8,103,6,105,1,110,1","amendments,95,1,106,4,107,1,101,3,103,4,110,4","america,12,1,10,1,18,1,90,1,92,1,96,1,97,1,98,2,99,1,115,1","american,18,1,90,1,92,1,95,1,103,1","americans,90,1","americas,99,1","aml,88,4","amman,96,1,97,1","amnesty,87,2","among,7,1,9,3,10,1,18,2,88,1,90,1,91,1,92,1,95,2,98,3,99,6,100,3,101,2,102,3,105,2,108,2,109,3,114,1","amongst,88,1,91,1,98,1","amount,87,1,90,1,93,1,99,2,101,1","amounted,91,1,98,1","ampara,98,3","analyse,90,1","analyses,95,1,96,1,97,1","analysing,15,1","analysis,90,2,92,1,105,1,108,1","analyst,7,1","analytic,88,1","analyze,93,1,99,1","analyzes,93,1","anandasangaree,2,1,10,2,17,1,18,3,87,9","anandasangaree.doc,87,4","anandasangaree.pdf,87,4","anandasangaree-icct,19,1","anarchy,93,1","anathema,93,1","anbalawannan,96,1,97,1","ancient,93,1","ancillary,98,1","andorra,104,3","andrews,18,1,94,2","angeles,90,2","angola,104,1","anguilla,104,1","anila,10,1,15,1","annex,106,1,102,8,103,9,105,1,108,6,110,1","annexed,107,1,101,2","anniversary,90,2,101,1,102,1","announces,7,1,6,1","announcing,7,1,6,1","annual,88,1,98,10,112,1,113,1","annually,7,1","annulling,87,1","anonymity,96,1,97,1","another,10,1,87,2,88,1,90,8,91,1,93,1,95,2,96,1,97,1,99,1,100,4,101,7,102,6,108,2,109,5,112,6,113,5,116,2","answers,90,1","antagonism,90,1","antagonistic,90,1","anterior,101,1,102,1","anti,21,1,90,2,95,1","anti-castro,98,1","anticipate,90,2","antigua,104,1","antilles,104,5","antimilitancy,89,1","anti-money,88,2","anti-social,93,1","anti-terrorism,7,1,90,1,107,2","antiterrorist,90,2,95,5","anti-terrorist,4,1,8,1,9,1,11,1,90,30,95,1,114,2,115,1,6,1","anxiety,99,2","anyhow,99,2","anyone,87,1,100,1,106,1,110,1","anything,87,1,109,4,112,2,113,3","anywhere,8,1,9,1,91,1,93,1","àò°åºå¾àºòè¨,111,5","àºòæ,111,5","apart,21,1,99,2","apocalypse,99,1","apparatus,90,3","apparent,102,1,108,1","appeal,87,1,90,1,96,3,97,3,111,1,112,9,113,15","appeals,96,3,97,3,111,3","appear,88,1,90,3","appeared,18,1,90,4","appears,109,1,111,2","appeasement,93,1","appl,101,1","applicability,112,1","applicable,90,1,100,2,104,1,101,3,102,2,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","applicant,112,1","application,88,1,100,2,104,3,106,2,107,1,101,3,102,3,103,1,105,1,108,1,109,2,110,2,112,8","applications,105,1","applied,90,2,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,104,1","applies,87,1,106,3,101,1,102,1,105,1,109,1,110,3","apply,100,2,104,5,106,1,101,2,102,2,108,4,110,1,112,1","appoint,112,2","appointed,18,1,89,2,103,1,111,3,112,2","appointment,89,1","appointments,87,1","apportioned,96,1,97,1","appreciatded,13,1","appreciate,90,1,91,1","appreciation,87,1","appreciative,91,1","apprehend,9,1,91,1","apprehension,105,1,114,1","approach,11,1,90,2,93,7,96,1,97,1","approaches,90,1,95,2,96,4,97,4","appropriate,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,100,8,106,3,107,4,101,13,102,12,103,3,105,2,108,6,109,4,110,3,112,4,113,2,114,2,116,2","appropriately,102,1","appropriations,96,1,97,1","approval,104,1,106,1,101,7,102,9,103,2,108,1,111,3,110,1,112,1,113,1","approved,107,1,102,1,103,2,105,1,108,3,111,1,112,1,113,1","approving,104,1,101,2,102,3","approximate,98,1","approximately,88,1","aprc,91,1","april,8,1,9,1,90,3,91,1,96,1,97,1,99,1,104,17,106,1,103,2,109,1,110,1,113,1","aproceeds,102,1","arab,90,1,98,1,104,4,107,1","arabia,10,1,99,2,104,2,107,2,103,1,105,1","arabic,88,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","arbitrarily,87,1","arbitrary,87,1","arbitration,100,3,106,1,107,1,101,3,102,3,103,1,105,1,110,1","arduous,91,1","area,8,1,9,2,87,1,90,15,91,1,96,2,97,2,99,1,107,1,6,1","areas,10,1,18,1,87,6,91,3,93,3,96,2,97,2,98,6,104,1,107,1","areas-oriented,93,1","arf,91,1","argentina,104,1,103,1","argued,16,1,96,1,97,1","argument,98,1","arguments,93,1,95,1,105,1","ari,96,1,97,1","arise,87,2,104,1","arising,13,1,93,1,104,2","arjun,19,1","arjuna,10,1","armed,87,4,90,2,93,1,95,1,98,5,99,1,100,2,107,5,101,4,102,1,103,1,113,2","armenia,104,1","armenians,99,2","arms,13,1,87,3,88,1,93,3,99,1,107,2,102,1,108,1,116,1","armstrafficking,116,1","army,2,1,7,1,12,1,8,1,9,1,18,1,89,5,93,10,98,1,99,2","around,87,1,88,3,90,1,98,5,99,1","arrange,87,1","arrangement,10,1,96,1,97,1,112,5,113,5","arrangements,100,1,101,3,102,3,103,1,109,1,112,1,113,1,114,1,116,1","arranging,112,3","arrest,13,1,9,1,87,1,90,3,91,2,93,1,96,1,97,1","arrested,90,3,96,5,97,5,99,2,112,3,113,2","arrival,87,1,98,1","arrivals,98,8","arrive,7,1","arrogant,87,2","arrow.gif,40,8","arsenal,90,9","art,104,1,106,1,110,1","article,90,1,96,1,97,1,100,47,104,10,106,4,107,1,101,82,102,78,103,6,105,3,108,51,109,28,110,4,112,1,113,1","articles,88,1,89,1,104,4,106,2,101,1,102,1,103,2,105,1,109,1,110,2","articulate,1,1,5,1","articulated,9,1","artillery,98,1","arts,8,1,9,1","aruba,104,2","arul,96,1,97,1","arulnandan,96,1,97,1","arulsothy,96,1,97,1","arumugam,96,1,97,1","arun,96,1,97,1","asean,12,1","ashley,96,1,97,1","asia,12,2,8,1,9,1,18,2,88,1,89,1,90,3,92,1,93,9,95,1,96,4,97,4,98,15,99,2","asian,12,1,91,2,93,3,94,1,96,2,97,2,98,1,108,1,109,3","ask,9,1,99,1","asked,90,1,99,2,107,2,103,1","aspect,91,1","aspects,7,1,9,1,93,2,96,2,97,2,107,2,101,1,102,2,108,1","aspirations,93,1","asr,98,1","assam,91,1,93,1,98,2","assassinated,99,1","assassination,93,1","assault,109,1","assembly,91,2,100,1,106,2,107,3,101,3,102,12,103,3,105,4,108,4,110,2,113,4,114,3,116,1","assess,96,1,97,1,103,1","assessed,87,1","assessment,87,1,99,4","assessments,96,1,97,1","asset,96,1,97,1,112,2","assets,96,3,97,3,98,1,102,2,108,3,112,5,116,2","assigned,87,1,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,1","assignment,112,1","assignments,96,2,97,2","assist,7,1,87,1,106,1,105,2,111,2,110,1,112,1","assistanc,101,1","assistance,87,4,90,2,91,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,100,2,101,12,102,13,107,4,108,10,109,1,111,2,112,12,113,8,116,3","assistant,2,1,7,1,10,1,16,1,18,1,96,12,97,12,98,1,112,2","assisting,107,1,109,1,116,1","associate,12,1,8,1,9,1,111,2","associated,15,1,96,3,97,3,107,1,116,1","associates,96,1,97,1","association,7,1,12,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,108,1,109,3","assume,104,1,107,1","assumed,89,2,96,1,97,1","assuming,102,1","assumption,98,1","assurances,101,1","asylum,91,1,95,1,100,1,104,2,105,1","asylum-seeker,114,1,116,1","asylum-seekers,107,1","asymmetric,7,1","atef,99,1","ates,101,1","ati,89,1","atomic,90,1,101,7","attach,95,1","attached,106,1,110,1","attaches,95,1","attack,90,11,96,1,97,1,99,2,106,1,110,1","attacked,87,1,96,1,97,1","attacking,90,1,95,2","attacks,11,1,90,26,91,1,93,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,99,11,101,1,105,1,107,2,114,1,115,3,116,2","attained,104,2","attainment,98,1","attempt,93,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,2,109,1,111,1,110,1,113,1,116,2","attempted,89,1,100,3,106,1,110,1","attempting,90,1,96,1,97,1,112,1","attempts,1,1,5,1,93,1,100,2,106,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,1,108,1,110,1,112,1,113,1","attend,101,1","attendant,1,1","attended,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,94,1","attention,7,1,13,1,11,1,87,1,90,1,91,4,93,1,106,1,102,1,105,1,108,1,110,1,114,1","attentive,90,2","attitude,87,2,90,1","attitudes,10,1","attorney,90,1,112,1","attorney-general,113,1","attract,87,1","attracted,13,1","attraction,90,1","atur,89,1","aud,96,1,97,1","audited,103,1","audits,105,1","aug,88,4,89,1,98,1","august,7,4,89,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,104,20,108,1,113,3,116,1","aum,99,1","auspices,106,1,110,1,114,1","australia,2,1,14,1,9,2,10,1,18,3,90,3,94,2,96,15,97,15,99,1,104,1,6,1","australian,18,1","austria,10,1,104,1,106,1,103,2,105,1,110,1","authentic,90,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1","authentication,88,1","authored,89,1","authorised,109,1,112,2","authorising,112,1","authoritative,88,1","authorities,90,6,95,1,96,5,97,5,100,4,104,3,106,1,101,8,102,6,105,1,108,3,109,2,110,1,112,3","authority,90,2,93,1,96,3,97,3,99,1,101,2,102,2,111,7,112,3","authorized,100,1,101,2,102,2,103,1,108,1,111,1,112,2,113,1","automatically,99,1","autonomous,99,1","autonomously,90,1","autonomy,90,1,99,3","auxiliary,106,1,110,1","availability,96,1,97,1,98,1","available,87,1,88,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,3,102,1,103,1,111,1,116,1","avenues,12,1","average,98,8","averages,98,1","avg,98,2","aviation,21,1,90,1,91,1,104,5,102,3,103,13,105,19,108,3,109,1,113,3","avoid,87,1,93,1,96,2,97,2","avoidance,112,1","avoiding,109,1","avsm,89,1","award,89,2","awarded,89,1,94,1","aware,87,2,90,8,91,1,109,1","awareness,89,1,90,1","away,87,2,90,1,98,1","ayman,99,2","aynagaran,96,1,97,1","azerbaijan,98,1,104,1","b.com,94,1","baader-meinhof,99,1","babies,98,1","backbone,93,1","background,1,1,88,1,106,1,103,3,105,1,107,1,110,1","backgrounds,93,1","backing,99,1","bacteriological,90,1","baggage,103,3","baghdad,95,1","bahamas,104,1","bahasa,88,1","bahrain,104,1,105,1,107,1","balance,90,3,93,1,112,2","bali,99,2","balkans,90,1,99,1","ball,87,1","baltimore,96,1,97,1","ban,87,2,90,1","banca,88,1","bandaranaike,15,1,18,1,10,1","bangalore,88,1,109,1","bangladesh,90,1,93,1,98,2,99,1,104,1,108,1,10,1","bank,7,1,14,4,9,2,15,1,18,1,88,2,96,3,97,3,98,8,102,3,108,2,112,5,113,5,10,1","bankers,112,1","banking,88,1,96,1,97,1,112,6","banks,88,1,108,2","banned,90,1","banner,96,1,97,1","barbados,104,1","barbuda,104,1","barely,90,1","basayev,90,1","base,90,3,96,1,97,1,98,3","based,87,4,90,6,93,2,96,16,97,16,98,1,104,2,101,1,102,1,103,2,105,1","bases,90,2,95,1","basic,90,1,106,1,107,1,110,1","basically,98,1","basis,7,1,12,1,8,1,9,1,87,1,90,4,93,1,95,3,98,1,100,1,101,3,102,3,103,1,104,1,107,2,108,1,109,1,114,1","basque,98,1,99,1","basques,99,2","battalion,89,1","batticaloa,87,2,98,4","battle,4,1,9,2,91,3,99,1","battlefield,18,1,92,1,98,1","battles,99,3","bay,87,1","bcn,106,2,110,2","bdti,18,1","beach,87,1","bear,7,1","bearer,102,1,108,1","bearing,101,1,102,1,108,1","became,99,3,107,2,111,1,113,1","because,9,2,87,5,90,2,91,1,93,2,95,1,98,1,99,5,112,1","become,21,1,87,1,90,7,95,1,98,2,99,2,106,1,107,2,108,1,110,1,116,1","becoming,95,2,99,1,107,1","beforehand,101,1,102,1","began,93,1","beghal,90,1","begin,101,1","beginning,90,1,95,1,99,1","beginnings,90,1","behalf,87,2,88,1,107,1,109,1,111,1,112,15,113,2,116,2","behavior,93,1","behaviour,90,1","behest,90,3","belarus,104,1,105,1","beleive,113,1","belgium,104,1","belief,93,1,112,5","believe,87,1,93,6,99,3,107,1,108,1,112,4,113,1","believed,91,1,96,4,97,4,99,1,105,1,107,1,112,2","believes,91,1","believing,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1","belize,104,1","belong,90,3,99,1,101,1","belonging,90,1,99,1,112,1","belongs,90,4,101,1","ben,99,1","beneficial,96,1,97,1","beneficiaries,102,1","benefit,90,3,116,1","benefited,90,1,99,1","benefits,96,1,97,1,101,1","benin,104,1","berkeley,92,1","berlin,95,1","bern,96,2,97,2","beside,90,1","besides,7,1,93,1","besieged,1,1,5,1","beslan,99,1","best,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,99,2,105,1,107,1","beta,101,1","better,13,1,90,2,91,1,98,1,99,1","between,9,1,15,1,90,18,93,4,95,2,96,2,97,2,98,5,99,3,100,9,106,1,101,10,102,9,103,3,104,1,105,3,107,4,108,1,109,7,110,1,112,4,113,4,116,1","beyond,9,1,90,1,91,1,98,1,106,1,110,1,10,1","bhekh,108,1","bhutan,104,1,108,1","big,87,3","bigger,87,1","biggest,18,1,99,1","bilateral,8,1,9,1,90,2,93,3,95,2,114,1,116,1,6,2,10,2","billion,91,1,93,2,98,9","bills,112,2,113,1","bin,90,1,99,2","bind,102,1","binding,111,2","biological,93,1,106,1,110,1,116,1","bipolar,90,2","birth,98,1","bis,106,1,110,1","bites,93,1","black,95,2","blackmail,90,1","blackseafor,95,1","blame,87,1","bleeding,87,1","blind,90,3","blitz,16,1","blitzkrieg,93,2","blocking,93,1","blocks,96,1,97,1","blood,95,1,96,1,97,1","blood-relatives,96,1,97,1","bloodthirsty,90,1","blow,9,1,99,1","blown,106,1,110,1","bmich,91,1","board,7,2,89,2,90,1,100,1,106,5,101,2,102,2,103,1,105,4,107,2,110,5,113,2","boarding,106,1,110,1","boast,87,1","boat,90,1","bodies,7,1,12,1,88,1,90,2","bodily,101,4,102,1,107,1,108,1,109,2,113,2","body,7,1,91,1,99,1,103,1,107,1,111,10,112,10,113,2","bogged,93,1","bogollagama,4,1,7,3,8,1,9,1,91,1,6,2","bolivia,104,1","bomb,13,1,90,2,91,1","bomb.doc,107,4","bombay,88,1","bombed,99,1","bomber,90,2","bombing,21,1,91,1,98,1,99,1,103,1,105,1,107,4","bombing.pdf,107,4","bombings,11,1,18,1,90,1,91,1,102,1,107,4,108,1,113,1","bombs,87,1,90,1","bona,112,4","bonds,102,1,108,1,112,1","books,89,1,92,1","border,15,1,89,1,90,1,96,1,97,1,98,2,99,1,116,1","borders,88,1,93,2,108,1","born,18,1,89,1,98,1","borne,7,1","bosnia,90,1,99,1,104,2","both,1,1,5,1,7,2,12,1,13,1,87,4,88,1,90,3,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,99,1,101,3,102,4,108,2,112,6,6,2,10,2","bother,87,1","botswana,104,1","bound,87,1,100,3,106,2,101,2,102,2,103,2,104,2,105,2,107,1,110,2","boundaries,93,2","box,103,1,105,1","boys,99,1","branch,103,1,105,1,112,1","branches,96,1,97,1,99,1","brand,96,1,97,1","brazil,99,1,103,1,104,1,105,1","breach,102,1,105,1","breakdown,98,1","bribery,112,1","brief,7,1","briefing,87,1,88,1","briefly,90,2","brigade,89,1","brigades,99,1","bring,87,3,91,2,93,1,95,2,107,1,114,1,115,1","bringing,7,1,93,1","brings,90,1,99,2,112,1","brisbane,94,1","britain,90,2,99,1,104,4","british,87,1,90,2,94,1,96,3,97,3,99,1,104,1","brittany,90,1","broach,90,1","broadcasted,90,1","broadcasting,96,1,97,1","broaden,106,1,110,1","broader,7,1","broke,90,1","brokers,112,1","brother,87,1","brought,9,1,87,1,90,1,98,1,99,1,100,1,106,1,101,1,105,1,109,1,110,1,112,3,113,1,116,1,6,1,10,1","bruguiã¨re,18,2","bruguiere,2,1,4,1,7,3,8,4,9,1,11,1,18,1,19,1,90,22,6,2","bruguiere.doc,90,4","brunei,104,1","brutal,91,1,96,1,97,1,10,1","brutally,9,1,99,1","bttom_dsc_0094.jpg,41,8","buddhist,95,1","budget,98,3","budgets,15,1","bugs,90,1","build,93,2","building,9,1,17,1,91,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,111,1,10,1","bulgaria,103,1,104,2","bulk,9,1,91,1,96,1,97,1","bulletin,98,1","bulwark,16,1","burdens,15,1","bureau,112,2,113,2","burkina,104,1","burundi,99,1,104,1","burwood,96,1,97,1","bush,90,1","business,88,1,96,14,97,14,105,1,112,19","businesses,88,1,96,2,97,2,112,1","businessman,96,1,97,1","businessmen,96,1,97,1","buying,111,1,112,3","c.d,3,1,4,1","cabinet,7,1","cadre,87,6,111,2","cadres,98,1,99,1","café,96,1,97,1","calculated,98,1,101,1","calculation,98,1","calculations,98,1","calendar,96,2,97,2","california,92,1","caliphate,99,1","call,107,1","called,18,1,87,2,93,2,99,3,102,2,105,2,107,4,108,1,109,1","calling,90,1,106,1,103,1,110,1,116,1","calls,8,1,103,1,105,1,114,2,115,2,116,2,6,1","call-time,96,3,97,3","cambodia,96,2,97,2,98,1,104,1","cambodian,96,1,97,1","came,87,2,90,1","cameroon,104,2","camp,95,1","campaign,9,1,87,1,93,3,99,1","camps,87,1,90,1,99,1,107,1","canada,96,7,97,7,103,3,104,1,105,1,107,1,10,1","canadian,96,1,97,1","canberra,18,1","candidates,87,1","canines,103,1","cannot,9,1,87,4,95,1,99,7,100,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,104,1,105,1,107,1,110,1,112,3","capabilities,90,1,96,2,97,2","capability,9,1,91,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,107,1","capable,96,1,97,1","capacity,1,1,5,1,7,1,9,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,108,1","cape,104,1","capita,91,1,98,3","capital,15,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,3,102,2,108,1","caps,92,1","captive,96,1,97,1","captured,7,1,87,1","card,93,1,96,3,97,3","cards,90,1,96,7,97,7,112,1","care,96,1,97,1,98,7","carefully,106,1,105,1,110,1","cargo,106,3,103,2,110,3","caribbean,98,1","carlos,7,1,99,1","carriage,106,2,103,1,110,2","carried,90,5,99,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,108,1,112,2","carries,93,2,112,1","carrot,93,1","carry,88,1,90,8,93,2,96,3,97,3,106,3,101,2,102,4,103,1,108,3,110,3,112,1,116,1","carrying,87,1,90,1,91,1,102,2,103,1,112,5","cartel,96,1,97,1","casablanca,18,1","case,7,1,13,1,18,1,88,1,90,5,96,2,97,2,99,12,100,3,106,3,101,2,102,2,103,2,104,4,105,4,107,1,109,4,110,3,112,5,113,4","case-by-case,102,1,108,1","cases,90,3,95,1,96,9,97,9,100,1,106,1,101,3,102,3,105,1,110,1","cash,96,4,97,4,102,1,108,1,112,2","casie,3,1,4,1","casinos,112,1","cast,87,1,111,2","caste,96,1,97,1","castro,96,1,97,1","casualties,98,8","casurina,87,1","categories,87,1,88,1","categorization,96,1,97,1","categorize,96,1,97,1","categorized,91,1","category,87,1,90,2,96,1,97,1,98,1,99,1","catering,103,1","cathedral,90,1","catholics,99,1","catr,94,1","caucasus,90,3,99,1","causal,93,1","cause,1,1,5,1,87,1,90,1,91,1,93,3,106,1,101,7,102,2,107,2,108,2,109,1,110,1,112,3,113,2,10,1","caused,87,1,98,1,99,1,109,2,115,1,116,1","causes,15,1,106,1,110,1,112,1","causing,87,2,106,1,105,2,111,1,109,1,110,1","caution,87,1","cease,102,1,104,1,108,1","ceasefire,7,1,98,4","cease­fire,98,1","ceases,102,1,108,1","cells,90,5","cellular,98,1","census,98,4","cent,98,41,101,1","center,2,2,4,1,7,2,13,1,9,1,18,3,94,1,95,1,99,8,106,3,103,3,105,3,107,4,108,1,110,3","central,7,1,14,3,9,2,15,1,90,1,95,3,98,9,106,1,104,1,105,1,109,3,110,1,113,2,10,1","centralization,90,2","centralized,90,7","centralizing,90,1","centre,2,1,7,1,14,1,8,1,9,3,11,1,18,1,90,6,92,3,93,1,94,1,96,15,97,15,98,1,103,1,105,1,10,1","centres,87,6,96,3,97,3","century,87,1,99,1","ceo,2,1,14,1,9,1,18,1,88,1","ceremonially,7,1","ceremonies,96,1,97,1","certain,7,1,93,1,95,2,98,2,99,1,101,1,107,2,111,6,112,1,113,2","certainly,87,2,95,1","certificates,112,1","certified,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,2,113,2","certify,113,1","cessation,98,1","ceylon,87,2","cf,111,2","cfa,7,1,98,3","cfses,98,4","cft,88,4","ch-47,99,1","chad,104,1","chain,9,1","chair,12,1,13,1,14,1,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,91,1","chaired,7,1,8,2,9,4,91,1,10,2","chairman,4,1,8,1,9,1,11,1,16,1,89,1,90,22,93,7,107,1,6,1,10,1","chairmanship,91,1,95,1","chairperson,2,1,7,1","chaliand,2,1,4,1,7,1,9,2,18,2,92,3,99,8","chaliand.doc,92,4,99,4","chalk,7,1","challenge,1,4,2,2,3,1,4,2,5,3,7,3,12,1,13,1,14,1,8,1,9,3,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,3,90,3,91,6,93,1,99,1,116,1,6,4,10,5","challenged,99,1,10,1","challenges,1,1,5,1,89,1,90,1,91,3,95,1,99,1","chance,95,1","chandra,12,1,13,1,8,1,9,2","change,17,1,87,2,98,2,101,1,102,1,111,1","changed,87,2,98,1,104,1","changes,90,1,106,1,110,1","changing,87,1,112,1","channel,96,1,97,1","channeled,96,1,97,1","channels,90,1,96,4,97,4,102,1,108,1","chapter,111,7,112,5,116,1","chapters,89,1","character,87,1,107,1,109,1,112,1,113,1,10,1","characteristics,90,2","charge,7,1,18,1,89,1,90,2,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1,112,4,113,1","charged,90,1,96,1,97,1","charges,96,1,97,1,105,1","charismatic,90,1,99,1","charitable,90,1,96,2,97,2,102,1","charities,93,1","charity,96,3,97,3","charter,100,6,101,2,102,2,105,1,107,1,108,3,111,2,109,1,114,3,115,3,116,4","chc,96,2,97,2","cheap,99,1","chechens,99,2","chechnya,90,1,99,2","check,2,1,14,1,96,1,97,1","checked,103,2","checking,88,1,93,1","checks,103,2","cheikh,99,1","chemical,90,3,93,1,106,1,103,2,110,1,116,1","cheques,102,2,108,2,112,4","chetty,3,1,4,1","chevening,94,1","chicago,103,1,105,1","chief,7,2,89,3,91,1,93,8","chiefly,90,1","chiefs,89,1,93,7","chilaw,87,1","child,91,1,98,3","children,87,4,98,4,112,1","chile,104,1","china,12,2,8,1,9,2,99,1,104,10,105,1,107,1,6,1,10,1","chinese,88,1,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,1","chinook,99,1","choice,1,1,5,1,10,2","cholai,96,1,97,1","choose,99,1","chosen,90,1,105,1","churches,95,1","circ.443,106,1,110,1","circular,106,2,110,2","circulated,101,1,103,1","circulates,101,1","circulating,112,1","circulation,102,1","circumstances,1,1,5,1,90,3,99,1,100,1,101,5,102,3,104,1,105,1,107,1,112,1","cis,95,2","cited,111,1,112,1,113,1","cities,96,1,97,1,99,1","citizen,90,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,109,3,112,1,113,3","citizens,16,1,89,1,90,1,93,2,95,1,107,1,116,1","citizenship,90,1","city,88,1,96,1,97,1","civic,93,1","civil,1,3,2,2,3,1,4,1,5,7,7,2,12,1,13,1,14,1,8,1,9,1,11,1,15,1,16,6,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,2,87,1,90,3,93,2,98,1,100,1,102,7,103,7,104,5,105,17,108,5,109,2,112,1,113,3,6,1,10,2","civilian,90,2,95,1,98,1,102,1,105,1,108,1,111,1,113,1","civilians,5,1,16,1,98,1,113,1","civilians.â ,1,1","civilization,87,1","civilizations,95,1","civilized,93,1","claim,87,3,100,1,101,1,102,2","claimants,112,1","claimed,98,1,105,2","claiming,87,1,90,1","claims,18,1,87,1,102,1,112,1,116,1","clandestine,90,4","clashes,16,1,93,1","class,18,1,90,1","classes,87,1","classical,90,1,99,1","classified,87,1","class-oriented,99,1","clear,87,1,88,1,90,1,91,1,95,2,96,1,97,1,98,1","cleared,98,1","clearly,87,2,90,1,93,1,98,2,104,1,105,1","clergy,96,2,97,2","client,88,1,112,1","clients,88,2,112,2","climate,90,1","clinics,98,1","clock,88,1","cloning,96,1,97,1","close,18,1,87,2,90,2,92,1,96,4,97,4,99,2,116,1","closed-group,96,1,97,1","closely,93,1,96,3,97,3,108,1","closer,98,1","closing,2,1","clubs,87,1","co,2,1,108,1,113,1","coalition,93,1,95,1","coast,90,2,96,1,97,1","co-chairs,87,1","code,90,3,111,1,109,1,112,2,113,1","codesharing,103,1","coercion,96,1,97,1,111,1","coexist,90,1","co-existence,93,1","cognisable,112,2","cognizance,93,1","cohesive,99,1","coincidence,98,1","cold,99,1","collaborate,14,2,90,1","collaboration,90,2,91,1","collaborative,93,1,103,1","collaborators,95,1","collapse,90,2,99,3","colleagues,91,1,95,2","collect,9,1,95,1","collected,96,1,97,1,113,3","collecting,113,1","collection,90,1,96,2,97,2,108,3,116,1","collections,96,7,97,7","collective,90,5,93,2,95,1,99,1,107,1,112,1,115,1,116,1","collectively,108,1","collects,88,1,102,1,108,1,113,1","college,7,1,92,1,10,1","colloquium,90,2","colombia,98,5,104,1","colombian,90,1","colombo,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,7,4,12,1,13,1,14,1,8,4,9,5,11,2,15,2,16,1,17,1,18,3,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,9,90,23,93,7,95,4,96,12,97,12,98,1,99,8,111,2,112,2,113,4,6,4,10,3","colonel,89,2","colonial,99,1,100,1,107,2","colonized,99,1","combat,12,1,8,1,9,1,87,1,90,3,91,1,93,2,98,1,112,1,114,2,115,2,116,1","combatant,18,1","combatants,87,2,91,1,96,1,97,1","combating,1,2,2,1,3,1,4,1,7,2,12,1,13,1,14,3,8,1,9,4,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,1,88,1,93,1,106,1,105,1,107,1,110,1,113,1,114,1,5,6,6,1,10,1","combination,96,1,97,1","combined,96,1,97,1","come,87,4,88,1,90,2,91,1,93,1,112,1,113,1","comes,87,1,91,1,100,1,113,1","comfortable,87,1","coming,95,1","comity,112,1","command,89,2,90,1,93,1,101,1,111,1","commanded,89,1","commander,2,1,7,1,12,1,8,1,9,1","commanding,89,2,90,1","commandment,90,3","commando,90,1","commemoration,96,1,97,1","commemorations,90,1","commenced,96,2,97,2","commencement,9,1","commend,91,1","commended,96,1,97,1,10,1","commending,114,1","commensurate,112,1","commented,91,1","commenting,7,1","comments,103,1,10,2","commerce,108,1","commercial,88,1,90,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1,112,3","commercially,103,1","commission,90,2,96,3,97,3,100,2,106,5,101,4,102,7,103,10,107,4,108,3,109,2,110,5,111,1,112,6,113,9,114,1,116,6","commissioned,18,1,89,1","commit,16,1,93,1,100,2,106,2,101,5,102,3,105,2,107,4,108,3,109,1,110,2,111,2,112,3,113,4,114,1,116,6","commitment,7,1,87,2,93,2,96,2,97,2,107,1","commitments,93,1,96,1,97,1,108,1,112,1","commits,100,3,106,3,101,4,102,3,105,1,108,3,109,2,110,3,112,1","committed,13,1,11,1,87,2,90,3,100,6,106,3,101,18,102,15,104,1,105,3,107,10,108,5,109,5,110,3,111,5,112,7,113,12,114,2","committee,14,1,11,1,89,1,91,4,93,9,95,2,96,2,97,2,100,1,106,5,101,2,102,2,103,4,105,2,107,12,110,5,116,4","committees,93,2","committing,93,1,100,1,102,2,108,3,111,2","commodity,112,1","common,87,1,90,4,93,4,95,1,99,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,113,2,5,1","commonwealth,18,1,91,1,94,1,112,3,113,2","communal,93,1","communalism,16,1","communicate,99,1,100,3,101,5,102,3,112,1,113,1","communicated,102,1","communicating,106,1,105,1,110,1","communication,93,2,100,2,102,1,108,1,10,1","communications,18,1,99,1,116,1","communiqué,107,1","communism,90,1","communist,98,2","communities,18,1,87,1,91,1,93,1","community,1,1,7,1,13,1,14,1,9,1,87,14,90,10,91,5,93,3,95,2,96,10,97,10,98,1,100,1,102,1,107,1,111,7,115,1,5,1","comoros,104,1","companies,88,1,89,1,96,1,97,1,112,2","company,96,1,97,1,112,3","comparable,7,1","compare,7,1","compared,98,2","comparison,87,1,96,1,97,1,98,1","compartmentalization,90,1","compartmentalized,90,1","compel,100,2,106,2,101,2,102,2,107,1,108,1,110,2,113,3","compelled,15,1,87,1","compelling,111,1","compensate,102,1","compensation,112,1","competence,90,1","competencies,96,1,97,1","competency,106,1,110,1","competent,95,2,100,1,101,5,102,5,104,2,108,2,109,1,111,6","competitive,96,1,97,1","compilation,91,1","complaints,93,1","complement,116,1","complete,90,1,103,1","completed,90,2,94,1","completely,87,1,90,1","completion,101,1","complex,90,1,93,1,99,1,102,1,108,1","complexity,1,1,5,1","compliance,88,1,90,1,93,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,2,107,2,108,1,110,1,112,4","complicated,99,1","complicating,87,1,10,1","complied,105,1","comply,11,1,90,1,105,1,112,3","component,96,5,97,5","composed,103,1,107,2","composition,87,2,103,1","compounding,15,1","comprehensive,9,1,91,2,93,4,95,1,101,1,102,1,103,2,107,3,108,1","comprise,93,1,111,1","comprised,8,1,9,1","compromise,9,1,99,1,107,1","compromised,9,1,91,1","compromises,90,1","compromising,17,1","compulsion,100,3","compulsions,96,1,97,1","compulsorily,87,1","compulsory,87,1","computations,98,1","conceal,111,1,112,2","concealed,87,1","concealment,112,2","conceals,112,2","conceivable,17,1","concentration,101,1","concept,87,2,88,1,93,1,103,1,105,1,10,1","concern,90,4,98,1,100,1,106,2,102,1,103,1,107,1,110,2,116,1","concerned,87,2,90,1,96,1,97,1,99,3,100,3,106,3,101,9,102,4,103,1,104,2,107,1,108,2,109,1,110,3,114,1,116,1","concerning,90,2,93,1,99,1,100,5,106,1,101,3,102,7,103,1,105,2,108,1,110,1","concerns,87,2,91,1,99,1,101,1,102,2,105,1,107,1,108,2","concerted,9,1","concession,90,1","concluded,91,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,109,1,6,1,10,2","concludes,6,1,10,1","concluding,1,1,7,1,102,1,108,1,10,1","conclusion,87,1,90,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,2","concrete,9,1,95,1","concurrently,89,1","condemnation,101,1,102,1,116,1","condemned,90,2,93,1,107,4,109,1","condemning,90,1,103,1,114,1","condemns,114,1,115,1","condition,87,1,90,1,98,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","conditional,87,1,100,2,101,3,102,3,109,2","conditionally,111,1","conditions,93,1,95,1,98,1,100,2,106,2,101,5,102,5,104,1,108,1,110,2,111,1,112,1,113,1","condolences,115,1","condone,9,1,101,1","condoned,91,1","condoning,91,1,101,1","conduct,87,2,96,1,97,1,101,1,103,2,109,1,111,6,112,1,113,1","conducted,7,1,87,1,95,2,103,1,112,2","conducting,87,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,102,1,108,1,111,1,112,1","conference,1,12,2,6,3,6,4,5,7,16,12,5,13,5,14,5,8,7,9,10,11,5,15,5,16,5,17,5,18,5,19,5,20,5,21,5,87,11,88,1,90,23,91,4,93,8,95,6,96,12,97,12,99,9,106,4,101,4,103,3,105,3,110,4,5,15,6,11,10,10","conferences,1,1,88,2,5,1","conferred,112,1","confidence,15,1,93,1,101,2","confidentiality,101,2","confines,87,1","confirm,112,2","confirmation,112,1","confirmed,90,1,107,1","confirming,112,2","confirms,112,1","confiscated,96,1,97,1","confiscation,108,1,112,1","conflict,1,1,9,1,18,2,87,1,89,1,90,2,91,2,92,1,93,1,98,12,99,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,113,2,5,1","conflicting,99,1","conflicts,2,1,4,1,7,1,9,1,92,1,93,1,95,2,98,1,99,9,100,2,107,1","conflictual,99,1","conformity,100,2,101,4,102,4,107,1,114,1,116,2","confront,91,2,99,1,10,1","confrontation,90,1","confronted,13,1,90,1,91,1,93,1","confronting,1,1,91,1,5,1","confronts,7,1,91,1","confuse,99,1","congo,98,1,104,2","congregation,96,1,97,1","congress,107,1","connected,11,1,101,3,102,2,108,2,109,4,112,4,113,2","connection,90,2,99,1,106,2,101,3,102,2,105,1,108,1,109,1,110,2,112,2,116,2","connexion,100,2","conniving,9,1,91,1","conscience,87,1","conscious,91,1","consciously,7,1","consciousness,90,1","conscription,87,1","consensus,91,1,93,2,101,1,103,1","consent,101,1,102,2,104,2","consequences,15,2,90,1,99,1,101,1,107,1","consequently,90,1,99,1,104,1","consider,87,1,90,2,99,2,100,2,106,3,101,3,102,6,103,3,104,2,105,3,107,2,108,2,109,1,110,3,114,2,116,1","considerable,9,1","consideration,91,1,106,2,102,2,103,1,104,1,107,1,108,1,110,2,112,3","considerations,90,2,101,1,102,1,107,3","considered,87,1,90,4,95,2,96,2,97,2,106,1,103,4,104,1,109,2,110,1,112,1","considering,90,1,100,1,102,2,108,1","considers,9,1,90,1,95,1,100,3,101,1,102,1,104,1,112,2,6,1,8,1","consignment,96,1,97,1","consist,90,1","consistent,101,4,102,1,103,1,108,4,109,1,10,1","consisting,116,1","consists,90,1,106,1,110,1","consolidate,96,1,97,1","consolidated,96,1,97,1,103,1,105,1","conspiracy,90,7,109,1","conspires,111,1,112,1","conspiring,112,2","constant,7,1,90,2,88,1","constantly,90,3,9,1,91,1","constitute,99,1,102,1,107,1,108,1,112,2,113,1,116,1","constituted,90,2","constitutes,90,2,91,1,102,1,108,1,112,2,113,2","constituting,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","constitution,90,1,87,8,104,1,105,1,113,1","constitutional,90,1","constitutions,87,1,93,2,108,1","constraints,90,2,87,1","construction,96,1,97,1","construed,100,1","consular,101,1,102,1,113,2","consultant,14,1,18,2,98,1","consultation,101,1,112,1,113,1,116,1","consultations,95,1,101,3,107,2,108,2,109,1","consumed,103,1","consumer,96,1,97,1,112,3","cont,98,2","contact,1,1,2,1,3,2,4,1,7,1,90,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,9,2,11,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,92,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,103,1,105,1,110,1,5,1,6,1,8,1,10,1","contacts,90,1","contactus.html,3,4","contactus_03.gif,42,8","contain,101,1,112,1","contained,90,1,15,1,101,1,102,2,103,1,109,2,112,1","containing,101,3","contains,90,1,104,2","contemplated,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,2","contemplating,87,1","contemporary,7,1","content,1,1,2,1,3,1,88,1","contents,90,2,98,1","contested,90,1,87,1","contesting,87,1","context,90,3,16,1,98,1,102,1,104,2,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,2,114,1","contexts,7,1","continental,102,1,108,1,113,1","continents,90,1","contingent,112,1","continuation,95,1","continue,91,1,93,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,104,1,107,1,10,1","continued,7,2,18,1,87,1,106,2,110,2,6,1","continues,89,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,111,2","continuing,103,1,105,1,111,2","continuity,90,1","continuous,101,1","continuously,98,1","contract,96,1,97,1","contracting,109,17","contracts,96,1,97,1","contradicted,107,1","contradictions,95,1","contrary,90,2,16,1,87,1,107,1,109,1,112,1,113,1,116,2","contrast,98,1","contravenes,112,2","contravention,100,1,111,9,112,4,113,1","contribute,16,1,17,1,91,3,107,1,114,1","contributed,90,1,94,1","contributes,106,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,110,1,113,1","contributing,91,1,99,2,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1,111,1,113,1","contribution,91,1,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,114,1","contributions,96,3,97,3,112,1","contributor,98,1","control,87,6,99,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,106,2,101,2,102,1,103,2,108,2,110,2,111,1,112,6,113,1","controlled,96,1,97,1,116,3","controller,96,9,97,9","controllers,96,1,97,1","controls,88,1,108,2,116,2","convene,106,1,101,1,110,1,111,1","convened,106,1,103,2,105,1,110,1","convenience,90,1","convenient,112,1,113,1","convent,101,1","conventio,101,1","convention,90,21,12,2,14,1,9,1,21,11,87,1,91,9,93,4,95,1,100,37,106,38,101,44,102,44,103,32,104,59,105,30,107,31,108,26,109,39,110,38,111,1,112,1,113,47,116,1","convention...to,104,1","conventional,90,1,99,1,93,2","convention-i.pdf,105,4","conventions,90,22,9,3,11,2,21,3,91,3,93,1,95,1,100,4,106,2,102,1,103,1,104,1,107,8,108,1,110,2,111,2,114,3,115,1,116,3,8,1","converntion,113,1","conversely,93,1","convert,9,1,91,1","converted,98,1,112,2","convey,103,1","conveyance,101,2,102,1","conveyed,90,2","convicted,105,1,112,6,113,2","convicting,112,1","conviction,99,1,111,4,112,9,113,2","convictions,101,1,102,1","convinced,90,1,87,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","convincing,90,1","cook,104,1","cool,99,4","cooler,99,1","cooperate,90,1,91,1,93,2,95,1,106,1,101,1,102,3,105,2,107,1,109,1,110,1,114,2,116,2","co-operate,100,1,106,1,103,1,110,1","cooperating,102,1","cooperation,7,1,90,14,12,1,9,5,87,1,91,2,93,3,95,7,100,1,101,3,102,2,105,1,107,2,108,1,109,7,114,3,115,1,116,3,6,2,8,3,10,2","co-operation,100,3,106,1,108,10,110,1,113,1","cooperative,93,1,109,1","coordinate,12,1,102,1","coordinated,11,1,12,1,89,1,91,1","co-ordinated,12,1","coordinates,99,1","coordinating,17,1,95,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,10,1","co-ordinating,96,3,97,3,100,1","coordination,9,1,93,2,95,5,114,2,116,1","co-ordination,94,1,96,1,97,1","coordinator,3,1,10,1","co-ordinator,17,1,96,1,97,1","cope,95,1","copies,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1","copy-cat,91,1","cordial,87,1","core,90,1,11,1,88,1,96,1,97,1","corner,88,1","corners,1,1,2,1,3,1","cornerstone,90,1","corporate,111,2,112,2","corporation,7,2","corporeal,112,1","corps,89,1","correspondence,112,1","corresponding,98,2,112,5","corruption,88,1","corsica,98,1","co-speaker,14,1,9,1","cost,98,17,105,1,10,1","costa,104,1","costly,99,1","costs,1,2,2,2,3,1,4,1,7,4,13,1,14,1,9,1,11,1,12,1,15,8,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,98,1,112,1,5,6,6,1,8,1,10,4","côte,98,1,104,1","could,90,4,9,1,16,2,17,1,87,5,91,1,99,4,96,2,97,2,98,2,104,1,107,2,109,1,112,3,114,1","council,90,10,14,1,11,1,12,1,17,1,87,2,89,1,93,2,94,1,95,2,96,1,97,1,103,14,105,3,107,6,108,4,111,2,114,3,115,4,116,7,10,1","counselling,87,1,109,1","count,9,1,91,1,99,2","counter,1,5,2,1,7,2,90,8,13,1,14,2,9,2,11,1,18,3,21,1,88,1,91,2,99,1,93,15,94,1,95,3,96,12,97,12,101,1,102,1,107,1,114,2,5,5,8,1,10,1","counteract,102,2","counterattack,90,5","counterfeiting,108,1,116,1","countering,1,7,2,6,3,7,4,6,7,8,90,22,13,6,14,6,9,8,11,6,12,7,15,6,16,6,17,6,18,6,19,6,20,6,21,7,87,10,91,4,99,8,93,8,95,7,96,12,97,12,5,17,6,11,8,7,10,9","countermeasures,105,1","counterterrorism,93,1,95,1,107,1","counter-terrorism,7,1,18,1,93,4,95,2,107,3","counterterrorist,95,1","counter-terrorist,95,3","countries,1,2,7,2,90,9,14,2,9,4,15,3,18,1,87,8,88,1,91,3,99,8,92,1,93,3,95,9,96,9,97,9,98,4,106,1,103,1,104,1,107,1,110,1,112,3,113,2,5,2,6,1,10,5","country,90,7,9,1,87,15,91,3,99,5,93,4,95,2,96,20,97,20,98,15,106,1,104,1,109,5,110,1,112,6,113,4","country’s,15,1","country-level,96,1,97,1","coup,98,1","couple,87,1","courage,90,1,87,1,91,1","courier,96,1,97,1","couriers,96,6,97,6","course,99,3,100,1,107,1,112,2","court,90,2,18,1,95,1,100,2,101,2,102,2,104,3,105,1,107,1,111,4,112,41,113,19","covenant,100,1","cover,90,1,93,1,98,1,106,1,110,1","coverage,90,1,88,1,101,1","covered,107,2,112,2","covering,91,1,101,1,102,1,107,2","covers,106,1,110,1","covert,99,2,96,1,97,1","cpn-m,98,1","craft,106,2,110,2","craftsmanship,96,1,97,1","crash,90,1,103,1,105,1","create,15,1,99,1,93,1,111,2","created,90,3,87,2,99,1,95,2","creates,90,1,15,1","creating,99,1,95,1,111,1","creation,90,2,112,2","creators,90,1","credibility,87,2,101,2","credit,90,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,2,108,1,112,6,113,1","credited,7,1,112,1","credits,102,1,108,1,112,1","creeping,90,1","crew,104,1,105,1","crews,106,6,110,6","cricket,87,1","crime,9,1,11,2,88,2,93,1,103,1,105,1,107,4,112,2,116,1,8,1","crimes,90,1,13,1,11,1,16,1,91,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,113,1","criminal,90,13,13,1,88,1,95,3,96,4,97,4,100,3,106,1,101,7,102,15,105,2,107,5,108,7,109,2,110,1,112,4,113,1,114,1,116,3","criminalising,12,1","criminalize,116,1","criminalizing,108,2","criminals,90,1","crises,90,1,15,1","crisis,90,1,91,1,99,1,95,1","criteria,95,2,103,1","critic,18,1","critical,9,1,91,1,103,1,105,1","criticism,17,1,87,1","criticisms,90,1","criticized,99,1","croatia,104,2","cross,100,1,101,1,102,1","cross-border,93,1,96,1,97,1,102,1","crossing,93,1","crucial,90,1,16,1","csa,96,1,97,1","cstpv,94,1","ctc,14,1,11,1,107,2","ctf,88,3","cuba,104,1","cubans,98,1","cult,99,1","cultural,90,1,18,1,93,3,96,1,97,1,102,1","culture,87,1,93,2,96,1,97,1","cumulative,98,1","cup,90,1","curative,98,2","curbed,9,1","curbing,13,1","currency,90,1,96,2,97,2,98,2,112,2","current,90,8,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,4,103,1","currently,90,1,89,1,93,1","currents,90,1","curtail,87,1","curtailed,90,1","curtailments,90,1","cussed,93,1","custodies,90,1","custody,90,1,100,3,106,2,101,6,102,6,105,2,107,1,110,2,112,1","custom,90,2","customer,88,3,102,3,112,1","customers,102,2,108,1,112,2","customs,93,1,98,1,106,1,108,2,110,1","cut,99,2","cutting,95,1","cyber,112,1","cyber-jihad,99,1","cycle,99,1","cyprus,104,1","czech,9,1,103,1,104,2,10,1","czechoslovakian,90,1","d.c,115,1,116,1","d.phil,18,1","daily,87,1","damage,1,1,15,1,93,1,98,2,106,1,101,5,105,1,109,2,110,1,111,1,112,1,5,1,10,1","damages,101,1","damaging,90,1,106,2,105,1,110,2","damascus,107,1","danger,95,1,104,1,109,1","dangerous,109,1,112,1","dappula,9,1","dapula,13,1","dar,90,1","dare,87,1","darussalam,104,1","data,90,1,96,2,97,2,98,6","database,88,3,96,1,97,1,98,1","data-base,93,1","date,90,2,11,1,88,1,100,4,106,1,101,5,102,3,103,1,104,12,108,2,109,2,110,1,112,6,113,6,116,1","dated,90,10,87,2,104,9","david,2,1,14,1,9,1,18,2,88,11","day,2,3,90,1,9,2,87,5,99,4,93,1,96,1,97,1,100,2,101,4,102,3,103,1,104,1,108,2,109,4,111,1,113,5,8,1","dayone.html,4,4","days,90,2,91,1,99,1,93,1,106,1,102,2,103,2,104,1,110,1,111,1,112,4,116,2,10,1","dc10,90,1","deadly,99,1,93,1,116,1","deaf,91,1","deal,1,1,7,1,13,1,12,1,87,1,91,2,93,4,107,2,112,2,10,2","dealers,88,1,112,2","dealing,102,1,103,1,107,4,112,4","dealings,87,1","deals,91,1","dealt,99,1,109,1,112,1","dean,9,1,8,1","dear,87,1,95,2","death,1,1,90,1,101,4,102,1,107,1,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,2,5,1","deaths,99,1,98,2,10,1","debarred,90,1","debate,90,1,91,1","dec,89,1","decade,98,2","decades,90,1,13,1,18,1,91,1,99,2","deceive,99,1","december,90,7,91,1,96,1,97,1,100,3,101,3,102,11,103,1,104,21,105,2,107,5,108,5,109,3,111,3,112,1,113,5,114,1,116,1","decide,109,1","decided,90,1,99,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,103,1,107,1,112,1","decides,114,1,115,1,116,4","decision,7,1,90,4,95,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,104,1,108,1,111,3","decision-making,90,1","decisions,90,1,87,1,109,1,111,1","declaration,90,1,91,1,93,1,100,3,106,1,101,5,102,5,103,1,104,10,105,1,107,12,108,3,109,1,110,1,114,1,116,1","declare,100,1,101,1,102,2,103,1,105,1,108,1,111,2","declared,96,1,97,1,103,1,104,2,107,2,112,1","declares,104,2,116,1","declined,98,2","declining,98,1","de-commissioning,17,1","decorated,89,1","decree,95,2,98,1","decreed,90,2","dedicated,7,2,90,3,99,1","dedicating,90,1","deem,101,2,102,2","deemed,100,1,101,2,102,4,108,2,109,2,111,2,112,10,113,4","deems,109,1","deep,107,1","deepest,115,1","deeply,90,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,114,1,116,1","def,98,2","default.html,5,4","defeat,9,2,89,1,99,1,93,2,8,1","defeated,91,1","defence,7,1,15,1,18,1,89,2,98,19,101,1,105,1,111,1,112,1","defend,93,1","defendants,18,1","defense,7,1,98,1","deficiencies,105,1","definable,93,1","define,90,4,99,1,93,1","defined,90,2,99,1,100,2,102,1,108,1,112,3","defines,106,1,105,1,110,1","definitely,96,1,97,1","definition,90,3,95,1,107,2,112,1,113,2","definitional,91,1,93,1","definitions,108,1,112,1","definitive,90,1","degree,9,1,18,1,93,1,95,1","dehradun,18,1,89,1","delay,87,3,91,1,100,2,101,4,102,3,109,1,112,1,113,1,116,1","delaying,112,1","delegate.doc,95,4","delegation,94,1,96,1,97,1","delegations,96,1,97,1,106,3,110,3","delete,90,1","deleting,103,1","delhi,89,1","deliberate,87,1","deliberately,106,1,110,1","deliberating,8,1","deliberations,9,2,91,3,107,1","delicate,91,1","delineate,116,1","delisted,96,1,97,1","delisting,96,1,97,1","delivered,99,1,112,2","delivering,9,2,107,1","delivery,93,1,106,1,110,1,112,1","dem,98,1","demand,90,2,87,5,99,1","demanded,96,1,97,1","demanding,87,1","demands,90,4,87,1,101,1","demeaning,87,1","demobilize,87,1","democracies,7,1,91,3","democracy,1,2,16,1,99,1,93,2,5,2","democratic,1,4,90,1,13,1,9,1,87,8,91,1,99,2,93,8,104,6,108,1,111,20,112,3,113,3,5,4,6,1,10,3","democratically,1,4,2,2,3,1,4,2,7,3,13,1,9,2,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,3,91,2,5,3,6,2,8,1,10,2","demonstrate,95,1","demonstrated,98,1","denial,87,1,108,1","denmark,96,4,97,4,104,3","denounce,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1","denounced,106,1,110,1","dental,98,4","denunciation,100,1,106,3,101,1,102,1,103,1,110,3","deny,11,1,93,2,114,1,116,1","department,90,4,12,1,15,1,99,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,3,104,3,111,1,112,2,113,1,10,1","departments,90,1","departure,100,1,101,1,102,1","depend,102,1","dependency,98,1","dependent,96,2,97,2","depending,87,1,96,2,97,2","depends,90,1","deplored,109,1","deployed,93,1","deport,96,1,97,1","deposit,100,3,106,1,101,3,102,6,104,5,108,1,109,1,110,1,112,3","depositaries,104,1","depositary,101,4,102,3,104,1,108,3","deposited,91,1,100,3,106,1,101,4,102,4,104,14,108,1,109,1,110,1","depositing,102,1,103,1,108,1","depository,106,1,103,2,105,1,107,1,109,1,110,1","deposits,106,1,101,2,108,1,109,1,110,1","deprivations,87,1","deprive,98,1","deprived,90,1,87,2","deputy,13,1,9,3,12,1,14,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,8,1","der,18,1","dera,18,1,89,1","derivatives,112,1","derived,101,1,102,5,108,4,112,9,116,1","descend,93,1","described,7,2,87,1,101,1,104,1,109,2,112,1","describes,96,3,97,3","description,112,6","desert,7,1,18,1","design,106,1,110,1","designate,96,1,97,1","designated,96,2,97,2,112,2","designed,1,1,2,1,3,1,105,1,111,1","desire,105,1","desires,106,1,110,1","despite,90,2,99,1,93,1,95,3,98,2,10,1","destabilize,93,1","destabilizing,90,1","destinations,96,1,97,1","destined,106,1,110,1","destroy,106,1,105,1,110,1,112,2","destroyed,9,1,98,1,103,1","destroying,90,1,106,2,105,2,110,2","destroys,112,1","destruction,1,1,90,3,99,4,93,2,98,2,106,2,103,1,107,1,110,2,111,1,112,3,116,1,5,1,10,1","detailed,105,1","details,3,1,7,1,96,4,97,4,112,1","detain,100,1","detained,90,2,101,2,102,2","detains,100,1,109,1","detect,90,4,88,1,101,1,102,1,108,3","detectability,103,3","detected,90,1,103,1","detecting,103,1","detection,21,1,87,1,96,2,97,2,102,1,103,14,107,2,108,1","detection.pdf,103,4","detectors,103,1","detention,101,1,102,1","deter,93,1","deteriorated,93,1","deteriorates,95,1","deterioration,90,1,98,1","determination,90,1,93,3,100,1,108,1,112,2,113,2,116,2,10,1","determined,114,1,115,1","determines,96,1,97,1","determining,96,1,97,1,112,3","detonating,107,1","detrimental,90,1,111,4","deutsche,88,1","devananda,17,1,19,1,10,2","develop,1,1,7,1,90,1,9,1,14,1,87,3,93,1,100,1,101,1,103,1,105,1,107,1,111,2,114,1,5,1,10,1","developed,1,2,2,1,3,1,7,1,90,8,87,2,93,1,96,4,97,4,103,1,5,1","developing,1,1,7,2,9,1,87,2,91,3,93,1,96,1,97,1,107,2,5,1","development,1,1,90,3,15,3,87,4,91,2,99,1,93,2,98,5,103,2,105,1,107,3,109,1,111,1,5,1,10,1","developmental,111,2","developments,93,1,106,2,103,3,105,1,110,2","develops,90,1","device,106,1,101,12,107,1,110,1","devices,101,6,105,1","devise,93,1","devising,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,2","devolving,93,1,108,1","devote,7,1","devoted,7,1,93,1","dhabi,90,1","dhaka,91,1,109,1","di,98,2","dialects,93,1","dialogue,91,1,93,1,95,3","dialogueâ€�,7,1","dialogues,93,1","dias,15,1","diaspora,13,1,99,2,96,11,97,11","diasporas,99,4","dictated,96,1,97,1","dictates,96,1,97,1","dictators,88,1","dictionary,93,1","did,90,4,87,2,99,2,98,1,106,1,107,5,110,1","didn,90,6","die,90,1,99,1","died,99,1","differ,87,1","differences,93,3","different,90,1,9,1,93,2,95,7,107,1","differentiate,107,1","differs,87,1","difficult,90,3,99,1","difficulties,91,2,93,1,96,1,97,1","difficulty,87,1","digital,102,1,108,1,112,1","dignity,90,1,93,1","dilemmas,16,1","diligence,88,2,111,1,112,1,113,1","dilute,7,1","dimension,1,1,7,1,90,7,99,1,93,1,5,1","dimensions,1,1,2,2,3,1,4,1,7,1,13,2,9,3,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,93,3,98,1,5,5,6,1,8,1,10,1","diminished,104,1","dinidu,3,1","dinidu.dealwis@gmail.com,3,1","dinner,96,1,97,1","diplomacy,18,1","diplomatic,90,3,9,1,18,1,87,1,93,4,106,2,101,1,102,2,105,1,107,1,108,1,109,1,110,2,113,3","dipped,98,1","direct,90,5,15,1,88,1,91,2,99,1,93,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,98,2,102,1,103,1,107,2,109,1,112,1","directed,90,1,99,1,100,3,106,1,102,3,103,1,104,1,107,1,109,1,110,1,116,1","direction,17,1,112,3,116,2","directions,112,2,113,3","directly,90,3,9,1,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,2,102,3,108,2,111,1,112,7,113,1,116,5,8,1","director,2,2,3,1,4,2,7,2,9,4,11,1,12,2,14,1,15,2,16,1,18,1,89,1,99,8,92,1,94,1,95,1,101,2,111,1,112,6,113,1,8,3,10,3","directorate,90,2","directors,88,1,89,1,102,1","directs,101,1,102,1,108,1,116,1","dirty,90,1","disabled,87,2","disappear,99,1","disappeared,90,1","disappointment,107,1","disapproval,112,1,113,2","disarm,87,1","disaster,87,1","discerning,88,1","discharge,11,1,101,1,102,1,111,1,112,2,113,1","discharging,107,1","discipline,90,1","disciplined,90,1","disclose,112,2","discloses,112,2","disclosing,112,1","disclosure,102,1,112,5","discontent,95,1","discounted,91,1","discover,90,1","discovered,90,1","discredit,99,1","discriminated,99,1","discrimination,90,1,87,3","discriminatory,87,1","discuss,1,2,7,2,11,1,12,1,15,1,16,1,95,1,103,1","discussant,1,1,12,1,17,1","discussants,1,1,13,1,9,3,11,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,8,1,10,2","discussed,5,2","discussing,15,1","discussion,2,1,7,1,9,2,10,1","discussions,91,1","diseminates,96,1,97,1","disenchanted,1,1,5,1","disgusted,87,1","disintegration,101,1","dismantled,90,5,9,1,8,1","dismantling,90,1","disparities,87,1","dispatched,105,1","dispensed,98,1","dispensers,98,1","dispersal,90,1,101,1","dispersions,99,1","displaced,87,1,98,1","displacement,15,1,10,1","display,90,1,111,1","displayed,87,1","disposal,90,1,100,1,101,1,109,1,112,4","dispose,112,2","disposed,101,1","disposes,112,2","disposition,101,2,112,1","dispute,100,2,101,2,102,2,104,3","disputes,106,1,103,1,105,1,107,1,110,1","disrupt,14,1,111,1","disrupted,9,1","disrupting,93,2","disrupts,111,1","dissemination,101,1,108,1","dissenting,96,1,97,1","dissociated,90,1","dissuading,1,1,5,1","dissuasive,102,1,108,1","distinct,96,1,97,1","distinction,93,1,107,1","distinctive,1,1,5,1","distinguish,90,2","distinguished,18,1,88,1,89,1,91,2,95,1","distinguishes,90,1","distr,114,1,115,1,116,1","distributed,96,1,97,1","distributing,111,1","distribution,7,1,96,4,97,4,98,1","distributor,96,1,97,1","distributors,96,1,97,1","district,98,3","districts,87,3,98,2","disturbing,90,1","diverse,96,1,97,1","diversity,90,1,87,1,93,1","divided,90,1,99,1","division,90,1,87,2,89,1,98,2","divisions,96,1,97,1","divulge,112,2","divulges,112,1","divulging,112,1","djibouti,104,1","dl,88,4","doctorate,18,1","doctors,96,1,97,1","doctrinal,93,1","doctrine,90,2,10,1","doctrines,9,1,93,1,8,1","document,90,1,93,1,112,7","documentation,96,1,97,1","documented,90,1,91,1","documents,102,1,108,2,112,5,116,3","doesn,90,11","dog,93,1","doing,87,1,91,1,100,2,106,1,101,2,102,2,107,1,108,1,109,1,110,1,111,1,113,3","domain,93,1","domestic,1,2,2,1,3,1,4,1,7,3,90,4,13,1,9,2,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,101,2,102,17,105,1,107,2,108,12,114,1,116,2,5,6,6,1,8,1,10,1","dominant,90,1,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","dominated,91,1","domination,100,1,107,2","dominica,104,1","dominican,104,1","donating,111,1","donation,112,1","donations,96,1,97,1","doon,89,1","dopted,107,1","double,90,2,95,2","doubled,98,1","double-edged,93,1","doubt,90,1,91,1","doubts,112,1","douglas,17,1,10,1","down,1,1,7,1,90,1,99,1,93,3,98,1,109,1,5,1","dozen,88,1,93,1","dpdhs,98,2","dr,2,5,4,2,7,6,13,1,9,8,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,3,16,1,17,1,18,5,19,1,91,1,99,8,92,3,96,2,97,2,108,1,8,2,10,7","draft,98,1,106,2,102,1,103,4,105,1,107,6,110,2","drafted,103,1","drafting,91,1","drafts,102,1,108,1,112,2","dragging,87,1","dramatically,88,1","drawing,90,1,16,1,91,2","drawn,90,2","draws,9,1,6,1","dress,111,1","drew,106,1,110,1","drinking,98,3","driven,90,1","drives,88,1","driving,90,1","drop,98,1","dropped,98,2","droukdal,99,1","drug,90,1,93,2,102,1,103,1,107,1","drugs,9,1,11,1,93,1,105,1,107,1,112,1,116,1,8,1","dst,90,1","dual,87,1,96,1,97,1","due,7,1,90,1,87,3,88,2,91,1,99,1,93,3,98,5,106,1,104,1,105,1,110,1,111,1,112,1,113,1","duglas,19,1","duly,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,116,1","duration,90,1,96,1,97,1,106,2,103,2,105,2,110,2","duress,111,1","during,90,4,18,1,87,7,89,2,99,3,93,2,96,2,97,2,98,11,106,5,101,1,103,3,105,2,107,4,110,5,112,2","duties,101,2,102,1,107,1,111,1,112,2","duty,87,2,108,1,112,8,113,1,116,1,10,1","dvd,96,1,97,1","dvds,96,3,97,3","dynamic,99,1","dynamically,106,1,110,1","dynamism,96,1,97,1","e.g,87,1","èâ¨å,111,5","éæ¾ø,111,5","earlier,90,2,93,1,96,1,97,1","earliest,9,1,91,1","early,90,5,87,2,88,1,96,1,97,1,98,2,116,1","earned,87,1,88,1","earner,98,1","earnings,98,3","ears,91,1","easier,90,1","easily,93,2","east,90,2,12,1,87,13,88,1,99,2,93,1,95,1,96,5,97,5,98,28","eastern,87,1,91,1,98,7","easy,87,2,99,1","ebbs,93,1","ecg,98,1","ecole,92,1","econ,18,2","economic,1,1,90,2,9,1,15,4,99,2,93,4,96,1,97,1,98,12,102,1,107,2,108,1,116,2,5,1,10,2","economically,99,1,93,1","economics,15,1,18,1,10,1","economist,18,1","economy,98,1,112,2","ecosoc,107,1","ecuador,104,1","edd,88,1","edited,89,1","editor-in-chief,7,1","educate,87,1","educated,87,1,98,1","education,18,1,87,3,98,7","educational,93,1","eeg,98,1","eelam,13,1,99,1,96,4,97,4,98,3","eelapatheeswaran,96,1,97,1","effect,90,3,12,1,89,1,91,1,100,2,106,2,101,2,102,3,103,1,104,14,108,1,109,3,110,2,111,2,112,5,113,5","effected,100,1,112,2","effective,11,1,14,1,93,5,95,2,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,103,1,105,1,108,5,109,1,114,1,116,1","effectively,1,1,14,2,107,1,5,1","effectiveness,105,1,108,1","effects,7,1,90,1,15,1,105,1","efficaciously,111,2","efficiency,90,7","efficient,90,8,99,2,102,1","efficiently,90,1","effort,9,1,88,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,101,2","efforts,7,1,9,1,12,1,87,3,91,3,93,2,95,3,106,1,103,1,105,2,108,1,110,1,111,4,114,2,115,1,116,1,8,1","ego,93,1","egocentricity,90,1","egypt,99,1,106,1,104,1,105,1,107,1,110,1","eiffel,90,1","eight,7,1,9,1,87,1,109,1","eighth,113,1","eighties,87,1","eighty-seven,109,1","either,90,4,11,1,87,2,98,1,100,1,106,1,101,1,102,2,105,1,107,1,108,1,110,1,111,4,112,10,113,1","elaborate,101,1,102,1,107,3","elaborated,90,1,107,1","elaboration,107,1","elders,90,1","elected,1,4,2,2,3,1,4,2,7,3,13,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,4,91,2,96,1,97,1,5,3,6,2,9,2,8,1,10,2","electing,87,1,10,1","election,87,4","elections,87,3,91,1","electoral,87,1","electorate,87,1","electronic,87,1,102,1,108,1,111,1,112,2","element,91,1,96,1,97,1,105,1","elements,90,1,17,1,93,7,96,1,97,1,105,1","eleventh,93,1,108,2","eliminate,87,3,91,2,93,2,95,1,101,2,102,2,107,4,114,2","eliminated,99,2,109,1,9,1","eliminating,87,1,96,1,97,1,116,1","elimination,91,2,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1","elite,9,1","elites,99,1,95,1","ella,87,1","elsewhere,91,1,99,1,109,1,112,1","emanates,93,1","embankment,106,1,110,1","embarked,91,1","embassies,90,1","embassy,90,1,101,1,113,1","emblem,111,1","embodied,90,1,100,1,113,1","embrace,1,1,5,1","emerged,90,1,87,1","emergence,90,3","emergency,21,1,111,7","emerging,89,1,96,1,97,1,105,1","emigration,99,1","eminent,7,1,91,1","emirates,90,1,104,2,107,1","emission,101,1","emphasized,90,2,107,1,9,4,8,2,10,1","emphasizes,114,1,116,1","emphasizing,88,1,114,1","employ,93,1","employed,96,1,97,1","employees,101,2,102,1","employing,93,1","employment,87,2,96,1,97,1,98,1,112,2","empowerment,93,1","emulation,91,1","enable,90,2,100,2,101,1,102,2,105,1,108,1,112,1","enabled,90,5","enabling,91,1,9,1","enact,107,1","enacted,90,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","encompasses,93,1","encountered,96,1,97,1","encourage,87,2,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,111,1","encouraged,90,1,87,1,101,2,102,1,107,2","encouragement,87,1","encourages,88,1,114,2","encouraging,87,1,107,2","encumbrances,112,1","end,90,2,99,5,95,1,103,1,108,2,109,1","endanger,90,1,106,1,105,4,110,1","endangered,111,2","endangering,111,2","endangers,106,1,110,1,111,1,114,1","endeavor,21,1","endeavored,105,1","endeavors,93,1","endeavour,1,1,108,1,5,1","endlf,87,1","endorsed,21,1,105,1,107,1","endorsement,107,1","ends,1,1,90,1,16,1,5,1","energy,101,10","enforced,21,1","enforcement,18,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,103,1,105,1,107,1,108,2,110,1,112,1,9,1","enforcing,93,1","engage,93,2,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,111,5,112,2,10,1","engaged,1,1,90,1,89,1,91,1,96,2,97,2,102,1,105,1,112,1,5,1","engagement,96,2,97,2","engages,112,1","england,88,1","english,7,1,92,1,98,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,2,113,1","enhance,90,2,101,1,102,1,103,2,108,1,116,1","enhanced,7,1,88,3,114,1","enhancing,93,1,105,1","enjoying,87,1","enjoyment,100,1,101,1,102,1","enlistment,87,1","enough,87,4","enriched,101,2","ens,101,1","enshrined,100,2,108,1,109,1","ensuing,96,1,97,1","ensure,87,7,100,1,106,2,101,7,102,5,103,4,105,1,107,1,108,3,109,2,110,2,116,4,10,1","ensured,90,1","ensures,96,1,97,1","ensuring,7,1,91,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1,114,2,116,1,9,1","ent,113,1","entangled,91,1","enter,1,1,17,1,91,1,100,2,106,2,101,4,102,4,104,2,108,1,109,1,110,2,112,1,5,1","entered,1,1,93,1,106,1,102,1,103,2,104,1,105,1,107,3,108,1,109,1,110,1,112,2,113,3,5,1","enterprise,90,1,18,1","enterprises,96,1,97,1","enters,106,1,102,1,103,1,108,1,110,1","entertain,105,1","entertainment,96,1,97,1","entire,7,1,90,1,87,4,98,1","entirely,99,1","entities,90,1,18,1,88,3,102,2,108,4,112,1,116,8","entitled,100,3,101,2,102,2,107,1,111,1,112,2,113,2","entitles,101,1,102,1,107,1,108,1","entity,101,1,102,4,108,2","entrepreneurs,96,1,97,1","entries,88,1","entrust,90,1","entrusted,87,1","entry,106,2,101,1,102,2,103,3,104,1,107,1,108,1,110,2","environment,96,1,97,1,101,4","envisage,90,1","envoy,87,2","êòé,111,5","epdp,87,1","epic,99,1","eprlf,87,1","equal,87,2,99,1,93,2,100,1,112,2","equality,90,1,101,1,102,1,108,2","equally,87,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1","equatorial,104,1","equipment,98,1,106,1,103,1,107,1,110,1","equipped,93,1,101,1","equitable,112,1","equivalent,90,1","eradicate,87,1,95,1,105,1,108,2","eradicated,87,1,9,1","eradication,95,1","erase,87,1","eric,14,1,9,1","eritrea,99,1","eros,96,1,97,1","erratic,90,1","erroneous,90,1","escalate,93,1","escalated,96,1,97,1","escalation,95,1,101,1,102,1","escape,109,1","especially,90,1,87,2,99,1,95,1,106,1,103,2,110,1,116,1","espionage,90,1","essence,99,1","essential,90,2,93,1,111,7,112,2,114,1","essentially,99,2,93,1,9,1,8,1","establish,90,2,93,1,96,1,97,1,100,4,106,1,101,4,102,5,105,2,107,2,108,1,110,1,111,2,116,1","established,1,1,90,4,11,1,18,1,87,1,88,1,93,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,106,1,101,6,102,6,103,1,104,1,105,1,107,2,108,1,110,1,111,1,112,1,113,1,116,2,5,1,9,1,10,1","establishes,95,1,103,1","establishing,102,3,105,1,107,1,108,1,111,2,112,2","establishment,14,1,93,1,107,1","estate,112,3","estimated,96,2,97,2,98,4,9,1","estimates,98,6","estonia,104,1","eta,90,3,98,1","état,98,1","ethiopia,104,1,105,1","ethiopian,99,1","ethnic,18,1,87,5,99,3,93,6,95,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,107,5,108,1","ethnicity,93,1","ethos,93,1,96,1,97,1","etudes,18,1","eu,87,1,88,1","eurasian,95,1","euro,96,1,97,1","eurojust,90,1","europe,90,24,12,1,89,1,99,3,93,1,95,1,96,13,97,13,98,2","european,2,1,4,1,7,1,90,22,87,2,99,8,92,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,9,1","europeans,99,1","europol,90,1","euros,96,1,97,1","evade,96,1,97,1","evaluate,1,1,90,1,14,1,5,1","evaluating,103,1","evaluation,105,1","even,7,1,90,9,87,6,91,1,99,2,93,2,95,2,98,2,106,1,107,1,110,1,6,1,9,1,8,1","event,99,1,96,7,97,7,101,1,111,1,112,1,113,1","eventhight_03.gif,43,8","events,7,1,90,3,88,1,96,4,97,4","everyone,87,2,93,1,100,1","everywhere,93,1","evidence,96,2,97,2,100,1,101,2,102,4,105,1,108,1,109,1,112,2,113,2,116,1","evidencing,102,1,108,1,112,1","evident,93,1,98,1,10,1","evil,95,2","evoke,90,1","evolution,90,10,16,1,103,1,9,1","evolutional,90,4","evolutions,90,3","evolve,90,1","evolved,90,1,9,1,8,1","evolves,90,1","exacerbated,90,1","exacerbation,90,1","exact,98,1","exactly,99,1","examination,96,1,97,1","examine,90,2,13,1,96,4,97,4","examined,98,2,10,2","example,95,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,102,1","examples,90,1,93,1","exceed,112,1","exceeded,98,1","exceeding,101,1,111,2,112,11,113,1","excellence,89,1,93,1","excellencies,91,1","excellency,87,3,91,1,111,2","except,87,2,99,1,101,2,102,1,109,1","exception,87,1,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,108,2,109,1","exceptional,90,1","exceptions,99,1","excessive,96,1,97,1","exchange,93,1,95,1,98,1,106,1,102,4,107,1,108,4,109,1,110,1,112,4,114,1,116,3","exchanging,100,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1","excl,98,1","exclude,98,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","excluded,105,1","excluding,98,1","exclusion,101,1,107,1,108,2","exclusive,87,1,113,1","exclusively,101,1,102,1,108,1","ex-combatants,96,1,97,1","excuse,87,1","execute,112,1","executing,112,1","execution,90,1,89,1,109,1,112,3","executive,2,1,4,1,7,1,11,1,15,1,18,1,88,1,111,2,3,1,9,1,8,1,10,1","exempted,107,1","exemption,107,1","exercise,90,2,91,1,95,1,100,3,106,1,101,5,102,4,103,1,104,1,107,2,108,1,109,1,110,1,112,1","exercised,90,1,100,2,101,1,102,1,105,1,111,1,112,1,113,1","exercises,95,1","exerting,90,1","exhaustive,90,1","exist,101,1,102,1","existence,90,1,99,1,93,1,100,2,101,2,102,3,109,2","existing,12,1,93,1,95,2,100,1,101,4,102,4,103,1,107,4,109,1,111,1,113,1,114,1","existinventory,106,1,110,1","exists,90,1,102,1,111,1","exp,98,3","expand,14,1,96,2,97,2","expanded,106,1,110,1","expansion,96,1,97,1","expatriate,90,1","expect,87,1,10,1","expectation,87,1","expectations,99,1","expected,91,1,98,2","expedite,103,2","expelled,87,1","expenditure,98,31","expenditures,98,1","expense,112,1","expenses,112,2","experience,7,1,90,3,13,1,14,1,18,1,87,1,93,4,103,1","experienced,90,1,88,1,96,1,97,1","experiences,7,2,88,1,108,1,1,1,5,1,10,1","expert,7,1,17,1,18,1,88,1,10,1","expertise,88,1,99,1,93,1,109,1,116,1","experts,7,1,90,2,87,1,91,2,93,1,98,1,103,1,6,2,9,2,8,1,10,2","expiration,112,1,113,2","expiry,106,1,110,1","explained,112,1","explains,88,2","explicit,100,1","exploded,103,1","exploding,95,1","exploit,95,1","exploitation,99,1,102,1","explore,12,1,15,1,1,1,5,1","explosions,103,1","explosive,90,1,106,1,101,1,103,2,107,1,110,1","explosives,90,2,21,1,93,1,106,1,103,37,107,3,109,1,110,1,112,1,116,1","export,90,1","exported,90,1","exports,91,1","exposed,88,1","express,90,1,112,1","expressed,93,1,106,2,107,2,110,2","expresses,114,1,115,2,116,1","expressing,116,1","expressly,102,1","ex-salafiste,95,1","ext,101,1","extend,87,1,106,1,104,1,109,1,110,1,111,2","extended,90,3,87,1","extends,109,1","extension,87,1,104,2,112,4","extensive,94,1,107,1","extensively,96,1,97,1,9,1","extent,87,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,107,1,109,4,112,1,113,2","external,96,1,97,1,108,1","externalities,96,1,97,1","externally,15,1","ex-terrorists,87,3","extinguish,93,1","extort,90,1","extortion,96,1,97,1,104,1,105,1","extortions,87,1","extraditable,100,3,101,3,102,3,107,1,109,3","extradite,11,1,100,2,106,1,101,4,102,4,104,1,105,2,107,5,108,3,109,2,110,1","extradited,90,2,100,1,107,1","extradition,90,4,93,1,100,13,106,1,101,18,102,21,105,1,107,6,108,6,109,19,110,1,112,19,113,17,114,1,116,1,9,1","extradition.â€�,8,1","extraditions,90,2","extraordinary,88,1,111,5","extremely,99,1","extremism,95,1,116,1","extremist,16,1,95,2,107,1","eyes,93,1","fabric,96,1,97,1","fac,101,1","face,90,2,87,2,91,4,99,2,1,1,5,1,9,1,10,1","faced,7,1,90,1,87,1,91,3,10,1","faces,91,1,9,2","facilitate,90,1,14,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,100,1,102,1,108,1,112,1,116,3","facilitated,90,1,116,1","facilitates,95,1,96,1,97,1","facilitating,96,2,97,2,107,1,108,2,111,2","facilitation,108,1","facilitators,116,1","facilities,98,4,106,1,101,5,105,2,110,1","facility,101,12,102,3,107,4,113,1","facing,91,3,93,1,1,1,5,1,6,1,10,1","fact,7,2,90,7,99,5,93,1,95,2,96,3,97,3,101,1,102,2,104,3,108,1,112,3","faction,98,1","factor,90,1,99,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","factoring,112,2","factors,7,1,90,3,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,103,1","facts,100,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,110,1","faculty,12,1,9,1,8,1","fail,90,1","failed,87,1,99,3","failing,112,1","fails,112,1","failure,87,1,112,1","failures,7,1","fair,90,1,87,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1","faith,102,2,108,1,109,4,111,7,112,4","faithfully,90,1","fake,90,1","fall,90,1,99,1,10,1","falls,90,1","false,106,1,105,1,110,1","falsely-declared,96,1,97,1","falsification,112,4","falsified,116,1","falsifies,112,1","falsify,112,2","familiar,91,1","families,87,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,115,1","family,87,1,96,4,97,4","famous,93,1","fanatical,90,1","far,90,1,87,1,91,1,99,3,93,3,98,1,100,2","farc,90,1,98,1","faroe,104,2","farsi,88,1","fascist,10,1","fashion,90,1","fashionable,99,1","faso,104,1","fast,90,1,87,2","fatalities,98,2","fatf,95,1","fatherland,98,1","fathulla,108,1","favorable,99,1","favourably,87,1","favoured,90,2","fax,106,1,103,2,105,2,110,1","fbi,90,1,96,3,97,3","fcib,14,1","fdi,98,7","fear,90,1,87,1,99,1,102,1","feared,90,1","fearing,87,1,10,1","fears,87,1,98,1","feasible,102,1","feature,90,2,98,1","featured,88,1","february,95,1,96,5,97,5,98,1,106,2,102,1,103,2,104,26,105,1,108,1,110,2,113,1","february-1,103,1","february-march,107,2","fed,90,1","federal,18,1,87,7,95,2,104,5","federalism,87,2","federated,104,1","federation,99,1,95,2,103,1,104,3,107,2","feeds,90,1,93,1","feel,87,2,93,1","feeling,87,1,93,1","feelings,87,1","feels,93,1","felicitated,89,1","fell,91,1","fellow,12,1,18,6,92,1,9,1,8,1","fellowship,89,1","felt,7,1,99,1","female,98,3","fernando,13,1,108,1,9,1","festivals,96,1,97,1","ficco,88,1","fide,112,4","field,7,1,90,8,91,1,95,2,107,1,114,1,9,3,8,1","fields,7,1,88,1,1,1,5,1","fifteen,113,1","fifteenth,109,1","fiftieth,101,1,102,1","fifty,112,3","figaro,18,1","fight,90,28,88,1,93,3,95,3,107,2,114,2,9,1,8,1","fighter,93,1","fighters,87,4,99,1,95,2","fighting,90,2,88,1,99,5,95,1,98,2,100,1,107,1,9,1","figure,99,2,98,10,106,1,110,1","figures,91,1,99,1,98,12","fiji,104,1","filed,105,1,112,1","filing,113,2","fill,93,1","final,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,107,2,9,1,10,1","finally,90,4,99,1","finance,90,2,14,1,93,2,96,11,97,11,101,1,107,1,111,1,112,5,114,1,116,2","financed,93,1,95,1","finances,99,1","financial,7,1,90,10,14,4,18,1,88,6,99,1,93,1,96,14,97,14,98,1,102,5,104,1,105,1,108,3,112,26,116,3,9,3,8,1","financially,99,1","financihundreds,88,1","financing,2,1,4,1,7,2,90,4,13,1,11,2,12,1,14,3,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,3,88,3,91,4,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,102,13,107,2,108,8,111,1,112,2,113,19,114,1,116,6,1,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,9,2,8,1,10,1","financing_25_2005.pdf,113,4","financingâ€�,14,1","financing’,2,1","find,90,1,87,6,88,1,99,2,93,3,116,1","finding,7,1","findings,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,2","finds,87,1,104,1","fine,109,1,112,12,113,1","finland,104,1","firearms,109,1,112,1","firm,93,1,111,1,112,3,10,1","firmly,90,1,87,2","firmness,93,1","first,7,1,90,9,18,1,87,3,88,1,91,3,99,2,95,1,96,6,97,6,98,1,106,1,105,1,107,3,110,1,113,1,9,1,8,1","firstly,7,1","fiscal,102,2,108,3,112,1","fisherpersons,98,1","fishing,98,1","fissile,106,1,101,1,110,1","fit,112,1,113,2","fiu,112,1","five,92,1,96,2,97,2,98,1,102,1,103,2,105,2,111,1,112,1","fixed,96,1,97,1,106,3,102,1,108,1,110,3,113,1","flag,93,1,106,2,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,2,111,1","flat,98,1","fleet,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1","fletcher,18,1","flexibility,90,3","flexible,90,3","flight,7,1,18,1,103,1,105,11","flights,90,1","flnc,98,1","floating,106,1,110,1","flooded,96,1,97,1","flow,93,1,96,1,97,1","flows,91,1,93,1,98,1,9,1","fluctuated,98,1","fluctuating,96,1,97,1","fluid,90,1","flying,106,2,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,2","focus,7,1,15,1,91,1,96,4,97,4,106,1,110,1,1,1,5,1,9,1,10,1","focused,7,1,90,1,91,1,93,1,1,1,9,4,8,1,10,1","focusing,11,1,96,1,97,1","foiled,90,1","follow,90,2,14,1","followed,90,3,12,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,106,1,110,1,1,1","followers,99,1","following,90,5,21,2,87,3,88,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,2,100,2,106,2,101,4,102,3,103,2,104,6,105,2,108,1,109,2,110,2,112,5,113,2,1,1,5,1","follows,98,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,2,108,1,109,2,112,1,113,1","food,96,1,97,1","foot,4,1,91,2,9,1","football,90,1,87,1","footing,90,1,99,1","fora,91,1","forbid,90,1","force,90,3,14,1,93,2,98,12,100,3,106,8,101,6,102,8,103,6,104,4,105,2,107,3,108,4,109,6,110,8,111,1,112,10,113,4,1,2,5,2","forced,96,1,97,1","forceful,91,1","forces,87,2,99,2,93,7,95,3,98,8,101,6,107,6,9,2","forcesbattlefield,98,1","forcing,90,1","forefront,88,1,91,1","foregoing,101,1,111,1","foreign,2,1,4,2,7,11,90,1,12,1,87,1,91,7,99,1,92,1,93,2,94,1,95,7,98,3,107,1,108,6,112,6,113,2,6,2,9,5,8,3,10,2,13,1","forensic,12,1,8,1,9,1","foreseeable,90,1","foresight,98,1","foretold,90,2","forfeited,112,5,113,2","forfeiting,112,1","forfeiture,102,2,108,3,112,14,113,7","forfeitures,102,2","forged,90,1,116,1","forgery,108,1,116,1","forget,90,4,87,1","forgetting,87,1","forgotten,90,1","form,90,5,87,2,91,1,93,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,101,1,102,3,107,1,108,1,109,1,110,1,112,3,116,1","formal,101,1","format,95,1,96,1,97,1","formation,98,1,103,2,112,1","formative,96,2,97,2","formed,90,5,87,1,93,1","former,2,2,4,1,7,2,12,3,14,1,15,1,17,1,99,9,93,7,96,3,97,3,104,3,8,2,9,4,10,1,13,1","formerly,90,1,16,1,96,2,97,2,9,1,10,1","formidable,90,1","forms,90,4,95,1,96,2,97,2,101,2,102,2,105,1,108,1,114,2,115,1","formulated,96,1,97,1,104,1","formulating,11,1","formulation,104,1","forth,100,11,101,24,102,34,108,20,109,2","forthcoming,87,1","forthwith,112,3,113,1","fortress,88,1","forty-fourth,109,1","forum,7,1,88,1,91,1","forward,87,2,88,1,103,1","foster,107,1","fought,90,1,91,1,99,1","found,90,1,87,4,96,3,97,3,100,2,106,1,101,1,109,3,110,1,112,1","foundation,89,2,96,1,97,1","foundations,89,1,90,1","founded,18,1,88,1","founder,2,1,89,1,14,1,18,1,88,1,9,1","four,2,1,90,1,87,1,88,1,93,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,106,1,103,1,108,1,110,1,1,1,3,1","fourfold,98,1","fourth,96,2,97,2,98,1,109,1","four-tiered,96,1,97,1","fplp,99,1","fraction,99,1","fragility,93,1","fragmented,90,1","framework,90,20,12,1,14,1,87,1,93,1,95,1,106,1,101,2,102,1,105,1,107,4,110,1,1,1,5,1,10,1","frameworks,95,1","france,2,2,4,2,7,3,90,61,11,2,19,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,103,1,104,1,105,2,107,3,9,2,10,1","franchise,93,1","frankfurt,90,1","frankly,99,1","fraud,88,1","fraudsters,88,1","fraudulent,90,2,108,1,116,1","fraudulently,87,1","free,90,3,87,4,95,1,108,1,112,1,1,1,5,1","freed,105,1","freedom,90,3,87,4,99,1,93,1,95,1,98,1,106,1,102,2,110,1","freedoms,90,4,95,1","freely,90,1,87,1,93,1,101,1,102,1","freeze,116,1","freezing,102,1,108,1,112,27,113,5","french,4,1,7,1,90,35,11,1,18,1,99,1,92,1,96,5,97,5,100,1,101,1,102,1,6,2,8,4,9,4","french-swiss,96,1,97,1","frequent,87,2","frequently,88,1,93,1","fribourg,96,1,97,1","friday,2,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,13,1","friendly,87,1,99,1,100,3,101,2,102,2","friendship,109,1","frightening,99,1","front,7,1,90,2,14,1,18,1,87,9,88,1,91,3,99,1,96,7,97,7,98,2,9,1,10,1","frontal,99,2","fronte,98,1","frustrated,99,1","frustration,87,1","fuel,93,1,8,1,9,1","fuelling,16,1","fuels,90,2","fugitive,109,2","fulfil,90,1,87,1","fulfilled,99,1","fulfilling,95,1","fulfils,90,1","full,87,7,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,2,108,2,113,2,115,1,116,2","fully,87,1,98,1,105,2,107,1,114,1,116,1","function,96,1,97,1,98,1,112,1,10,1","functionaries,93,1","functions,7,1,96,1,97,1,101,2,102,1,108,1","fund,7,1,12,1,14,3,91,1,96,7,97,3,1,1,5,1,9,1","fundamental,90,6,87,2,10,1","fundamentalism,93,1","funding,87,1,88,2,96,1,97,5,102,1,111,1","fundraising,14,1,96,48,97,48,13,1","fund-raising,14,1,107,1,9,1","funds,96,20,97,20,102,10,108,10,112,2,113,13,116,5,9,1","furnish,112,1","furnished,102,1","further,7,1,90,1,11,1,87,3,91,2,93,3,95,1,106,1,102,3,103,1,107,5,108,2,110,1,111,2,112,1,116,1,3,1,9,1","furtherance,111,3,113,1","furthering,101,1,102,1,107,1,108,1,10,1","furthermore,90,5,96,1,97,1,106,1,104,1,105,1,110,1","futile,91,1","future,87,4,99,3,103,1,109,1,112,1","futures,112,1","fy,98,1","g-7,103,1,107,3","g-8,95,2","gã©rard,18,1","gabon,104,1","gained,14,1,87,1,13,1","gains,87,1","gambia,104,1","gambling,112,1","gamma,101,1","gandhi,87,1","gang,96,7,97,7","gangs,96,4,97,4","gap,90,1","gaps,98,2","garment,87,1","gas,99,1","gateway,96,1,97,1","gathering,88,1,91,1","gave,89,1,90,2","gazette,109,1,111,5,112,4,113,6","gdp,91,1,98,5","gem,112,1","general_vp_malik.pdf,89,4","generate,99,1,96,2,97,2","generated,90,1,116,1","generates,96,1,97,1","generation,99,3,96,15,97,15,10,1","generational,96,1,97,1","generator,98,1","genesis,91,1","geneva,87,1,100,2","genocide,99,2","gentlemen,91,1,93,1","genuine,87,1,93,1,95,1","genuinely,87,1","geo,18,1","geographical,93,1","geopolitical,90,3,95,1","geo-politically,93,1","georgia,104,1","gerard,2,1,4,1,7,1,18,1,99,8,92,4,9,1","gérard,92,1","german,95,1,104,1","germany,90,3,96,2,97,2,98,1,103,1,104,2,107,1,9,1,10,1","gestures,87,1","getting,87,3","ghana,104,1","gia,90,9","gicm,18,1","gift,112,1","girls,99,1","give,90,4,12,1,87,7,88,1,91,2,93,1,95,1,102,2,103,1,104,1,108,1,109,1,111,2,112,4,113,3,10,1","given,90,5,87,6,88,1,91,3,99,1,93,1,98,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,111,1,112,2,1,2,5,1","gives,90,1,99,2,95,1,101,1,102,1","giving,90,2,87,2,96,1,97,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","glad,95,1","global,7,3,90,13,12,1,88,3,91,5,99,5,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,105,2,107,2,110,1,116,1,6,1,9,1,13,1","globalisation,90,1","globalization,99,1","globally,91,1","globe,88,1","glorifies,16,1","glorifying,87,1","gnanam,96,1,97,1","gnanaseelan,96,1,97,1","goal,7,1,107,1","goals,102,1,1,1,5,1","godfather,96,1,97,1","going,87,5,91,1,99,7,93,1,98,1","gold,96,5,97,5","golden,87,1","goldsmith,96,1,97,1","good,90,3,87,1,91,1,99,1,93,2,94,1,102,2,108,1,109,5,111,7,112,4,1,1,5,1","goodneighbourliness,102,1","good-neighbourliness,101,1","goods,98,1","goodwill,90,1,93,1","got,87,3,99,1","governance,93,2,1,1,5,1","governed,101,5,107,1","governing,90,1,101,1,103,1","governm,113,1","government,7,1,90,1,18,2,21,1,87,28,88,4,91,2,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,3,106,1,101,4,102,4,104,70,105,1,107,3,108,3,109,6,110,1,111,9,112,23,113,22,115,1,6,1,8,2,9,3,10,1","government’s,7,1","governmental,95,1,102,1,111,2","governments,2,1,4,1,7,3,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,2,16,2,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,87,6,88,1,91,5,93,1,95,1,100,1,106,2,101,1,102,1,104,2,107,1,108,1,109,1,110,2,1,3,3,1,5,2,6,2,8,1,9,3,10,2,13,2","governments.â€�,10,1","governments’,2,1,4,1,1,1,5,1","governor,14,1,93,1,9,1","govt,98,1","govt.exp,98,1","grab,87,1","grade,98,2","gradually,87,2","grand,93,2","grande,18,1","grant,90,1,107,1,108,1,109,1,111,1,112,3,113,1","granted,90,1,99,5,100,1,108,1,109,2,112,1,9,2","granting,90,1,107,2,114,1,116,1","grants,104,1","graph,98,1","grappling,91,1,13,1","grasp,90,1","grateful,95,1","grave,87,1,100,3,106,1,101,3,102,3,110,1","gravest,101,1","great,90,2,21,1,87,1,95,1,104,4","greater,90,1,87,1,91,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,101,1,6,2,10,3","greatest,100,1,101,1,102,1,109,1,116,1","greece,103,1,104,1","green,96,1,97,1","greenland,104,2","grenada,104,1","grenadines,104,1","grew,98,1,106,1,110,1","grey,88,1","grievances,99,5","griffith,94,1","grip,87,1","grips,1,1,5,1","grocery,96,2,97,2","ground,101,1,102,3,108,2","grounds,90,1,99,1,100,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,4,108,1,110,1,112,3,116,1","group,7,1,90,9,18,1,87,6,88,1,99,2,93,1,95,5,96,12,97,12,98,3,100,1,101,4,102,3,103,5,107,3,108,3,111,11,113,2,9,1","grouped,87,1","groups,90,3,14,1,17,1,87,9,91,1,99,6,93,8,95,4,96,5,97,5,98,2,100,1,101,1,105,1,107,2,111,10,116,4,1,2,5,2,6,1,9,3,10,1","grow,87,1","growing,7,1,91,1,99,1,105,1,9,1","growth,88,1,91,3,99,1,96,2,97,2,98,14,1,2,5,2,9,1","gspc,90,2","guam,96,2,97,2","guantanamo,90,1","guarantee,90,3,87,1","guaranteed,100,1,101,1,102,1","guarantees,90,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,112,1","guatemala,104,1,105,1","guerrilla,18,1,99,5,92,1","guerrillas,18,1,92,1","guest,4,1,7,2,88,1,96,2,97,2,8,1,9,1","guidance,93,1,107,1","guided,87,1","guidelines,14,1,105,1","guilty,111,6,112,10,113,4","guinea,104,3,105,1","guinea-bissau,104,1","gulf,12,1,98,1","gun,93,2","gunaratna,2,1,7,1,18,2,9,2,13,1","guyana,104,1","h.e,87,2","h3c,103,1,105,1","habitual,100,4,106,1,101,1,102,1,110,1,113,1","habitually,101,1,102,1","habitualy,113,1","had,7,1,90,17,18,1,87,18,91,1,99,2,92,1,96,2,97,2,98,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,2,104,1,105,1,107,2,109,1,112,3,113,2,5,2,8,1,9,5,10,4","hadn,90,1","hague,90,1,18,1,102,1,104,1,108,1,113,1","haiti,104,1","half,87,1,99,1,112,1","hallmark,93,1","ham,96,1,97,1","hamas,99,1,98,1","hand,90,1,99,2,93,1,95,1,100,1","handed,90,1,87,1","handful,88,1","handicapping,91,1","handle,87,1","handled,93,1","handover,96,1,97,1","hands,90,3,87,1,95,1","hangawatta,13,1","hangawatte,9,1","happen,99,1","happened,87,2,99,1","happening,87,1","haq,98,1","harbour,91,1,111,1","harbouring,115,1","hard,87,2,88,1,93,3","hardcore,93,1","hard-core,93,1","hardly,99,1,13,1","hardship,91,1","hardships,87,1","hardware,98,1","harm,109,1","harmful,107,1,109,1","harmless,101,2","harmonized,105,1","harnessing,88,2","harrow,96,2,97,2","harvard,92,1","hasn,90,3","hauge,109,1","haven,90,1,11,1,93,1,116,1","havens,114,1,116,1","having,7,1,87,4,91,2,96,1,97,1,100,2,101,2,102,3,109,2,112,2,113,2,9,1","hawala,96,1,97,1","head,2,1,7,1,18,1,87,1,99,1,96,7,97,7,9,1,13,1","headed,96,7,97,7","headermain01_03.gif,44,8","heading,96,1,97,1","headquarters,89,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,103,3,105,1","heads,108,1,109,2","health,96,4,97,4,98,16,101,1,111,1","healthcare,98,1","healthy,93,1","heard,87,1,105,1","hearing,90,1","heart,90,2","heartening,91,1","hearts,87,1,91,1,93,1,10,1","heavy,90,3,98,1","hegemonic,96,1,97,1","heightened,18,1,88,1","held,7,1,90,1,87,1,99,1,96,4,97,4,106,4,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,4,105,3,107,2,108,1,110,4,115,1","helipad,104,1","heliports,104,1","helmand,99,1","help,90,3,87,5,88,1,91,1,99,1,95,1,107,1","helped,87,1,99,1,93,1","helping,91,1,99,2,95,3","hence,7,1,87,2","hereby,109,1,112,2,113,1","herein,101,1","hereinafter,100,1,108,1,112,1,113,2","hereinbefore,112,1","hereof,111,2","hereto,113,1","herning,96,1,97,1","herzegovina,104,2","hesitate,90,1","hesitation,87,1","heterogeneousness,90,1","hezbollah,99,1,98,1","hide,90,1","hiding,90,1","hierarchical,90,2","hierarchy,90,1","high,87,1,93,1,95,1,98,5,105,1,109,1,111,4,112,13,113,6,9,1","higher,98,4,106,1,110,1,112,1","highest,7,1,93,1,98,6,6,1","highjacking,99,1","high-level,103,1,105,1","highlight,1,1","highlighted,98,1,5,1,9,2,10,1","highlights,88,1","highly,90,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","high-risk,88,1","highway,98,1","hijacked,90,1,106,1,105,1,110,1","hijacking,90,2,11,1,106,2,105,2,110,2","him,89,1,87,6,99,1,100,4,107,1,112,3","himself,89,1,90,1,91,1,93,1","hinders,90,1","hindu,7,1,96,5,97,5","hiranthi,16,1,19,1,10,1","hiring,111,1","historical,90,1,87,1,93,1","history,90,1,87,1,93,1,1,1,5,1","hit,90,1,99,3","hoc,91,1,101,1,102,1,103,2,105,1,107,6","hoist,111,1","hold,91,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,108,1","holden,113,2","holders,88,1,102,1","holding,96,1,97,1,112,1","holdings,98,3","holds,90,1,18,1,94,1,112,1","holistic,93,1","holly,99,1","home,2,1,4,1,7,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,1,1,3,1,6,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,13,1","homeland,96,1,97,1","hon,4,1,17,1","honduras,103,1,104,1","hong,88,1","honor,93,2","honorary,89,1,18,1","honour,4,1,7,1,90,1,87,1,8,1,9,1","hope,91,2,95,1","hoped,9,1","hopeful,91,1","horizontal,90,1","horrifying,115,1","hospital,98,1","hospitals,95,1,98,1","host,7,3,87,1,96,5,97,5,6,2,13,1","hostage,11,1,91,1,100,9,109,1","hostages,90,1,21,1,100,10,102,1,108,1,113,1","hostages.pdf,100,4","hostage-taker,100,1","hostagetaking,100,1","hostage-taking,90,1,100,4,109,3","hostilities,98,1,102,1,113,2","house,112,1,113,1","households,98,7","houses,112,1","housing,87,2","however,90,7,16,1,87,2,88,1,91,2,99,1,93,2,96,2,97,2,98,2,106,1,100,1,102,1,103,1,105,2,108,1,110,1,111,2,112,2","howsoever,112,1","http,7,1,98,1,106,1,103,2,105,2,110,1","hub,96,2,97,2","human,90,10,15,1,87,4,99,1,96,8,97,8,98,7,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,107,1,108,1,114,2,116,1,1,3,5,3,10,1,13,1","humanely,93,1","humanitarian,96,2,97,2,101,2,102,1,108,1,111,1,114,1","humans,91,1","hundred,109,1,112,2","hundreds,88,1,93,1","hungary,104,2","hussain,11,1,8,1,9,1","hype,16,1","i.e,17,1,112,2","ï¨å´ì,111,4","ﯼæ,111,4","ï¼ìæâú,111,1","ìäå°éå¼û,111,5","iba,88,2","ibs,88,2","icao,103,23,105,14","icct,2,8,4,7,7,14,11,7,12,7,14,7,15,7,16,7,17,7,18,7,19,11,20,7,21,7,1,9,3,8,5,26,6,10,8,7,9,7,10,8,13,7","iceland,104,1","icj,105,3","icon,99,1","ideals,90,1","ideas,95,2","identification,88,2,101,1,102,4,103,4,105,1,108,2","identified,88,1,96,5,97,5,103,1,107,1,1,1,5,1","identify,14,1,17,1,87,1,96,2,97,2,103,1,107,1,108,1,112,2","identifying,112,1,10,1","identity,88,1,96,2,97,2,102,2,112,1,116,2","ideological,99,1,93,3,101,1,102,1,107,3","ideologically,99,1,93,1","ideologies,90,1,16,2,107,1","ideologues,93,1","ideology,90,4,99,2,93,3,10,1","idps,98,5","ïêë,111,5","ietc,103,2","ignorance,87,1","ignore,7,1","ignored,87,1","igp,13,1","ii,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,21,1,99,2,98,1,100,1,101,2,102,3,108,1,109,7,112,8,113,10,13,1","ii.pdf,104,4","iii,12,1,98,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,4","iiss,7,1","iit,18,1","ilford,96,1,97,1","ilities,101,1","illegal,7,1,87,1,93,1,95,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,1,107,2,112,1,116,2,9,1","illicit,93,1,102,1,116,1","illusive,96,1,97,1","illustrated,98,1","ilo,18,1","imho,96,1,97,1","immediate,90,1","immediately,88,1,106,1,100,1,101,3,102,2,103,2,109,1,110,1,112,1,113,1","immense,93,1","immensely,91,1","immigration,108,2","imminence,99,1","immovable,102,1,108,1,112,4","imo,106,12,110,12","impact,96,1,97,1,98,3,109,1","impede,108,1","impediments,91,1,9,1","impeding,102,2","imperative,90,1,9,1","imperatives.&lt,17,1","impersonations,87,1","impetus,95,1,9,1","implement,90,5,87,1,93,1,101,1,102,1,104,1,107,3,114,1,116,2","implementation,90,5,14,1,87,1,88,2,93,2,95,1,101,2,102,1,103,2,104,1,105,1,107,2,108,2,111,1,113,1,114,1,115,1,116,3","implemented,90,4,93,1,102,1,108,1","implementing,90,1,14,1,88,1,103,1,105,1,107,1","implicating,96,1,97,1","implications,10,1","implicit,100,1","imply,104,3","import,96,1,97,1,98,1","importance,12,1,87,1,88,1,99,2,93,1,95,3,108,1,109,1,114,1,1,1","important,90,2,87,1,91,1,99,5,93,7,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,107,1,110,1,8,1,9,2","importantly,91,1,93,1","imported,103,1","import-export,96,1,97,1","imports,98,1","impose,95,1,96,1,97,1","imposed,87,1,101,1,102,1,112,4","imposing,11,1,15,1,87,1,101,1,102,2,108,1","imposition,87,1","impress,87,1","impressed,99,1","impression,93,1","impressive,91,1","imprisonment,90,1,105,1,109,1,111,4,112,13,113,1","improbable,99,1","improve,108,2","improved,90,1,107,1","improvements-particularly,93,1","improving,107,1","impulses,93,1","inadequacy,98,1","inadequate,93,1,98,2","inalienable,107,1","inasmuch,101,1","inaugural,2,2,4,3,7,2,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,2,20,1,21,1,91,5,1,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,8,1,9,2,10,1,13,1","inaugural_session_03.gif,45,8","inaugurated,8,1","inauguration,7,1","incapable,105,2","incentives,87,1","incident,90,1","incidental,109,2,112,1,113,1","incidentally,99,1","incidents,98,2,13,1","inciting,116,1","inclined,93,1","include,90,1,99,1,96,2,97,2,98,5,100,1,101,1,102,2,103,2,107,2,108,2,109,2,112,1,113,1","included,93,1,106,2,100,1,101,1,102,2,103,2,104,1,105,3,107,1,108,1,109,1,110,2,8,1,10,2","includes,88,1,98,3,106,2,101,1,108,1,110,2,111,1,112,6","including,89,1,90,4,11,1,17,1,87,3,88,3,95,7,96,2,97,2,98,1,106,2,100,4,101,9,102,14,103,2,105,1,107,4,108,6,109,2,110,2,111,5,112,10,113,3,114,4,115,1,116,7,6,2,9,3,10,2,13,2","inclusion,88,1,107,1","inclusive,98,1","income,91,2,96,8,97,8,98,1,112,6","incomes,96,1,97,1","incompatible,100,1,101,1,102,1,109,1","inconsistancy,112,1","inconsistency,112,1,113,2","inconspicuous,96,1,97,1","incorporated,111,2,112,3","incorporation,102,1","incorporeal,112,1","increase,91,1,99,1,96,1,97,1,98,3,107,1,114,1,116,2","increased,91,1,98,3,108,1,115,1,116,1,1,1,5,1","increases,90,1","increasing,90,2,91,1,93,3,95,2,106,1,105,1,110,1,1,2,5,2,6,1,10,1","increasingly,90,2,91,1","incrimination,90,2","incriminations,90,2","incur,90,1","incurred,90,1,98,1,102,1,108,1,112,2","indenture,99,1","independence,99,6,100,1,104,3,107,1,111,2,9,1","independent,89,1,87,1,99,2,98,1,112,1,10,1","independently,90,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","indepth,90,1","index,98,3,112,1","india,89,4,12,1,18,3,87,7,99,3,93,15,95,2,98,5,103,2,104,1,108,1,109,12,8,1,9,2,10,1","india-maoist,98,1","indian,2,1,7,1,89,4,12,1,18,3,87,6,91,2,93,1,8,1,9,3","indians,87,1,99,1","india-sri,93,1","indicate,100,1,101,3,102,1","indicated,96,1,97,1,98,1","indicates,96,1,97,1","indicating,93,1,96,1,97,1","indications,98,1","indicator,98,1","indicators,91,1,98,2","indictment,112,1,113,4","indigenous,93,1","indirect,91,1,99,1,93,1,102,1","indirectly,15,1,102,2,108,2,112,7,113,1,116,5","indiscriminate,109,1","indispensable,87,1","indisputable,90,1","individual,7,1,90,5,87,1,99,1,108,1,112,1,115,1,116,1","individually,107,1,108,1,111,1","individuals,90,1,18,1,88,4,96,3,97,3,101,1,102,2,108,2,114,1","indoctrinated,90,1","indonesia,12,1,99,2,104,1,105,1,9,1,10,1","indonesian,90,1","indo-sri,87,1","indo-tibetan,98,1","industrial,18,1","industry,18,1,88,2,98,1,106,1,110,1","ineffective,103,1","inefficient,90,1","inescapable,90,1,8,1,9,1","inexpedient,109,1","infantry,89,2","inferior,99,1","infiltrated,96,1,97,1","infiltration,1,1,5,1","influence,90,1,16,1,96,1,97,1","influencing,16,1","influential,91,1","inform,96,2,97,2,101,5,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,3","informal,96,2,97,2,103,1","information,87,1,88,4,93,2,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,3,106,2,100,2,101,12,102,13,104,1,105,2,107,3,108,6,109,1,110,2,111,1,112,12,114,1,116,3","informed,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,101,2,102,2,104,3,113,1","infrastructure,15,1,96,3,97,3,98,4,107,1,10,1","infringements,90,2","infused,96,2,97,2","ingenious,14,1","ingoing,99,1","inherent,115,1,116,1","inhibit,16,1","initially,87,1,96,1,97,1","initiate,101,1,102,1","initiated,90,1","initiative,7,1,90,1,96,2,97,2","initiatives,12,1,87,1,93,2,95,1","injure,106,1,100,1,109,1,110,1","injured,106,1,110,1","injuries,90,1,96,1,97,1,98,2","injury,101,4,102,1,104,1,105,1,107,1,108,1,109,1,113,2","innocent,16,1,87,1,93,3,95,1,106,1,110,1,1,1,5,1","in-patient,98,1","inquired,109,1","inquiries,102,1","inquiry,106,1,100,2,110,1","insecure,93,1","insecurity,90,1","insertion,112,1,113,1","inside,95,1","insider,90,1","insight,88,1","insists,93,1","insofar,104,1","inspecting,96,1,97,1","inspector,9,1","inspectors,98,1","inspiration,90,1","inspire,9,1","inspired,90,1,101,2,102,2,108,2,109,2,112,1,113,1","instability,93,1","installations,95,1,107,1","installed,101,1","instance,18,1,99,5","instances,7,1,16,1,107,1","instead,95,1","instigate,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1","instigating,107,2,109,1,116,1","institut,18,1","institute,2,1,4,1,7,3,89,2,90,1,12,1,15,2,16,1,18,6,87,1,91,1,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,2,101,1,3,1,8,1,9,1,10,3","instituted,100,1,109,1,112,2","institutes,87,1,95,1","institution,99,1,112,20","institutional,90,2,93,1","institutionalisation,17,1","institutionalization,96,3,97,3","institutionalized,96,1,97,1","institutions,90,2,14,1,18,1,88,7,93,2,102,5,108,2","instructions,93,1,96,1,97,1","instrument,91,1,95,2,106,5,100,3,101,6,102,8,103,4,104,13,108,3,109,1,110,5","instrumentalized,99,1","instruments,90,4,95,1,100,2,101,3,102,6,103,2,104,1,107,5,108,8,109,3,111,2,112,3,114,1","insufficient,96,1,97,1","insurance,7,1,98,1,112,2","insurgencies,99,1,93,1","insurgency,18,1,88,2,99,2,92,1,93,2","insurgents,98,1","insurrection,99,2","insurrectional,99,1","insurrections,98,1","intangible,102,1,108,1,112,1","integral,93,1","integrate,90,1","integrity,90,1,87,1,93,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,2,109,1,111,3","intellectual,93,1","intelligance,112,1","intelligence,2,1,7,1,90,9,14,2,18,2,88,10,91,2,99,1,93,3,94,1,96,18,97,18,108,1,109,1,112,19,9,2,13,1","intend,90,1","intended,96,1,97,1,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,3,105,1,107,3,108,2,109,2,110,1,112,1,113,2","intends,96,2,97,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,111,1","intensified,98,1","intensify,102,1,103,2,114,1","intensifying,93,1,116,1","intensity,93,1,111,2","intensive,95,1,106,1,110,1","intent,96,1,97,1,101,5,107,2,109,1,111,2,1,1,5,1","intention,87,2,106,1,101,1,102,2,108,2,110,1,113,2,116,1","intentional,106,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,110,1","intentionally,90,1,106,1,101,2,105,1,107,1,110,1","inter,93,3,95,1,101,2,102,1,104,1,114,1","interaction,96,1,97,1","inter-alia,108,2","interchange,105,1","inter-communal,99,1","interest,90,1,87,1,102,2,108,1,112,5","interested,87,4,95,1,101,1,102,1","interests,101,1,109,1,111,1,112,4,7,2","interfere,90,2,111,1","interference,99,1,103,3,105,2","interfering,106,1,105,1,110,1","intergovernmental,100,3,101,1,102,1","interim,87,1,104,1","inter-linkages,15,1","intermediation,112,1","internal,90,10,93,2,98,1,100,1,101,1","internally,98,1,13,1","international,2,8,4,8,89,1,90,86,11,12,12,9,14,8,15,6,16,6,17,6,18,11,20,6,21,12,87,23,88,2,91,14,99,24,93,11,94,3,95,16,96,39,97,39,98,1,106,9,100,17,101,41,102,29,103,19,104,8,105,18,107,39,108,18,109,1,110,9,111,5,112,1,113,6,114,20,115,5,116,15,1,10,3,8,5,20,6,11,7,17,8,11,9,16,10,8,19,6,13,8","internationally,90,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,113,1,7,1","internet,90,2,99,2,96,1,97,1,112,1","interns,98,1","internship,94,1","interoperability,93,1","interpol,96,1,97,1,102,1","interpretation,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,110,1,112,2","interpretations,107,1","interpreted,101,3,102,1,104,2,107,1,108,3","interrogation,93,1","interrupted,87,1","inter-school,87,1","inter-state,93,1","intervention,99,1,96,1,97,1,9,1","interventions,90,1,99,1","intimation,109,1","intimidate,96,1,97,1,106,1,102,1,108,1,110,1,113,1","intimidates,111,1","intimidating,90,1","intimidation,90,1,87,1,106,1,110,1,111,1","intolerance,116,1","intolerant,99,1,9,1","intra-community,90,1","introduce,105,1","introduced,90,1","introduction,93,1,96,1,97,1","intrusion,89,1","intrusive,90,1","inuvil,96,1,97,1","invaders,95,1","invalidated,112,1","inventory,106,2,103,3,105,3,110,2","investigate,101,2,102,1,107,1,108,1","investigated,112,1,7,1","investigating,90,2,18,1,7,1","investigation,90,5,14,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,101,2,102,2,105,1,112,11,113,2,9,2","investigations,90,6,101,1,102,2,107,1,108,1,116,1,7,1","investigative,90,1,88,1","investing,96,1,97,1,112,1","investment,96,2,97,2,98,4,112,9","investments,15,1,91,1,96,3,97,3","investor,15,1","invests,112,1","invitation,87,1","invitations,101,1","invite,100,1,101,2,102,1,7,1","invited,2,1,87,1,88,1,106,1,110,1,7,1","inviting,90,1","invoicing,96,1,97,1","invoke,100,1","invoked,107,1","involve,93,1,106,1,110,1","involved,90,2,18,2,87,3,88,1,96,3,97,3,106,1,101,1,102,2,103,1,105,1,110,1,111,2,112,3,114,1,116,1,7,1,10,1","involvement,96,3,97,3,107,1","involvementâ€�,7,1","involves,102,1,108,1,111,1","involving,18,1,103,1,105,1,109,2,7,1","ion,101,1","ionality,101,1","ionizing,101,1","ipkf,87,2","ips,98,1","ira,90,4,17,1,99,1","iran,90,1,99,2,95,1,98,1,104,1,107,1","iraq,90,4,99,5,92,1,95,1,98,2,104,1","iraqi,90,1,95,1","ireland,104,5","irish,99,2","irish-american,99,1","irka,11,1,8,1,9,1","irrational,93,1","irregular,99,1","irrespective,93,1,112,1,114,1","irresponsible,10,1","irreversible,93,1","islamabad,108,1","islamic,90,5,18,1,95,1,98,2,104,1,108,1","islamist,90,27","islamists,90,2","islamiyah,99,1","islamyia,90,1","island,87,2,96,2,97,2,98,2","islands,104,8","ismail,89,1,18,1","isn,90,6","isolate,93,3","isotope,101,6","isotopes,101,2","isotopic,101,1","israel,18,1,99,1,104,6,10,1","israeli,99,2","issuance,108,1,116,1","issue,90,4,87,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,101,1,103,2,110,1,112,1,113,3","issued,96,2,97,2,106,1,101,1,107,1,110,1,112,2","issues,88,2,91,1,93,1,95,1,98,6,103,1,112,2,1,1,5,1,7,2,8,1,13,1","issuesâ€�,7,1","issuing,88,1,112,2","it.1,107,1","italian,90,1","italy,99,1,106,1,104,3,105,1,107,1,110,1","item,98,1,106,1,101,1,110,1,113,1","items,101,2,105,1","itro,96,1,97,1","its,89,1,90,34,15,1,21,1,87,10,88,4,91,6,99,9,93,10,95,7,96,2,97,2,98,5,106,11,100,13,101,27,102,34,103,9,104,4,105,12,107,10,108,11,109,7,110,11,111,1,112,7,113,4,114,5,115,4,116,11,1,4,5,4,6,1,7,3,8,2,9,4,10,3,13,3","itself,90,2,91,1,99,2,95,1,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,104,3,105,1,110,1,9,1","iv,12,1,98,1,102,1,108,1,109,2,112,4","ivoire,98,1,104,1","ix,109,1","jackal,7,1","jaffna,96,1,97,1,98,4","jai,90,1","jail,99,1","jamahiriya,104,1","jamaica,104,1","jameel,108,1","jamel,90,1","jammaa,90,1","jammu,89,1","jan,89,1,107,1","january,90,1,99,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,102,2,103,1,104,29,105,2,107,5,108,2,113,2","japan,90,2,99,1,103,1,104,1,107,1","japanese,87,2,99,3","jay,96,1,97,1","jayadevan,96,1,97,1","jayamaha,14,1,9,1","jayasekara,2,1,14,1,18,2,94,1,96,12,97,12","jayasekara.doc,94,4","jayasekara.pdf,96,4","jayasekera,9,1","jayawardena,8,1,9,1","jayawardene,11,1","jayawardhana-icct,19,1","jayem,96,1,97,1","jean,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1","jean-louis,2,1,4,1,90,22,11,1,18,2,7,1","jebsen,18,1","jemaah,99,1","jeopardise,109,1","jeopardize,106,1,101,2,102,1,110,1","jewellery,96,5,97,5,112,1","jewerelly,96,1,97,1","jews,99,1","jihad,90,1,99,1,98,1","jihadism,99,2","jihadist,99,7","jihadists,99,6","joan,14,1,9,1","job,87,1","jodhpur,12,1","join,87,1,99,1,95,1,107,1,111,1","joined,90,1","joining,9,1,10,1","joint,93,1,95,6,104,1","joints,95,1","jordan,90,1,99,1,98,1,104,1,107,1","jordanian,99,1","journalism,16,1,10,1","journalists,7,1","jude,19,1","judge,2,1,4,1,90,23,11,1,18,1,6,2,7,4,8,4,9,1","judgement,90,1","judges,4,1,90,26,11,1,6,1,8,1,9,1","judgment,90,1","judicial,90,12,100,1,114,1,116,1,8,1,9,1","judiciary,101,1,102,1","jul,89,3","july,90,1,87,1,99,1,104,25,105,1","jun,89,1,18,1","juncture,87,1,91,1,7,1","june,90,2,87,2,99,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,103,3,104,18,107,2","june-8,105,1","juridical,100,2","jurisdiction,106,2,100,6,101,12,102,13,105,5,107,4,108,3,109,1,110,2,112,1,113,2","jurisdictions,90,2","jurisprudence,90,2","justice,90,5,17,1,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,3,105,1,107,2,109,1,111,1,114,1,115,1,116,1,13,1","justifiable,101,1,102,1,107,1","justified,90,1","justify,90,1,87,1,95,2,107,3","justifying,100,1","jvp,98,1","kabul,99,1,92,1","kadai,96,1,97,1","kadirgamar,4,1,90,1,87,1,91,1,93,5,95,1,3,1,7,2","kadirgamarâ€�,6,1,7,2","kalaiyalagam,96,1,97,1","kalmunai,98,1","kandan,96,1,97,1","kandiah,96,1,97,1","kandy,87,1","kanpur,18,1","karachi,98,1","karainagar,87,1","kargil,89,2","karuna,87,1,98,1","karunamoorthy,96,1,97,1","karunaratne,9,1,13,1","kashmir,89,1,90,1,99,2","kasuri,108,1","kataragama,87,1","kathmandu,91,1,108,4,109,4","katmandu,93,1","kazakhstan,104,1","keeping,96,1,97,1,10,1","keeps,89,1","keerimalai,87,1","kelegama,2,1,15,1,18,2,7,1,10,2","kelegama.doc,98,4","kelegama.pdf,98,4","keliat,12,1","kenya,99,1,104,1","kept,93,1","key,88,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,10,1","kg,98,1","khadakwasla,89,1,18,1","khaleed,99,1","khan,89,1,18,1,108,1","khmer,9,1","khmers,99,1","khobar,107,1","khurshid,108,1","kidnapped,106,1,110,1","kidnapping,109,1","kidnappings,87,1","kilinochchi,87,1,96,11,97,11,98,3","kill,93,1,106,1,100,1,109,1,110,1","killed,99,5,96,1,97,1,98,1,106,1,110,1","killing,99,1,95,1,9,1","killings,87,3,99,1","killinochchi,96,1,97,1,98,2","kilometers,93,1","kilometres,90,1","kind,90,4,99,1,93,1,102,1,108,1,112,1","kinds,107,1","kingdom,90,1,18,1,103,1,104,22,105,5,107,1,108,1","kingsbury,96,1,97,1","kks,87,2","klass,90,1","know,90,1,87,1,88,2,99,1","know-how,90,1","knowing,90,1,87,1,112,2","knowingly,106,1,101,2,102,1,107,1,110,1,112,1,116,1","knowledge,90,1,87,2,91,1,98,2,101,1,102,2,107,1,108,2,111,1,112,5,113,2,116,1","known,17,1,87,1,91,1,99,2,96,7,97,7,106,1,110,1,112,6,7,1","knows,106,1,110,1,112,2","kohona,2,1,4,1,7,1,9,1,10,1","koneshwaran,96,1,97,1","kong,88,1","korea,104,4","korean,88,1","kosovo,90,1,99,1","kulam,96,1,97,1","kuleshnyk,11,1,8,1,9,1","kumar,96,1,97,1","kurd,90,1","kurdish,91,1","kurds,99,3","kuwait,88,2,104,3,107,1","kyc,88,5","kyrgyzstan,104,1","l.d,111,2,112,1","l.d.--o,113,1","l3,95,1","l5,95,1","label,99,2","labeled,99,2","laboratory,98,1","labour,98,11","lack,99,2,93,2,95,1,98,2,105,1","ladakh,89,1","laden,90,1,99,2","ladies,91,1,93,1","lag,98,1","laid,93,1,106,1,109,1,110,1,1,1,5,1","lakshman,4,1,90,1,15,1,87,1,91,1,93,5,95,1,3,1,7,3,10,1","lalith,111,1","lame,87,1","land,90,2,99,3,93,1,98,2","landing,105,1","lands,90,1,87,1,105,1","language,87,1,93,2,98,1,108,1,109,1","languages,87,2,88,1,93,1,112,1,7,2","lanka,2,3,4,3,90,28,11,2,12,1,14,4,15,5,16,3,17,1,18,4,20,1,21,6,87,45,91,26,99,13,93,11,94,1,95,6,96,16,97,16,98,32,104,1,108,1,111,26,112,27,113,30,1,2,3,1,5,6,6,1,7,9,8,1,9,7,10,6,19,1,13,3","lankaâ€�,17,1","lanka’s,2,1,4,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,20,1,21,2,1,2,3,1,5,6,6,4,7,6,8,1,9,1,10,1,19,1,13,1","lankan,18,1,87,4,99,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,10,1","lankans,87,2","lao,104,1","lapses,87,1","large,87,2,91,1,99,4,96,1,97,1,98,1,102,1,105,1,108,1","largely,90,1,91,1","larger,87,1,98,1","largescale,90,1","large-scale,90,1,93,1","largest,88,1,96,1,97,1,98,4","lashkar-e-taiba,93,1","lashkar-e-toiba,90,2","last,90,1,87,4,99,5,92,1,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,1,106,3,103,1,107,4,110,3,1,1,7,1,10,1","lasting,87,1,96,1,97,1,7,1,10,1","lately,90,2","lateral,106,1,110,1","latin,18,1,92,1,98,1","latrine,98,1","latrines,98,1","latter,90,4,104,2","latvia,104,1","launched,93,1,107,1,7,2","laundeering,112,4","launderers,88,1","laundering,90,1,21,1,88,4,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,107,2,108,4,111,1,112,58,113,3,13,1","launders,88,1","lauro,90,1,106,2,110,2","law,90,16,12,1,18,2,93,1,95,1,98,1,106,1,100,7,101,30,102,18,103,1,104,2,105,4,107,5,108,9,109,7,110,1,112,21,113,11,114,4,116,3,8,1,9,3","law.â€�,10,1","law-and-order,90,1","lawful,101,4,102,1,108,1,111,5,112,3,114,1,116,1","lawrence,96,1,97,1","laws,90,4,95,2,106,1,100,5,101,6,102,5,104,1,107,2,108,1,109,4,110,1,112,1,113,1,116,1","lawyers,112,1","lax,90,1","lays,105,1","lead,90,5,87,3,93,1,96,1,97,1,7,1","leader,2,1,90,1,17,1,18,1,87,10,99,3,96,1,97,1,111,1,10,1","leaders,90,4,87,2,99,1,93,1,96,3,97,3,107,3","leadership,89,1,90,3,87,1,99,3,93,2,96,8,97,8,6,1,7,1,9,2","leading,18,2,88,2,93,1,107,1","leads,90,1","learn,88,1,93,1,7,1","learned,99,1,101,1","learning,93,1,96,1,97,1","learnt,88,1","leased,105,1,113,1","leasing,111,1,112,1","least,102,2,103,1,112,1","leave,87,1,10,1","leaves,91,1","leaving,87,1","lebanon,99,1,98,1,104,1,107,1","lecturer,18,1,13,1","led,90,5,93,1","lefigaro,96,1,97,1","left,87,2,99,2,93,1","legacy,15,1","legal,90,25,14,1,17,1,91,1,93,1,95,2,96,2,97,2,106,4,100,1,101,11,102,23,103,9,107,11,108,17,109,2,110,4,111,2,112,7","legality,93,1,101,1","legally,111,2","legislating,107,1","legislation,90,5,91,1,101,1,102,2,107,1,108,2,9,1","legislations,90,2,21,2","legislative,90,7,21,2,87,1,88,1,113,1","legislator,90,2","legislature,101,1,102,1","legislatures,87,1","legitimacy,90,1,99,1,107,1","legitimate,99,3,93,2,96,2,97,2,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1,112,2","legitimately,112,1","legitimisation,17,1","leith,99,1","lender,109,1","lending,111,1","leone,98,2,104,1","leppabn.pdf,88,4","leppan,2,1,14,1,18,2,88,3,9,1","lerin,96,1,97,1","lesotho,104,1","less,90,1,99,2,98,2,111,2,112,2,113,1","lessee,105,1","lesson,88,1,91,1","lessons,2,1,4,1,90,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,2,18,1,20,1,21,1,87,11,88,1,1,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,2,19,1,13,1","lethal,107,1","lets,99,1","letter,87,5,93,2","letters,90,2,87,1,102,1,108,1,112,1","level,90,8,15,1,87,2,99,1,93,5,95,2,96,5,97,5,98,3,105,1,107,1,108,1,114,1,7,1,8,2,9,3,10,1","levels,12,1,93,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,105,1,116,1,6,2,10,2","lfs,98,2","liabe,113,1","liability,101,1,102,5,108,4","liable,102,2,108,2,109,1,112,8,113,1","liai,101,1","liaised,96,1,97,1","liaises,96,1,97,1","liaison,93,1,101,2","liberal,99,1,93,1","liberate,87,1","liberated,87,2","liberation,90,1,18,1,87,10,91,2,99,2,96,1,97,1,98,4,107,2,10,1,13,1","liberators,87,1","liberazione,98,1","liberia,104,1","liberties,90,2","liberty,100,1,101,1,102,1","libya,90,1,105,9,107,1","libyan,90,1,99,1,104,1,105,4","license,93,1","licensed,112,2","licensing,102,1","lie,90,1,109,2,111,1,112,1","liechtenstein,104,1,107,1","lien,112,1","lies,93,1,95,1,112,2","life,90,1,87,3,93,3,100,1,105,1,109,1,111,8,7,1,10,1","lifestyle,96,1,97,1","lifethe,89,1","light,89,1,14,1","ligun,12,1","lijun,8,1,9,1","likely,93,1,98,2,106,2,105,3,107,1,109,1,110,2,112,6,113,2","likewise,100,2,101,1,102,1","limit,106,1,104,2,110,1","limited,90,1,91,1,96,2,97,2,102,1,107,1,108,1,112,3","limitless,1,1,5,1","limits,98,1,106,2,103,1,104,1,105,1,110,2","line,98,1","lingual,93,1","link,93,1,9,1","linkages,93,1,96,1,97,1","linked,90,4,93,1,96,2,97,2","links,90,1,87,1,91,1,96,2,97,2","liquid,112,1","liquidity,96,3,97,3","list,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,103,1,104,1","listed,88,1,106,1,102,3,108,5,109,1,110,1","listened,87,1","lists,90,1,88,1,106,1,110,1","literacy,98,2","literature,88,1,7,1","lithuania,104,1","litt,18,1,94,1","little,87,1,91,1,99,1","live,87,1","lived,87,1","livera,9,1,13,1","lives,18,1,93,1,114,1,7,1","living,87,2,96,1,97,1","lkiirss,87,1,7,5","lkiirss@gmail.com,3,1","loan,112,1","lobby,99,1","lobbying,13,1","local,90,1,21,1,87,1,99,2,93,5,95,3,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,1,7,1,8,1,9,1","locality,91,1","locally,91,1,99,1","locals,93,1","located,96,2,97,2,102,2,108,2,113,1","locating,112,1","location,99,1,93,1","locations,90,1,96,2,97,2","lockerbie,103,1,105,2","logistic,96,1,97,1","logistical,90,11,18,1","logistics,90,1,99,1,96,1,97,1,6,1,8,1,9,1","london,90,2,88,1,99,2,96,3,97,3,106,2,110,2","long,90,6,87,1,91,2,99,2,93,2,1,1,5,1,7,1,9,2,10,1","longer,106,1,110,1","longest,93,1","long-term,16,1","looked,87,1","looks,99,1,98,1","loosely,96,1,97,1","loosen,87,1","loosing,99,1","lords,90,1","los,90,2","lose,87,1","losing,87,1","loss,90,1,18,1,98,9,107,1,112,2,7,1,10,1","lost,98,2","lottery,112,1","lotus,112,1,113,1","louis,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1","lower,98,2","lowest,98,2","loyally,90,1","loyalty,93,1","ltte,90,7,17,1,18,1,87,38,91,5,99,7,93,2,94,2,96,117,97,117,98,4,6,2,7,4,8,3,9,12,10,3,13,4","ltteâ€�,7,1","ltte’s,7,1","lucia,104,1","lucky,93,1","lucrative,96,3,97,3","lugano,88,1","lure,90,1","luxembourg,104,1","lying,113,1","lynton,96,1,97,1","lyon,103,1,107,1","macao,104,8","macedonia,104,2","machine,99,1,9,1","mackenzie,96,1,97,1","macquarie,2,1,14,1,18,1,94,1,9,1","macroeconomics,18,1","macro-finance,90,1","madagascar,104,1","madhu,87,1","madrid,90,1,99,2","magazine,18,1","maghreb,90,1","maghred,95,1","maghrib,99,1","magistrate,18,1,7,1","magistrates,90,1","magistrature,18,1","magnified,93,1","magnitude,91,1,99,1","magnus,7,1","mahatma,87,1","mahbub,98,1","maheswaran,96,1,97,1","mahinda,91,1,111,2","main,90,8,87,2,99,1,96,3,97,3,98,1","mainly,90,1,87,1,96,1,97,1","mainstream,17,1,1,1,5,1","maintain,96,2,97,2,102,1,103,1,108,1,9,1","maintained,91,1","maintaining,90,1,87,1,96,1,97,1,102,1","maintains,96,2,97,2","maintenance,98,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,111,7,114,1","majesty,108,1","major,90,1,88,1,91,1,99,1,93,3,98,2,107,1,7,1","majority,90,1,87,9,99,1,93,1,101,2","making,90,1,87,3,88,1,91,1,106,1,101,1,103,5,110,1,111,2,112,10,116,1","makkal,96,1,97,1","makmur,12,1","malawi,104,1,105,1","malaysia,96,2,97,2,104,1,10,1","malaysian,99,1","maldives,91,1,93,1,104,1,108,1","male,98,3","mali,104,1","malik,2,1,89,2,12,1,93,7,7,1,8,2,9,2,18,2","malik.doc,89,4,93,4","malta,104,1","manage,90,1","managed,90,2,96,1,97,1","management,90,3,96,8,97,8,102,1,103,1,108,1,111,1,112,6,7,2,18,1","manager,12,1,113,2","managers,96,3,97,3","managing,88,1,112,3","mandate,87,2,103,2,107,2","mandated,103,1,108,1","mandatory,87,2,104,1,105,1","maneuvers,10,1","mangala,16,1,10,1","manifestations,90,3,91,1,93,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,1,114,1,1,2,5,2,8,1,9,1","manifests,90,2","manifold,91,1","manipulation,90,1,99,1","manivannam,96,1,97,1","manmohan,93,1","mannar,87,2,98,4","manner,11,1,100,1,101,5,102,2,108,1,109,1,111,3,112,1,7,1,8,1,9,2,10,1","manoharan,96,2,97,2","manpads,105,2","manportable,105,1","manslaughter,109,1","manual,105,1","manufacture,106,1,103,3,110,1","manufactured,103,1","maoists,17,1,91,1,99,1","map,99,1","mapping,88,1","maquis,90,1","marathon,96,2,97,2","march,90,3,99,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,102,3,103,4,104,15,108,3,110,1,112,3,113,3","march-12,103,1","marga,16,1,98,1,10,1","marginal,99,1","marighella,99,1","maritime,90,2,11,1,91,3,106,17,102,1,108,1,110,17,113,1,9,1,21,1","mark,103,1","marked,103,2","market,96,2,97,2,98,1,112,1","markets,98,1","marking,90,1,103,16,107,1,21,1","married,87,2","marshall,104,1","martyrdom,93,1","martyrs,90,1","marxist,90,1,99,1","marxist-leninist,99,1","mass,90,1,99,5,93,2,95,1,106,2,110,2,116,1","massive,90,2,87,2","mastery,98,1","matches,87,1","material,90,1,87,1,96,1,97,1,106,3,101,26,102,1,107,1,108,1,110,3,112,8,113,1","materially,111,1","materials,90,1,87,1,93,2,106,1,103,1,107,2,108,1,110,1,116,2","mathematics,98,1","maths,18,1","matter,90,5,106,1,101,1,102,3,103,2,105,2,107,3,110,1,112,2,113,1,114,2,115,1,116,1","matters,87,1,93,1,103,1,109,2,112,2,113,2,114,1,116,1,9,1","mauritania,104,1","mauritius,104,1","maximum,101,1,112,1,1,1,5,1","maybe,87,1,99,1","mayhem,91,1","mean,87,1,99,2,104,4,108,2","meaning,87,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,112,4,113,1","meaningful,91,1,111,2","means,90,5,91,1,93,2,95,1,106,1,101,6,102,4,107,2,108,2,109,4,110,1,111,2,112,8,113,1,114,1,115,1,116,3,1,1,5,1,9,1,10,2","meant,107,1","measure,90,1,91,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,109,1,116,1","measured,90,1","measures,90,6,11,1,12,1,14,1,15,1,87,1,91,2,93,2,95,1,106,6,100,10,101,17,102,26,103,4,104,2,105,2,107,13,108,17,109,6,110,6,111,4,112,5,113,3,114,3,116,4,1,1,5,1,21,2,13,1","mechanism,93,1,95,1","mechanisms,93,1,95,1,102,2,1,1,5,1","medal,89,2","media,2,3,4,2,90,2,11,2,12,2,14,2,15,2,16,8,20,2,87,2,88,1,91,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,103,1,1,4,3,2,5,12,6,3,7,5,8,2,9,3,10,8,19,2,21,2,13,2,17,2,18,3","media_releases.html,6,4","media_releases_03.gif,46,8","media_releases1610.html,7,4","media_releases1910.html,8,4","media_releases2010.html,9,4","media_releases2210.html,10,4","mediating,16,1","medical,96,7,97,7,98,8,111,2","medium,96,2,97,2","mediums,96,1,97,1","meet,90,1,87,1,88,1,93,2,96,2,97,2,102,1,105,1,108,1,18,1","meeting,103,7,105,1,107,5,111,1,114,1,115,1,116,1","meetings,93,1,105,1","meets,90,1","melbourne,96,1,97,1","member,89,1,90,5,11,2,87,1,93,2,96,2,97,2,106,1,103,2,105,3,107,8,108,7,109,8,110,1,111,2,112,1,113,1","members,90,3,87,3,99,1,93,2,95,2,96,6,97,6,98,1,101,2,102,2,103,2,107,4,112,1,116,2,7,2,18,1","membership,103,1,111,1","member-states,95,1","memory,91,1,7,1","menace,93,1,5,1","menace.â ,1,1","mengistu,99,1","mentally,87,3","mention,95,1","mentioned,90,3,93,1,100,3,113,1,114,1","mentioning,99,1","mercenaries,91,1","merchant,106,1,110,1,9,1","mercy,87,1","mere,10,1","merely,87,2,91,1,96,1,97,1,9,1,10,1","message,90,1,91,1","met,101,1,102,1,103,7,107,3","metals,112,2","method,88,1,93,1,10,1","methodology,90,3","methodologyâ€�,10,1","methods,90,1,14,1,95,1,96,21,97,21,101,1,102,1,103,1,107,3,108,1,109,1,114,1,116,1,1,1,5,1","mex_database1.html,98,1","mexico,104,1","mfa,95,4","mhhdc,98,1","micro-finance,90,1","micronesia,104,1","microsoft,89,4,90,4,87,4,88,4,99,4,92,4,93,4,94,4,95,4,96,4,97,4,98,4,104,4,107,4","middle,90,2,88,1,91,1,95,1,98,1","midwives,98,2","might,16,1,99,2,107,1","milap,98,1","miles,87,1,95,1","milex,98,1","milf,90,1","milieu,93,1","militant,90,3,87,3","militants,90,5,99,3,93,1,95,1,8,1,9,1","militarised,90,1","militarist,93,1","militarized,98,1","military,89,1,90,8,91,1,99,2,93,6,96,1,97,1,98,14,101,3,103,1,107,4,7,1,13,1,18,1","millennium,90,2","million,91,1,99,1,96,1,97,1,98,1","millions,99,1,98,1","mind,87,1,91,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,108,1","mind.â€�,10,1","mindful,108,1,109,1,111,2,114,1","minds,87,1,99,1,93,1,10,1","mind-set,93,1","minimal,98,1","minimize,105,1,9,1","minimum,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,1","minister,4,1,91,1,93,3,108,6,112,17,113,16,6,2,7,12,8,1,9,3,10,2,17,1","minister_speech.pdf,91,4","ministerial,103,1,105,1,107,2","ministers,103,1,108,1","ministries,111,1","ministry,2,1,4,1,12,1,91,3,92,1,95,2,98,1,7,4,8,2,9,2,10,1","minor,90,1","minorities,87,2,99,7","minority,87,1,99,1,93,1,95,1","minutes,1,3","mirrors,96,1,97,1","misappropriation,96,1,97,1","misconstrued,88,1","misery,15,1,91,1","misleading,99,3","misled,7,1","misnomer,93,1","mission,95,1","missions,93,1,105,1","mistake,99,1","mistakes,90,1","mitigate,15,1","mixed,87,1","mixture,101,1","mn,98,8","mnlf,91,1","mobile,96,1,97,1","mobilising,16,1","mobility,98,1","mobilization,96,3,97,3,9,1","mobilize,90,1","mobilized,90,1","mobilizing,99,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","modalities,16,1,91,1,96,4,97,4,101,1,102,1,9,1","mode,90,2","model,90,1,87,1,91,1,99,1","moderates,87,1","moderation,17,1","modern,91,1,93,1,106,1,107,2,110,1","modernized,99,1","modes,90,2","modest,99,1","modification,14,1","modified,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","modus,96,1,97,1","moh,98,1","mohammad,99,2","moldng,106,1,110,1","moldova,104,1","monaco,104,1","monetary,102,1,108,1","money,90,2,14,2,88,4,91,1,93,1,95,1,96,21,97,25,102,1,107,2,108,5,111,1,112,74,113,3,9,1,21,1,13,1","money-laundering,116,1","moneytransmission,102,1","mongolia,104,1,105,1","monitor,90,1,11,1,14,2,88,1,93,2,102,1,108,1,116,1,10,1","monitoring,87,1,93,1,108,1,112,1","monster,93,1","montenegro,104,2","month,7,1","monthly,96,1,97,1","months,90,2,87,1,91,1,92,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,112,2,9,1","montrã©al,21,1","montrconv-2,105,1","montrconv-3,105,1","montreal,90,2,102,2,103,6,104,13,105,17,108,2,109,1,113,2","monument,90,1,7,1","moonesinghe,14,1,16,1,9,1,10,1","moral,87,1,107,1,17,1","moreover,90,6","moro,90,1,91,1","moroccan,18,1","morocco,99,1,104,1","morshed,108,1","mortgage,112,2","moscow,99,1","mosques,95,1","mostly,90,7,98,1","mother,99,1,96,4,97,4,98,1","motivated,106,1,110,1,116,1","motivation,90,1,96,2,97,2,114,1,116,1,9,1","motive,93,1,114,1","motives,90,1,101,2,102,2,104,1,105,1,107,1,108,2,109,2,112,1,113,1","moulds,93,1","mountain,89,1","movable,102,1,108,1,112,4","moved,91,1,96,1,97,1","movement,87,4,91,1,99,10,102,1,103,1,107,1,108,2,116,2,9,2","movements,90,3,99,10,92,1,93,2,95,1,102,4,108,3,116,1,1,1,5,1,18,1","movements_chaliand.pdf,99,4","movies,96,2,97,2","moving,89,1,106,1,110,1","mozambique,104,1","mr,2,3,4,1,12,1,14,3,16,3,87,3,93,5,95,1,3,2,7,2,8,1,9,6,10,6,19,6,13,2,17,1,18,4","mr_anandasangaree-icct.gif,48,8","mr_shyam-tekwani-icct.gif,49,8","mrjudebruguiere.gif,47,8","mrs,14,1,9,1","ms,11,1,8,1,9,2","msc,106,1,110,1,18,2","mtl71en.doc,104,4","mujahiddin,90,2","mujahideen,91,1","mullaitivu,98,5","multi,93,3","multiculturalism,93,1","multi-dimensional,98,1,10,1","multi-disciplinary,7,1","multi-faced,87,1,99,1","multi-faceted,14,1,10,1","multilateral,90,2,93,1,95,1,101,1,102,1,114,1,116,1,6,2,8,1,9,1,10,2","multi-lateral,93,1","multi-national,93,1","multiple,90,2,88,1,96,6,97,6","multiplicity,96,1,97,1","multi-pronged,93,1","multitude,91,1","muqqrin,99,1","murder,105,1,109,1","murdered,96,1,97,1","murders,96,1,97,1","musab,90,1","muslim,99,3","muslims,90,1,87,2,99,1","mussab,99,2","mustn,90,1","mutandis,108,3","mutant,90,1","mutatis,108,3","mutative,1,1,5,1","muthukrishna,15,1,10,1","mutual,100,1,101,5,102,9,108,8,109,1,112,2,113,1","mutually,96,1,97,1","myanmar,96,1,97,1,98,2,104,1,10,1","myriad,91,1","myself,90,1","n&e,98,1","n.a,98,4","na,98,6","nadesan,96,1,97,1","nado,108,1","nadu,87,5","nagadeepa,87,1","nagarathnam,96,1,97,1","nagorno-karabakh,99,1","nairobi,90,1","nam,91,1,104,1,107,3","name,87,1,99,2,93,1,102,1,104,2,111,1","named,90,1,91,1,112,1,7,1,18,1","namely,88,1,96,1,97,1,100,1,116,1","names,96,1,97,1","namibia,104,1","nangyang,18,1","nanyang,2,1,16,1,7,1,10,1,18,1","narcotics,91,1,93,1,96,4,97,4,108,1,13,1","nascent,91,1","nat,101,1","nathan,96,1,97,1","nation,89,1,87,1,91,1,93,2,111,1,1,2,5,2","national,89,3,90,6,12,1,91,1,99,1,92,1,93,8,95,2,96,1,97,1,98,9,106,3,100,5,101,20,102,4,105,1,107,4,108,4,109,4,110,3,111,9,112,3,113,2,114,2,116,2,7,2,8,1,9,1,17,1,18,3","nationale,92,1,18,1","nationalist,90,2","nationality,100,1,101,1,102,2,107,2,108,1","nationally,99,1,98,2","nationals,90,1,87,1,100,2,101,2,102,1,105,2,107,2,114,1,116,2","nations,90,12,91,3,99,3,93,13,95,3,100,16,101,20,102,20,103,1,105,1,107,2,108,7,111,4,112,1,113,5,114,7,115,3,116,6,1,1,5,2,8,1,9,1","nations.â ,1,1","nato,89,1,95,1","natural,93,1,100,2,101,2","naturally,93,1","nature,90,6,99,2,96,2,97,2,98,1,106,1,100,2,101,6,102,4,107,2,108,1,109,2,110,1,111,2,112,1,113,2","nauru,104,1","naval,95,1,106,1,110,1","navigate,106,1,110,1","navigating,106,1,110,1","navigation,90,1,11,1,91,1,106,11,102,1,105,2,108,1,110,11,113,1,21,1","navigation.pdf,106,4,110,4","navigational,106,1,110,1","navy,87,2,9,1","nazism,93,1","naziunale,98,1","nearest,100,1,101,1,102,1,112,2,113,2","nearly,18,1","necessary,90,7,87,2,91,1,93,1,95,2,96,2,97,2,98,1,100,5,101,9,102,12,103,2,104,2,107,1,108,5,109,2,111,2,112,7,113,4,114,1,115,1,116,3","necessitate,112,1","necessity,88,1,91,1,114,1,9,2","necessry,113,1","needed,90,1,87,1,102,1,103,1,10,2","needs,90,2,88,1,93,1,103,1","negative,15,1,16,1,93,1,98,1","neglected,93,1","negligibly,98,1","negociations,95,1","negotiable,102,1,108,1","negotiate,87,1,99,1,106,1,110,1","negotiated,7,1,9,1,10,1","negotiating,87,1,93,1","negotiation,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,103,1,105,1,107,1,110,1,17,1","negotiations,90,1,91,2,106,1,107,1,110,1","neighbors,93,2","neighbouring,90,1,15,1,87,1","neighbourly,109,1","neighbours,87,1","neither,87,2,93,2,95,1,112,1,113,1","n-emitting,101,1","nepal,99,1,93,1,98,7,104,1,108,1,10,2,17,2","nepal-maoist,98,1","net,98,2","netherlands,104,10,105,1,18,1","network,90,11,91,2,93,1,94,1,96,24,97,24,98,1,8,1,9,1,10,1","networks,90,31,88,2,99,8,93,5,116,1,1,1,5,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,13,1","networksâ€�,2,1,4,1","neutralisation,90,1","neutralization,90,1","neutralize,93,1","neutralized,90,2","neutralizing,90,1","neutron,101,1","nevada,9,1,13,1","never,90,1,87,5,91,1,99,2,9,1,10,1","nevertheless,90,5,99,1,106,1,110,1","new,89,1,90,13,87,4,99,3,93,2,95,6,96,2,97,2,106,9,100,2,101,2,102,2,103,3,104,2,105,3,107,1,109,1,110,9,112,4,114,1,115,1,116,1,7,1,18,1","news,96,2,97,2,103,1","newspaper,88,1,96,1,97,1,112,1","newspapers,88,1,7,1","newsweek,18,1","next,91,1,96,1,97,1,9,1","nexus,93,1","nicaragua,104,1","nicknamed,90,1","niger,104,1,105,1","nigeria,104,1","nihal,12,1,8,1,9,1","nine,99,1,92,1,106,1,108,1,109,1,110,1","nineteen,113,1","ninety-nine,113,1","ninth,103,1,113,1","no.07,21,1","no-commonwealth,112,1","nodes,96,1,97,1","nomenclature,96,1,97,1","nominated,87,1","nominations,103,1","nominee,112,1","non,91,1,106,1,110,1,1,1,5,1,13,1","non-accusatory,90,2","non-aligned,107,1","non-bailable,112,2","non-combatant,87,1","noncombatants,93,1","noncommonwealth,113,1","non-commonwealth,112,1,113,1","non-democratic,99,1","non-detectable,96,1,97,1","non-discrimination,108,1","none,90,1,101,1,102,2,108,3","non-finance,112,3","non-governmental,88,1,111,1","non-intervention,101,1,102,1,108,1","nonmilitary,106,1,110,1","non-muslims,90,1","non-political,91,1","nonproliferation,106,6,103,6,105,6,107,8,110,6","non-violence,18,1","nor,90,1,87,2,93,2,95,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,104,1,110,1,112,1,113,1","normalcy,91,2","normative,90,1","norms,87,1,102,1,104,1,114,1","north,90,1,87,14,99,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,30","northern,87,1,98,5,104,4","norway,103,1,104,1","norwegian,96,1,97,1","notably,90,9,8,2,9,2","notaries,112,1","note,91,2,98,8,104,16","noted,90,1,16,1,98,3,107,2,7,3,9,2,10,1","notes,98,1,106,1,104,1,110,1,116,1","noteworthy,13,1","nothing,87,1,91,1,99,1,93,1,100,1,101,4,102,3,108,2","notice,112,1","noticeable,96,1,97,1","notification,100,3,101,3,102,4,103,3,104,5,112,1,113,1","notifications,111,1","notified,100,1,104,2,109,1","notify,101,3,102,5,108,2,109,1,112,2,113,3","noting,101,4,102,3,9,1,10,3","notion,90,1,93,1,10,1","notions,93,1","notwithstanding,91,1,109,2,111,4,112,1,113,2,7,1,9,1","nourish,91,1","nov,89,1,18,1","november,99,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,2,103,1,104,33,107,2,108,1,109,4,110,2","nowacommon,1,1","npc,98,5","ntho,96,1,97,1","ntt,96,1,97,1","nuclear,90,5,11,1,91,3,93,1,95,1,98,1,106,4,101,33,102,1,107,3,108,1,110,4,113,1,116,1,21,1","nuclides,101,1","nudge,93,1","nuisance,99,1","null,104,1,112,2","number,90,1,87,2,99,4,93,1,96,4,97,4,98,4,106,1,102,1,103,2,105,2,107,6,110,1,1,2,5,2,18,1","numbers,90,1,87,1,98,1","numerous,90,2,88,1,99,3,107,1","nurredin,99,1","nurredine,99,1","nurses,98,1","nursing,98,1","nurture,91,1,93,1","nv,113,1","nventory,107,4","nwfp,89,1,18,1","nwhome_03.gif,50,8","oath,87,1","obey,90,4","object,100,1,102,1,111,1","objected,103,2,105,1","objections,105,1","objective,106,1,110,1,111,2,10,1","objective.â€�,10,1","objectives,90,1,108,2,1,2,5,1","objects,101,2","obligated,107,1","obligation,90,1,11,1,87,1,101,4,102,5,104,3,108,1,112,5","obligations,11,2,93,1,100,1,101,3,102,3,103,1,104,2,105,2,107,1,108,4,111,2,112,1,113,2","obligatory,111,2","oblige,104,1","obliged,87,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,109,1","obliges,90,1,108,1,109,1","observation,8,1","observations,105,1,7,1","observed,92,1,10,1,18,1","observer,89,1,92,1,95,1,18,1","observing,105,1","obsessions,99,1","obstacle,90,1","obstacles,98,2","obstructing,112,1","obtain,90,2,87,2,102,1,111,2,112,1","obtained,90,4,87,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,108,1,112,4,18,1","obtaining,101,2,102,3,108,1,116,1","obvious,90,1","obviously,90,1,102,1,108,1","occasion,90,1,87,1,101,1,102,1,107,1","occasional,102,1","occasions,99,1","occupation,95,2,100,1,107,3","occupied,101,1,102,1","occupying,95,1","occur,99,1","occurred,99,2,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,104,1,105,1,110,1,10,1","occurring,101,2","ocean,91,2,9,2","oceania,98,1","oceans,91,1","oct,89,1,8,1","october,2,4,4,1,90,24,11,2,12,2,14,2,15,2,16,2,20,1,87,9,91,1,99,9,93,7,95,4,96,14,97,14,98,1,103,2,106,2,101,1,102,1,104,21,105,1,107,1,110,2,114,2,115,1,116,2,1,1,3,1,6,2,7,2,8,3,9,3,10,3,19,1,21,1,13,2,17,2,18,1","octomber,6,4","ofac,88,1","off,96,1,97,1","offence,90,8,106,5,100,8,101,36,102,41,108,27,109,32,110,5,111,16,112,73,113,42","offencee,108,1","offences,90,11,106,3,100,18,101,28,102,39,104,1,108,20,109,10,110,3,112,4,113,9,116,1","offender,106,4,100,12,101,10,102,9,104,3,105,3,107,2,109,2,110,4","offenders,11,1,105,1,107,1","offense,106,5,105,4,107,3,110,5","offenses,106,9,105,4,107,8,110,9","offensive,112,1","offer,87,5,88,1,91,1,99,1","offered,87,4","offering,87,1","offerings,96,1,97,1","offers,87,1","office,11,1,87,4,94,1,96,2,97,2,103,1,105,1,107,2,111,1,112,1,8,1,9,1","officer,89,2,11,1,96,1,97,1,111,3,112,24,113,1,8,1,9,1","officers,87,1,98,5","offices,91,1,1,1,5,1","official,88,1,98,3,101,2,102,1,107,1,109,1,111,1","officials,90,1,95,1,101,2,102,2,105,1,9,1","officiating,108,1","offshore,112,3","often-antagonistic,90,1","oftenunacknowledged,90,1","oilrigs,90,1","old,87,3,99,1","oman,104,2,105,1","omnt,103,1","onboard,103,1","once,90,4,87,1,99,2,93,1,103,1,106,1,110,1","one.â€�,10,1","one-half,98,2","one-off,90,1","one-quarter,98,1","ones,90,2,91,1,99,1","oneself,90,1","one-stop,103,1","one-third,106,1,110,1","ongoing,91,1","onwards,104,2","open,90,1,87,1,88,4,100,2,101,2,102,3,108,1,109,1","opened,103,1,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,2,105,1,107,2,110,1,113,1","opening,88,1,102,1","open-source,88,1","operability,93,2","operable,93,1","operandi,96,1,97,1","operate,90,3,93,2,96,2,97,2","operated,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1","operates,96,2,97,2","operating,90,6,93,1,96,2,97,2,7,1,8,1,9,2","operation,89,1,90,3,93,1,96,5,97,5,106,3,105,1,108,1,110,3,112,4,113,2","operational,90,18,93,6,96,1,97,1,107,1,116,1,10,1","operationally,93,1","operations,89,1,90,5,91,1,99,1,93,6,94,1,96,27,97,27,105,1,13,2","operationsâ€�,14,1","operations­not,93,1","operatives,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,8,1,9,1","operators,96,1,97,1,103,2","opinion,90,3,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1,112,1","opinions,90,1","opium,112,1","opportunistic,90,3","opportunities,90,1,96,1,97,1","opportunity,87,1,91,1,95,2","oppose,87,1","opposed,87,3,106,1,110,1","opposition,87,4","oppressed,99,2","oppression,87,1","opted,87,1","optimal,93,1","option,87,2,100,1,101,2,102,2,109,1","order,90,22,87,1,99,2,93,1,95,5,98,1,106,1,100,2,101,3,102,1,104,2,107,1,108,3,110,1,109,1,111,6,112,63,113,21,114,2,116,3,1,1,5,1,9,2,10,1","orders,90,1,102,1,108,1,112,3","ordinance,111,4,112,3","ordinary,90,2,87,1,100,1","organisation,96,4,97,4","organisations,14,2,16,1,88,1","organised,11,1,109,1,112,1,1,1,5,1","organising,109,1","organization,90,15,87,1,99,3,95,4,96,7,97,7,98,1,103,3,106,3,100,4,101,3,102,4,104,1,105,3,107,2,108,1,110,3,111,5,112,1,113,2,6,2,7,1,8,2,9,2,10,1","organizational,96,1,97,1","organizations,90,14,87,2,88,1,91,3,99,2,93,2,95,5,96,10,97,10,103,4,106,3,100,2,101,7,102,3,105,3,107,6,108,1,110,3,111,4,113,2,114,2,7,1,9,1,10,1,18,1","organize,87,3,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,111,1","organized,90,1,99,4,93,3,95,1,96,2,97,2,101,1,102,1,108,1,116,2","organizer,99,1","organizers,115,2,116,1","organizes,101,1,102,1,108,1","organizing,87,1,91,1,93,1,107,2,116,1","organs,114,1","oriented,99,1","origin,90,3,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,3,108,1","original,90,2,99,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,112,1","originally,88,1,18,1","originals,108,1,109,1","ortho-mononitrotoluene,103,1","osama,90,1,99,1","oslo,87,3","ossetians,99,1","ostracized,96,1,97,1","otherwise,106,1,100,1,101,10,102,5,110,1,109,1,111,1,112,10,113,1","ourselves,90,1,99,1,8,1,9,1","out.â€�,8,1","outcome,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","outcomes,98,4","outer,106,1,110,1","outlawed,95,1","outlines,90,4","out-migration,98,1","out-patients,98,1","output,98,2,10,1","outside,90,2,99,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,105,2,108,2,110,1,109,3,112,1,113,1","outspoken,18,1","outstanding,96,1,97,1","overall,87,1,88,1,99,1,96,2,97,2,98,2,109,1","overcome,91,2","overcoming,91,1","overestimate,98,1","over-estimation,98,1","overkill,93,1","overlap,106,1,110,1","overlapping,88,1","overridden,112,1","overrun,93,1","oversaw,89,2","overseas,96,7,97,7,7,2","oversee,14,1","overt,96,2,97,2","overvalued,96,1,97,1","owe,90,2,93,1,8,1,9,1","owed,96,1,97,1","owing,101,2","own,90,2,15,1,87,5,99,2,95,1,96,1,97,1,105,1,112,1,7,1","owned,90,2,96,2,97,2,106,1,110,1,113,1,116,3","owner,112,1","owners,96,5,97,5,102,1","ownership,112,4","owning,101,1","oxford,98,1,18,2","p&gt,17,2","p.m,2,10,12,1,14,2,16,1,13,2","p.o,103,1,105,1","p65,112,4","pace,99,1","pacific,90,1","padmanaba,87,1","page,90,22,87,9,88,1,99,8,93,7,96,12,97,12,114,1","paid,90,1,91,1,112,4,7,1","pain,10,1","pakistan,89,3,99,4,95,1,98,5,104,1,107,3,108,2,10,1,18,1","pakistani,90,3","pakistan--is,93,1","palau,104,1","palestine,90,1,99,1,98,1","palestinian,90,1,99,1,98,1","palestinians,99,1","palitha,2,1,4,1,7,1,9,1,10,1","palithakohona.jpg,51,8","palk-strait,87,1","pan,103,1,105,1","panama,104,1","panel,2,8,12,3,15,3,16,3,103,3,1,1,7,1,8,2,9,3,11,3,13,3,14,3,17,3","panel01.html,11,4","panel02.html,12,4","panel03.html,13,4","panel04.html,14,4","panel05.html,15,4","panel06.html,16,4","panel07.html,17,4","panic,99,1","paper,96,2,97,2,7,1","papers,116,2","papua,104,1,105,1","paradoxically,99,1","paragraph,87,1,103,3,106,2,100,15,101,26,102,29,104,5,105,4,107,1,108,12,110,2,112,5,113,3,114,1","paragraphs,100,1,101,5,102,6,113,1","paraguay,104,1","parallel,96,1,97,1","param,89,1","parameters,103,1","paramilitary,93,1,98,3","paramount,90,1","parasitic,96,1,97,1","paris,90,5,92,1,96,6,97,6,107,1,18,2","park,96,2,97,2","parliament,87,11,109,1,112,4,113,4","parliamentary,87,2","parliaments,87,1","part,90,4,99,2,93,1,96,4,97,4,101,1,102,2,105,1,107,1,108,1,111,7,112,17,113,6,18,1","partial,107,1","participants,2,2,4,1,12,1,15,1,16,1,20,1,95,1,107,1,1,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,7,2,8,1,9,1,10,2,11,1,19,1,21,1,13,1,14,1,17,1,18,1","participants.html,18,4","participants_03.gif,52,8","participate,90,1,93,1,107,2,116,2","participated,107,1,114,1,116,1","participates,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,116,1","participating,107,1,109,2,112,1,116,1","participation,90,2,87,2,95,1,98,5,101,1,102,1,114,1","particle,103,1","particles,101,1","particular,90,3,87,2,95,1,103,1,100,3,101,7,102,6,107,2,108,2,111,2,114,2,115,1,1,2,5,2,11,1","particularly,90,13,91,1,99,3,100,1,108,2,111,2,114,1,116,1,1,1,5,1,7,3,17,1","particulars,112,2","parties,90,2,87,3,99,1,103,11,106,9,100,15,101,42,102,35,104,3,105,8,107,11,108,16,110,9,109,2,112,2,113,1,114,2,116,1,9,1,11,1","partisan,90,1","partner,90,1,93,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,111,1,112,2","partners,90,1,93,2,96,2,97,2","partnership,95,2,111,2,112,2","partnerships,90,2","parts,87,4,93,1,96,1,97,1,111,4","party,87,3,91,3,99,1,98,2,103,1,106,7,100,22,101,42,102,47,105,1,107,2,108,20,110,7,111,2,113,2,21,3","pashto,88,1","pasikuda,87,1","passage,106,1,110,1","passed,87,1,103,1","passengers,106,4,104,1,110,4","passes,91,1,9,1","passing,90,2","passive,96,1,97,1,116,1","passport,90,1,96,1,97,1","past,90,1,87,8,88,1,99,1,92,1,98,1,7,2,18,1","path,90,1,91,1,99,2,98,1,9,1","patient,93,1","patronage,96,1,97,1","pattern,96,1,97,1","patterns,88,1,102,1,108,1","pay,96,1,97,1,102,1,114,1","payable,112,1,113,1","paying,108,1,11,1","payment,96,1,97,1,112,1","pc-s-sec,90,1","pdf,114,4,115,4","pdf.p65,113,4","peace,90,4,87,5,99,2,92,1,93,1,94,2,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,109,2,111,2,114,5,115,2,116,2,9,2,10,2,17,2","peace.â€�,10,1","peaceful,93,1,101,4,111,4","peak,98,1","peculiar,87,1,10,1","pedro,15,1,87,1,10,1","peg,98,1","penal,90,4,111,1,112,1,113,1","penalized,90,1","penalties,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,105,1,107,1,110,1","pending,114,1","penetration,103,1","pennsylvania,115,1,116,1","people,87,24,88,1,91,2,99,2,93,6,95,1,98,1,104,12,107,1,108,2,115,1,9,1,10,1,18,1","peoples,87,1,91,1,95,1,100,2,101,1,102,1,107,2","pep,88,4","peps,88,2","per,90,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,48,101,1","percentage,98,4","perceptual,93,2","perera,91,1","perfect,98,1","performance,101,1,102,1,108,1,112,4","performing,105,1","peril,90,1","period,90,1,87,4,91,1,99,1,96,2,97,2,98,7,106,1,110,1,112,13,113,2,9,1","periodic,96,2,97,2,108,1","periods,112,1","permanent,90,1,101,1,102,1,105,1","permanently,103,1,106,1,110,1","permit,112,3","permits,112,2","permitted,87,1,101,2,102,1,109,1","permitting,91,1,112,1,113,1","perpetrate,109,1","perpetrated,90,4,111,2","perpetration,100,1,101,1,107,1,111,2,116,1","perpetrators,99,1,101,1,102,1,109,1,114,1,115,2,116,2","persecution,104,1","persian,98,1","persistent,15,1","person,90,1,87,2,93,1,95,2,96,1,97,1,98,1,106,6,100,13,101,49,102,47,104,1,105,3,107,10,108,11,110,6,109,8,111,27,112,80,113,19,116,1","persona,96,1,97,1","personal,90,1,96,3,97,3,101,1,102,1","personalities,91,1,7,1","personnel,96,1,97,1,98,3,103,1","persons,90,1,87,2,88,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,103,1,106,1,100,3,101,6,102,5,104,1,105,1,107,5,108,2,110,1,109,2,111,20,112,13,113,7,114,1,116,13","perspective,90,1,87,1,88,2,98,1,7,1,10,1","persuade,87,1,105,1,9,1","persuaded,87,1","persuasion,93,1","pertaining,95,1","perth,96,1,97,1","pertinent,108,1","peru,99,1,103,1,104,1,105,1","pesos,98,1","peter,7,1","pflp,98,1","pharmacists,98,1","phase,96,1,97,1","phenomena,90,2","phenomenon,90,2,99,4,91,2,93,1,96,1,97,1","philippines,90,1,99,1,98,1,104,1,10,1","philosophical,101,1,102,1,107,3","phone,96,8,97,8,98,1","phone-tappings,90,1","photojournalist,18,1","physical,90,1,15,1,93,1,98,1,101,3,102,2,108,1,113,1,10,1","physically,87,1,99,1","physiotherapists,98,1","pic01_10.jpg,53,8","picked,98,1","pick-up,98,1","pict,94,1,18,1","picture_03.gif,54,8","picture_06.gif,55,8","picturegallery.html,19,4","pictures,2,1,4,1,15,1,16,1,3,1,5,1,11,1,21,1,17,1,18,1","picturesâ»,1,1,6,1,12,1,13,1,14,1","pij,98,1","pilgrimages,87,1","pim,18,1","pin,96,3,97,3","pioneering,88,1,91,2","piracy,96,1,97,1,13,1","pivotal,91,1","pkk,90,1,91,1","place,90,5,87,2,99,1,91,1,96,4,97,4,98,3,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,105,3,107,2,110,1,109,2,115,1,116,1,9,1,14,1","placed,88,2,106,1,101,1,105,1,110,1","placement,112,1","places,87,1,99,1,1,1,5,1","placing,106,1,105,2,107,1,110,1","plague,91,1","plan,93,2,103,1,105,3,107,1,111,1,114,1,116,2","plane,90,2,99,1","planes,90,1","planned,90,6,99,1,116,1","planning,89,2,90,1,92,1,96,1,97,1,116,2","plans,87,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,6,2,7,2","plant,101,1","plastic,90,2,103,23,21,1","plastic-1,103,1","plastic-2,103,1","plastic-3,103,1","platforms,106,3,102,1,108,1,110,3,113,1","play,90,2,16,1,88,1,93,2,95,1,10,1","played,90,2,99,1,91,3","players,90,1,93,1","playing,16,2,91,1","plays,90,2","pleaded,87,1","pleading,87,1","pledged,90,3,10,1","pledges,91,1","plenary,1,1","plo,99,1,17,1","plote,87,1","ployees,102,1","pluralism,93,1","plus,88,1,93,1","plutonium,101,1","plutonium-238,101,1","pm,2,2","pockets,90,1","point,90,2,15,1,87,2,99,1,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,3,103,1,106,1,105,2,110,1,10,1","pointed,9,1,10,3","points,93,2,98,1,101,3","poisons,112,1","poland,104,2,105,1","polarization,93,1","police,90,9,87,3,99,3,93,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,98,2,103,1,106,1,102,1,110,1,112,14,9,1","policemen,95,1","polices,99,1","policies,103,1,105,1,1,1,5,1","policing,2,1,94,1,96,12,97,12,9,1,14,1,18,1","policy,2,1,90,5,15,1,87,2,99,1,93,1,94,1,95,2,106,1,110,1,7,1,9,1,10,1,17,2,18,3","political,2,1,90,23,16,2,87,2,99,6,91,2,93,10,94,1,96,5,97,5,100,3,101,8,102,8,104,2,105,1,107,8,108,8,109,8,111,5,112,3,113,4,116,1,1,2,5,2,7,2,9,4,12,1,13,1,17,2,18,1","politically,90,1,88,1,93,2,111,2","politicians,87,1","politicomilitary,90,1","politics,87,3","politiques,18,1","polity,13,1","polymorphous,90,4","pool,93,1,96,1,97,1","poor,98,3","poorest,98,2","populace,87,1,93,1","popular,99,1,98,1","population,90,1,93,2,95,1,98,4,106,1,102,1,108,1,110,1,111,1,113,1","populations,90,1,15,1","porous,93,1","port,106,1,110,1","portal,98,2","portfolio,112,1","portfolios,96,1,97,1","ports,87,1","portugal,104,4","portuguese,104,3","pose,101,1","posed,2,1,4,1,90,1,99,12,93,2,106,1,105,2,110,1,109,1,116,1,1,2,5,2,6,1,7,1,10,1,13,1","poses,95,1","position,99,1,91,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,108,1,112,1,10,1","positions,95,1,96,1,97,1","possess,101,1,111,1","possesses,101,2,112,1","possession,93,1,103,1,101,6,102,1,108,1,112,6,113,1,116,2","possibility,91,1,95,1","possible,90,1,87,1,99,2,93,2,96,2,97,2,100,1,101,3,102,1,107,3,108,1,116,1,1,1,5,1,7,1,9,1","possibly,96,1,97,1,105,1,7,1,18,1","post,87,2,91,1,96,1,97,1","post-9,88,1","postage,112,1,113,1","post-blast,107,1","post-cold,90,1","posted,89,1","postgraduate,94,1","post-graduate,18,1","postindependence,99,1","potential,90,1,95,2,98,2,101,1,7,1","potentially,93,1,116,1","poverty,95,1,98,2,15,1","power,90,1,87,4,99,1,93,5,98,5,102,1,112,2","powerful,90,3,99,1","powers,90,1,99,1,96,1,97,1","pp,98,1","pp257,98,1","prabaharan,87,3","prabhakaran,99,3,9,2","practicable,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,110,1,112,1","practical,90,2,91,1,95,2,101,1,107,1,108,1","practices,88,1,103,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,109,1,114,1,116,1","preaching,90,1","preamble,90,1,102,1,113,1","precarious,87,1","precautionary,109,1","preceded,90,1","precedence,90,1","precedent,99,1","precious,112,2","precise,99,1","precisely,90,2","preclude,101,1","precluding,101,1","pre-conflict,98,1","predecessor,91,1","predicate,108,3","predictable,96,1,97,1","predicted,90,1,99,1,98,1","predicting,99,1","predominant,87,1","pre-election,87,1","preemployment,103,1","pre-established,90,1","preferred,112,4,113,7","prejudice,100,1,101,2,102,5,108,4,112,2,113,1","prejudiced,100,1,112,2","prejudices,87,1","prejudicial,111,1","preliminary,90,1,106,2,100,2,105,1,110,2","prelude,9,1","pre-meditated,93,1","premise,90,1","premises,101,1,102,1,112,1,113,2","premiums,96,1,97,1","pre-paid,96,1,97,1","preparation,87,1,103,2,107,1,108,1,111,1,114,1,116,2","preparations,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,110,1","prepare,87,1,99,1,106,1,110,1,112,1","prepared,87,3,103,1,107,1","preponderance,93,1","prescribed,103,1,106,1,108,1,110,1,112,4","prescription,90,1","prescriptions,90,1","presence,99,1,91,1,95,1,96,3,97,3,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,2,110,1,109,1","present,87,1,99,1,91,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,100,5,101,36,102,11,104,1,105,2,107,3,112,1,113,1,7,1","presentation,98,2,1,1","presented,96,1,97,1,103,1,7,1","presently,91,1","presents,90,1","preserved,90,1","presided,10,1","president,89,1,90,1,87,3,91,1,111,7","presidential,95,1","press,87,1,98,1","pressing,91,1","pressure,96,1,97,1,105,1","pressures,93,1","pressurize,87,2","prestige,99,1","prestigious,99,1","presume,112,1","presumed,90,2","presumption,112,1","prevail,112,2,113,2","prevarications,90,1","prevent,90,4,87,3,93,3,103,5,106,4,100,2,101,2,102,4,105,2,108,8,110,4,111,4,112,2,113,1,114,4,115,1,116,9,9,1","prevented,87,1,109,1","preventing,90,1,87,1,103,1,101,1,107,1,109,1,112,1,113,1,116,1","prevention,90,4,88,1,91,1,103,2,106,1,100,2,101,2,102,6,105,2,107,4,108,2,110,1,109,1,111,5,112,29,113,2,8,1,9,1,11,2,21,2","preventive,93,1,98,2,103,1,107,1","prevents,87,1","previous,90,1,87,1,99,1,106,1,110,1,109,2","previously,90,2,112,1,7,1","prevoiusly,113,1","prey,10,1","price,112,1,113,1","prices,98,2","pride,89,1,87,1","primarily,90,1,93,2","primary,87,1,98,1,101,1,105,1","prime,93,1,7,1","principal,2,9,4,1,16,1,96,3,97,3,111,2,1,2,7,1,9,1,10,5,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,2,17,1","principe,104,1","principle,90,2,99,1,93,1,106,1,100,1,104,1,105,1,107,2,110,1,116,1","principled,107,1","principles,90,3,95,1,106,1,100,3,101,3,102,5,107,1,108,7,110,1,109,2,112,1,113,2,114,1,115,1,116,2,17,1","print,87,1","printed,111,1,112,2,113,2","printing,111,1,112,1,113,1","prior,88,1,98,2,103,1,102,1,104,2","priorities,90,1,95,1","priority,90,2,91,1,103,1,107,1,114,1","private,89,1,90,2,96,2,97,2","privilege,90,1,112,1","privy,87,1","prize,18,1","proactive,90,2,10,1","proactively,10,1","probabilities,112,2","probable,99,1","probably,90,1,99,2","problem,90,2,87,6,99,2,93,4,106,1,110,1,109,1,111,4,1,1,5,1,7,2,10,3,15,1","problems,89,1,90,2,87,2,91,1,95,3,13,1","procedural,90,1","procedure,90,4,109,1,112,1,116,1","procedures,90,6,93,2,106,3,101,1,102,1,110,3","proceed,90,3","proceeding,93,1,101,1,102,1,109,2","proceedings,90,1,106,1,100,7,101,8,102,7,105,1,108,2,110,1,109,2,112,4,116,2,7,1","proceeds,102,2,108,3,112,4,113,1","process,87,2,99,1,93,1,94,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,101,1,112,1,113,1,7,1,9,2,10,1,14,1,17,2","processes,93,1,96,5,97,5","processing,101,1","pro-chancellor,8,1,9,1,12,1","proclaimed,90,1,107,1","proclamation,111,1","proclamations,111,1","procurement,96,16,97,16,13,1","produce,99,1,93,1","produced,90,1,112,1","producer,103,2","producers,98,1","production,87,1,93,1,101,1","productive,93,1,95,1,15,1","products,112,1","prof,92,4,8,3,9,4,10,2,11,1,12,2,13,1,15,1,17,1,18,1","prof_gerard_chaliand.pdf,92,4","profession,112,1","professional,93,1","professionalism,9,1","professionals,88,1,93,1,112,1","professions,102,1","professor,2,1,16,1,92,1,7,1,10,2,11,1,15,1,18,1","profile,88,4,96,1,97,1","profiled,88,1","profitable,96,1,97,1","profusely,87,1","program,99,1,103,2,107,1,3,1","programme,4,1,16,1,20,1,91,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,116,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,19,1,21,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,17,1,18,1","programme_03.gif,56,8","programmes,108,1","programs,93,1,106,1,110,1","progress,91,1,96,1,97,1","progression,96,3,97,3","prohibit,103,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,111,1,112,1,113,1,116,1","prohibited,95,1,101,1,112,1","prohibiting,102,1,107,1,112,1","prohibition,111,1,21,1","prohibits,107,1","project,90,2,87,1,96,1,97,1","projected,96,1,97,1","projects,87,1,107,1","proliferation,93,1,106,1,110,1","pro-ltte,87,2","prominent,7,1","promote,90,4,87,2,107,1,108,3,111,1,114,1,1,1,5,1","promotion,95,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,18,1","prompted,7,1","promptly,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,1","pronounced,90,1","proof,90,4,102,1,112,1","proofs,90,1","propaganda,95,1,96,2,97,2,13,1,16,1","propagates,111,1","propel,101,1","proper,98,1,102,1,108,1","properly,93,1,112,1","properties,101,2","property,101,4,109,2,111,1,112,41,113,1,116,1,1,1,5,1","proportion,87,2,98,1","proportional,87,1","proportionate,102,1,108,1","proposal,87,7,106,1,102,1,110,1","proposals,87,2,95,1,91,2,103,2,106,1,102,1,110,1","propose,103,1,101,1,102,1","proposed,91,1,103,2,106,2,101,2,102,2,107,3,110,2,116,1,1,1,7,3","proposes,112,3,113,1","proprietary,88,1","proscribe,9,1","prosecute,90,1,100,1,104,1,105,1,107,2,108,2,109,1,11,1","prosecuted,100,2,101,2,102,2,107,1,112,1","prosecuting,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1,110,1","prosecution,90,1,93,1,106,1,100,2,101,6,102,5,104,2,105,3,107,1,108,1,110,1,109,7,112,14,113,3,114,1","prosecutions,102,1","prosecutor,96,1,97,1","prosecutors,90,1","prospect,7,1","prospective,106,1,110,1","prospects,89,1,87,1,93,1,1,1,5,1,17,1","prosperity,91,1","prosperous,87,1","protect,87,1,93,1,101,2,102,1,104,1,105,1,113,1,114,1","protected,90,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,113,1","protecting,90,3","protection,90,3,87,1,96,1,97,1,100,2,101,4,102,1,105,1,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,1,1,1,5,1","protectorate,104,1","protested,99,1","protesting,87,1","protests,18,1","protocol,90,3,91,1,93,1,106,14,100,1,102,2,104,1,108,37,110,14,113,2,21,1,12,1","protocols,91,1,106,8,100,2,107,4,110,8,116,2","prove,87,1,112,1","proved,90,1,112,1,113,1","proven,90,1","proves,90,1,95,1,111,1,112,1","provide,87,2,91,1,93,4,96,3,97,3,106,2,101,4,104,1,107,1,108,2,110,2,111,2,112,2,113,1,116,1","provided,90,2,95,2,96,8,97,8,100,3,101,3,102,3,107,1,108,1,111,4,112,5,113,2,18,1","provider,88,1,112,1,18,1","providers,98,1","provides,88,2,91,1,96,7,97,7,102,1,107,2,108,1,112,1,113,1,13,1,14,1","providing,87,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,107,3,109,1,111,1,112,1,113,3,116,1","province,87,2,91,1,98,7,113,1","provinces,87,1,99,1,98,5","provision,101,1,102,1,105,1,108,2,111,1,112,4,113,2,116,2","provisional,98,1,116,1","provisions,90,3,87,1,93,1,103,1,106,2,100,5,101,8,102,7,104,6,107,6,108,7,110,2,109,7,112,24,113,4,114,2,116,1","proviso,100,1","provoke,101,1,107,2","proxy,93,1","prticipants,19,2","psychological,99,1,93,3","psychotropic,108,1","pt,87,1","public,90,7,99,2,96,1,97,1,98,6,101,2,102,2,107,4,111,17,112,1,1,1,5,1,18,1","publication,103,1,112,2,113,2","publications,88,1,112,2,113,2,12,1,18,1","publicity,96,1,97,1,113,1","publicly,88,1","published,91,1,96,2,97,2,101,1,105,1,109,1,111,1,112,4,113,5,7,1","publishing,88,1","pudasaini,10,1,17,1","puerile,93,1","pune,89,1","punish,108,1","punishable,90,1,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,1,110,1,112,1","punished,101,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","punishing,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1","punishment,90,1,100,1,101,1,102,2,105,1,108,1,109,2,112,1,113,1,116,1","punjab,89,1,93,1","purchase,96,2,97,2,112,1","purchased,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,1","purchaser,112,1","purchases,96,1,97,1","pure,93,1","purported,111,2,112,4","purports,104,1","purpose,90,1,87,1,88,1,93,2,96,1,97,1,103,15,106,2,100,3,101,8,102,11,104,2,105,1,107,4,108,13,110,2,109,4,111,2,112,5,113,6,114,1,116,1,21,1","purposes,90,3,96,2,97,2,106,1,100,3,101,13,102,12,107,3,108,5,110,1,109,2,111,3,112,4,113,5,115,1,116,3","pursuance,109,2,113,1","pursuant,100,1,101,8,102,3,107,1,112,3","pursue,90,1,1,1","pursued,5,1","pursuit,93,2","putting,87,1","pvsm,89,1","pyramid-like,90,1","qaïda,99,7","qaïdaism,99,2","qatar,104,1,105,1,107,1","qualified,90,1,95,1","quality,98,4","quantifying,112,1","quarrel,87,1","quarter,99,1","quarters,87,1","quebec,103,1,105,1","quest,105,1","question,90,1,87,2,99,1,91,1,104,1","questionable,90,1","questioned,90,1","questions,96,1,97,1,105,1","quick,99,1","quickly,90,1","quick-solutions,93,1","quite,99,1,93,1","quo,99,1","quote,87,2,91,1","quoted,88,1","quoting,87,1","raani,96,1,97,1","race,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1","rachid,90,1","racial,87,2,102,1,107,3","racist,100,1,107,1","racketeering,102,1","radi,101,1","radiation,101,1","radical,90,12","radically,95,1","radicals,90,1","radio,96,4,97,4","radioactive,90,1,106,1,101,21,110,1","radiographers,98,1","radiological,101,2","radition,101,1","raided,96,1,97,1","raids,96,1,97,1","rail,87,1,98,1","raise,93,1","raising,91,1,1,1,5,1,7,1,9,1,12,1,14,3","raising_shanaka,96,4","rajapaksa,91,1,111,2","rajasingham,96,1,97,1","rajastan,8,1,9,1","rajiva,10,1,17,1","ram,7,1","ramda,90,1","ramesh,96,1,97,1","ramifications,13,2","ramzi,99,1","ranawana,10,1,19,1,16,1","rand,7,1","random,87,1,99,1","ranee,9,1,14,1","range,91,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1","ranging,96,1,97,1","ranjithan,96,1,97,1","rank,112,3","ranked,98,1","ranking,87,1,98,2","ranks,95,1","ranstorp,7,1","rapid,88,1,93,1,102,1,108,1","rapidly,93,1","rarely,93,1,15,1","rashtriya,93,1","rate,88,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,10,112,1","rates,98,5","rather,88,1,99,2,93,1","ratification,90,1,87,1,91,1,103,2,104,11,106,2,100,6,101,7,102,9,105,1,108,6,110,2,109,4","ratifications,107,1","ratified,95,1,104,3,102,1,109,1,113,1","ratify,103,1,107,1","ratifying,91,1,100,1,101,2,102,3","ratio,99,1,98,1,101,2","rationale,93,1","rationality,93,1","ratnasiri,7,1","ratnavel,96,1,97,1","raw,90,1","rays,101,1","reach,90,1,105,1","reached,95,1","reaching,90,1,98,2","react,90,1","reaction,93,1","reactivate,96,1,97,1","reactivation,87,1","reactive,90,3","reactor,101,1","reactors,101,1","read,4,2,93,1,108,1,2,8,6,4,11,1,12,2,13,1,14,1,15,1,17,3,18,4","readiness,114,1,115,1","reads,104,1","ready,87,1,95,2,106,1,110,1,7,1","reaffirm,101,1","reaffirmed,102,1,107,3","reaffirming,100,1,114,1,115,1,116,6","real,90,2,95,1,99,1,93,2,98,1,102,1,112,3","realised,112,6","reality,90,3,95,1,99,1","realize,87,2,95,1","realized,93,1,112,3","really,90,1","rear,90,1","reason,87,2,93,3,104,1,100,1,109,3,112,4,113,2,10,1","reasonable,87,10,106,1,101,1,102,2,107,1,110,1,112,2","reasons,90,1,87,3,99,1,104,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,2,112,2","reasserted,90,1","reassure,93,1","rebels,95,1","re-broadcast,96,1,97,1","recalled,91,1,96,1,97,1","recalling,101,4,102,5,108,2,109,2","receipts,96,2,97,2,112,5","receive,87,2,95,1,101,3,102,1","received,95,1,94,1,96,2,97,2,103,1,104,3,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1,109,1","receiver,112,6","receives,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,109,1,112,1","receiving,101,2,102,1,109,1,111,1","recent,90,2,99,2,91,2,96,2,97,2,98,2,7,2,9,2,10,1,14,1","recently,90,5,91,1,92,1,96,3,97,3,17,1","reciprocity,90,2,109,1","recognise,109,1","recognised,109,2","recognition,104,5","recognize,87,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","recognized,90,1,99,1,93,2,104,1,106,1,110,1,111,1,116,2","recognizes,96,1,97,1","recognizing,103,1,100,1,101,1,108,1,115,1,116,1,6,2,10,2","recommend,107,1","recommendation,103,4","recommendations,103,3,106,1,101,2,110,1","recommended,87,2,103,2","recommending,87,1","reconcile,17,1","reconciliation,17,1","record,88,1","recorded,99,1,96,1,97,1,112,1","recordings,90,1","recordists,98,2","records,96,1,97,1,102,1","recourse,104,1","recovered,112,2","recovery,98,1","recruit,95,1","recruitment,90,1,87,1,99,1,116,1","rectify,87,1","recurrent,98,3","red,99,2,100,1,101,1,102,1","redouble,115,1","re-double,108,1","reduce,88,1,98,1","reduced,90,1","reducing,88,2","re-enter,87,1","reestablish,87,1","re-establish,87,1","re-evaluation,14,1","refer,96,1,97,1,104,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","reference,90,2,104,1","references,7,1","referendum,87,3","referral,104,1","referred,90,1,96,3,97,3,100,6,101,5,102,10,108,6,109,3,111,1,112,9,113,6","referring,99,1,9,1","refers,96,1,97,1","reflect,93,1","reflected,91,1,98,3","reflection,91,1","reflective,7,1","reflects,96,2,97,2,116,1","reform,18,1","reforms,99,2","refrain,101,1,107,2,109,1,116,2","refugee,107,1,108,2,114,1,116,2,15,1","refusal,90,1,9,1","refuse,102,2,107,1,108,1","refused,101,1,102,1,108,1","refusing,104,1,105,1,116,1","regain,99,1","regard,87,1,104,4,101,2,102,1,105,2,116,1,10,1,16,1","regarded,88,1,91,1,101,1,102,2,108,2,109,3","regarding,90,3,93,1,103,2,104,1,106,1,100,2,101,4,102,2,105,1,107,1,110,1,112,1,116,1","regardless,107,2,114,1","regards,90,4,115,1","regime,99,2,96,1,97,1,103,3,104,1,107,2,108,2","regiment,89,1","regimented,96,1,97,1","regimes,93,1,96,1,97,1,103,3,106,3,100,1,105,3,107,5,108,1,110,3","region,91,2,93,3,98,6,104,3,109,2,9,1,12,1","region’s,12,1","regional,4,1,90,3,20,1,87,2,95,3,99,2,91,2,93,20,96,2,97,2,98,2,105,2,107,1,108,10,109,5,114,2,116,1,1,2,2,1,3,1,5,6,6,1,7,2,8,4,9,4,10,2,11,2,19,1,21,4,12,6,13,1,14,1,15,2,16,1,17,1,18,1","regionally,99,1","regions,90,3,95,3,93,1,98,1,116,1,12,1","register,102,1","registered,96,2,97,2,98,1,104,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,3,109,1,112,5,113,2","registers,104,1","registration,96,1,97,1,105,2","regrettably,95,1","regular,90,1,87,1,95,1,103,1,102,1,105,1,108,1","regularly,96,2,97,2","regulating,102,1","regulation,111,8,112,6,113,4","regulations,90,1,100,2,101,2,102,4,111,26,112,2,113,4,116,1,21,1","regulations_no07_2006.pdf,111,4","regulatory,88,2,96,1,97,1,102,1,108,1","rehabilitated,87,2","rehabilitation,96,1,97,1","rehabilitative,98,1","reign,87,1","reigns,87,1","reinforce,90,1,8,1,9,1","reinforced,93,1","reinforcement,90,1","reinforces,96,1,97,1","re-integrate,87,1","reintegration,87,1","reiterate,87,2","reiterated,90,1,107,1,108,1,116,2","reject,87,2","rejected,87,1","rejecting,105,1","rejection,87,2","rejects,87,1","rejoin,87,1","relate,105,1","related,89,1,90,1,91,3,96,1,97,1,98,2,103,3,106,4,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,3,108,1,110,4,112,1,116,1,7,3,8,1","relates,96,1,97,1,112,2","relating,87,1,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,103,4,102,1,107,1,108,4,109,1,111,2,112,11,113,1,116,4","relation,90,3,87,1,88,1,96,1,97,1,104,1,108,1,109,1,112,13,113,1","relations,4,1,89,1,90,2,87,1,91,1,93,3,104,1,100,3,101,2,102,2,109,1,3,1,7,2,11,1","relationship,87,2,96,1,97,1,108,1","relationships,88,1","relative,90,3,96,2,97,2","relatively,98,1","relatives,96,4,97,4","relaxation,96,1,97,1","release,100,3,101,1","released,99,1,96,2,97,2","releases,4,1,20,1,101,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,5,6,1,8,1,9,1,7,1,10,1,11,1,19,1,21,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1","relevance,90,1,7,1","relevancy,103,1","relevant,87,1,99,2,106,1,100,2,101,6,102,4,107,4,108,2,110,1,112,8,114,4,115,1,116,4,13,1","relief,87,1","relies,90,1","religion,99,1,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,108,1","religious,90,1,87,1,95,2,99,5,93,3,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,107,3","relocate,96,2,97,2","relocated,96,2,97,2","reluctance,87,1","remain,87,2,91,2,98,1,106,1,110,1,112,1,114,1,115,1,116,1","remained,87,1,98,2","remains,87,1,95,1,99,1,91,1,106,1,110,1","remark,87,1","remarkable,90,1,91,1,98,1","remedial,87,1","remember,99,1","remembered,87,1,7,1","remembering,99,1","remind,87,1","reminded,90,1","reminder,91,1,93,1","reminds,90,2","remittance,96,2,97,2","remitted,112,1","remontrconv-1,105,1","remote,99,1,98,1","remove,90,1,107,1,112,1","rename,99,1","render,101,1,105,1","rendered,103,1","rendering,101,1","renders,105,1","renewable,103,1","renewal,88,1","renni,96,1,97,1","renounce,90,1","renowned,6,2,8,2,9,2,7,1,10,1","renunciation,17,1","rep,98,4","repayable,112,1","repeat,93,1","repeated,87,2,9,1","repetition,98,2","replace,87,1,96,1,97,1","replaced,87,1","replicated,96,1,97,1","re-poll,87,1","report,90,1,99,1,96,4,97,4,98,3,103,1,100,1,102,3,105,1,107,1,108,1,112,2,116,1","reported,96,1,97,1,103,1","reportedly,99,1","reporter,18,1","reporting,98,1,103,1,112,2","reports,91,1,98,4,106,1,110,1,114,2","represent,90,1,99,3,9,1","representation,87,2,96,1,97,1","representative,96,7,97,7,100,2,101,2,102,2,112,2,113,3","representatives,87,2,95,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1","represented,87,2,99,1,96,1,97,1","representing,87,1","represents,90,1,95,1,93,1","repress,90,1","repressed,90,1,6,1,8,1,9,1","represses,90,1","repressing,6,1,8,1","repression,90,2,101,1,102,1,107,1","reprisal,96,1,97,1","republic,91,1,103,1,104,41,108,5,109,1,111,22,112,3,113,3,9,1,10,1","reputation,88,1","request,103,1,104,1,106,2,100,6,101,8,102,9,105,1,107,2,108,4,110,2,109,4,112,15,113,3","requested,90,1,103,3,100,4,101,6,102,8,105,2,107,1,108,1,109,4","requesting,106,1,102,1,107,1,110,1,109,1,112,5,113,2","requests,90,1,114,1,116,1","require,87,1,93,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,12,1","required,90,3,93,2,96,3,97,3,104,2,106,3,100,1,101,2,105,3,107,4,110,3,109,1,112,4,113,2,1,1,5,1,7,1,17,1","requirement,90,3,93,2,112,1,8,1,9,1","requirements,87,3,88,3,104,1,101,1,102,1,109,1,112,1","requires,90,3,99,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,105,1,109,1,112,2,116,1,9,2","requiring,102,3,107,1","res,114,2,115,1,116,4","rescind,111,1","rescinded,112,2,113,1","research,89,1,88,1,94,3,96,15,97,15,98,2,103,2,107,2,2,1,8,1,9,2,7,2,12,2,13,1,18,2","researcher,94,1,2,1,9,1,10,1,14,1,15,1,18,1","resentment,87,1","reservation,103,1,104,13,106,1,100,3,101,3,102,3,105,3,107,1,110,1","reservations,103,2,106,1,105,3,107,3,110,1","reserve,98,1,104,1","reserved,101,1,102,1,108,1","re-settlement,87,1","residence,96,2,97,2,106,1,100,4,101,1,102,1,105,1,110,1,113,1","resident,101,2,112,1,113,1","resides,101,1,102,1,112,1","residing,98,1,107,1","residue,101,1","resilience,91,1,9,1","resist,107,1","resistance,90,2,95,1,91,1,107,1","resolute,90,1","resolutely,90,2","resolutely.â€�,10,1","resolution,93,5,103,4,106,2,101,3,102,7,105,1,107,11,108,2,110,2,109,1,111,2,114,11,115,10,116,17,21,3,12,1,14,2","resolutions,95,1,93,1,100,1,102,1,105,3,107,1,114,1,115,1,116,2,1,1,5,1,11,1,21,1","resolve,95,1,93,1,105,2,111,2,1,1,5,1,9,1,10,1","resolved,91,1,109,1","resolving,95,1","resonance,90,1","resorting,1,1,5,1","resorts,87,1","resource,96,2,97,2,9,1","resourceful,90,1","resources,90,1,95,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,116,2,15,1","respect,87,3,90,6,91,1,103,3,104,3,106,1,100,6,101,6,102,9,105,2,107,2,108,7,110,1,109,3,112,12,113,8,114,1,17,3","respected,93,2","respective,87,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,100,2,101,2,102,2,107,1,108,4,110,1,109,1,116,1,7,1,16,1","respectively,98,2,104,1","respects,91,1","respond,93,1,115,1","responded,87,1","responding,87,1,8,1,9,1,11,1","response,4,2,20,2,87,2,90,8,95,1,93,11,103,1,106,2,105,1,107,1,110,2,116,1,1,2,2,2,3,2,5,10,6,2,8,2,9,2,7,2,10,2,11,3,18,2,19,2,21,2,12,5,13,2,14,3,15,2,16,2,17,2","responses,90,24,1,1,2,2,5,1,8,2,9,2,7,2,11,2,12,1,16,1","responsibilities,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,114,1,115,1,116,1","responsibility,89,1,87,3,88,2,90,2,93,1,96,3,97,3,104,2,101,1,105,1","responsible,90,2,95,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,104,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,1,108,1,111,2,112,1,115,1","responsive,93,1","ressam,90,5","rest,87,2,98,4","restates,90,1","restaurant,96,2,97,2","restored,91,1","restoring,99,1,91,1","restricting,93,1","restriction,101,1,102,2,112,4","restrictions,96,1,97,1,98,2","result,20,1,90,2,99,1,98,1,103,2,100,1,101,2,102,1,107,1,112,2,114,1,9,1","resulted,87,1,103,1,102,3","resulting,93,1,107,1,13,1","results,95,1,112,1","resume,104,1","retail,96,1,97,1","retailers,96,2,97,2","retailing,96,2,97,2","retained,101,1","retaliation,87,1","retention,101,1","retired,89,1","retirement,89,1","return,87,2,96,3,97,3,100,1,101,3,102,2,109,2","returned,87,1,101,2,102,1","returning,87,2,101,1","revealed,90,1","revealing,90,1","review,90,1,103,3,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1","reviewed,107,1","revising,106,2,110,2","revision,106,4,110,4","revival,87,1","revolutionary,96,1,97,1,98,1","rica,104,1","ridden,98,1","rifaat,8,1,9,1,11,1","rifles,93,2,98,1","right,87,2,90,4,99,2,93,1,96,1,97,1,104,1,106,1,100,3,101,2,102,1,107,4,110,1,112,1,115,1,116,1","rightfully,91,1","rights,87,5,90,8,95,1,99,4,104,2,106,1,100,7,101,7,102,8,107,1,108,4,110,1,112,3,113,3,114,2,116,1,1,2,5,2","rigid,90,3","rigidity,90,1","rigorous,112,1","rinchhen,108,1","ripple,15,1","rise,90,2,91,1,98,1","risen,98,1","rising,99,1,93,1","risk,88,6,90,3,93,1,98,1,111,1,18,1","risk-prevention,88,1","risk-reduction,88,1","risks,90,1,106,1,101,1,110,1","risky,88,1","rival,87,1","rivers,99,1,98,1","rlg,95,2","road,87,1,99,2,98,1,112,1,113,1","roads,98,3","robust,91,1,96,2,97,2,9,1","rocket,99,1","rodrigo,8,1,9,1,12,1","roe,96,1,97,1","rogatory,90,2","rohan,91,1,2,1,9,1,7,1,18,2,13,1","rohitha,4,1,91,1,6,2,8,1,9,1,7,2","rohithabogollagama.jpg,57,8","role,20,2,88,2,90,1,95,1,99,2,91,4,93,4,96,6,97,6,107,3,114,1,1,3,2,3,3,2,4,2,5,11,6,2,8,2,9,2,7,3,10,4,11,2,18,2,19,2,21,3,12,2,13,2,14,2,15,2,16,6,17,2","rollout,96,1,97,1","romania,104,1,105,1","rome,106,1,102,2,108,2,110,1,113,2","room,91,1,10,1","roots,95,1","rouges,99,1,9,1","round,90,1,96,1,97,1","rounds,94,1","route,87,1,96,1,97,1","rs.mn,98,1","ruins,87,1","rule,99,1,116,1,9,1,10,1","rulers,90,1","rules,90,4,99,1,101,4,116,1","ruling,95,1,99,1","run,90,2,106,1,110,1","running,93,2","runs,93,1,8,1,9,1","rupee,98,2","rupees,98,2,112,5","rupture,90,1","rural,87,3,98,1","rushed,96,1,97,1","russia,95,8,99,1,105,1,9,1,10,1,12,1","russian,88,1,95,7,103,1,104,3,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,2,8,1,9,1","russian-american,95,1","russian-chinese,95,1","russian-kyrgyz,95,1","russian-uzbek,95,1","ruthless,87,3,10,1","ruthlessness,87,1","rwanda,99,2,104,1","saarc,91,5,93,7,108,25,109,23,8,1,9,1,21,2,12,5","sabaragamuwa,98,3","sabotage,99,1","sabotaged,7,1,18,1","sacrificed,7,1","sacrifices,7,1","sadbhavana,93,1","safe,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,4,106,1,110,1,112,1,114,1,116,2,11,1","safeguard,90,1","safeguarding,103,1,105,1","safeguards,87,1,101,1,102,1,108,1","safekeeping,112,1","safety,90,9,104,2,106,14,101,1,102,4,105,13,108,4,110,14,109,1,111,1,113,4,21,2","safety-related,105,1","sahara,7,1,18,1","said,87,4,90,1,99,2,93,2,96,1,97,1,104,5,100,1,101,2,102,2,109,1,111,2,112,9,6,1,8,3,9,6,7,8,10,1","saint,104,2","sake,99,1","salaam,90,1","salafism,90,1","salafist,90,2","salafist-type,90,1","sale,87,1,112,1","salvador,104,1","salzburg,18,1","saman,98,4,2,1,7,1,10,1,18,2,15,1","same,87,7,90,13,99,2,96,1,97,1,103,1,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,110,1,109,1,112,4,113,2,6,1,8,1,9,1","same.â€�,7,1","samoa,104,1","sana,96,4,97,4","sanctified,107,1","sanction,87,1,109,4","sanctioned,88,1","sanctions,88,1,90,1,102,3,108,3","sanctuaries,90,1,93,1","sanctuary,90,1,99,2","sanitary,98,1","sao,104,1","sarin,99,1","sarps,103,1","sarvananthan,10,1","sarvanathan,15,1","sashidaran,96,5,97,5","satellite,96,8,97,8","satisfaction,87,1,112,1","satisfactory,98,1","satisfied,87,2,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,112,4,113,1","satisfies,87,1","saturday,2,1,6,1,10,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","saudi,99,2,103,1,104,2,105,1,107,2,10,1","savagery,105,1","savings,112,1","saw,7,1","say,87,1","sayaf,91,1","saying,87,2,105,1,107,1,10,1","sc,103,3","scale,87,1,90,1,99,1","scandinavian,96,2,97,2","scattered,90,3","scenario,87,1","scenes,90,1","schedule,90,1,109,2,112,1,113,14","scheduled,106,1,110,1","scheme,112,1","schemes,87,1","scholar,18,2","scholarship,94,1","school,87,1,98,1,8,1,9,1,18,1,12,1,16,1","schooling,98,1","schools,87,3,95,1,93,2,96,5,97,5,98,1","science,8,2,9,2,12,2","sciences,18,1,12,1","scientific,90,1","scientist,7,2","scope,90,7,96,1,97,1,101,2,102,3,107,3,108,4,109,4,113,3","scopp,94,1","scotland,94,1,103,1,105,1,18,1","scottish,105,1","scourge,90,1,91,1,93,1","screening,88,2,103,2","scrutiny,103,1","se1,106,1,110,1","sea,87,1,95,1,96,1,97,1,106,3,110,3","sea-bed,106,1,110,1","seal,98,1,111,1","search,20,1,112,1","search.html,20,4","search_03.gif,58,8","search_07.gif,59,8","searches,90,1,112,1,113,1","searching,90,1","seas,93,1,109,1","seasoned,90,1","seats,87,1","sec,101,1,111,4","seceding,111,2","secessionist,93,2","second,90,1,99,1,91,1,93,1,96,6,97,6,98,3,105,1","secondary,87,1,98,1","secondly,7,1","secrecy,102,1,112,3","secret,87,1,101,1","secretarial,93,1","secretariat,94,1,96,1,97,1,108,1,109,1,10,1,18,1,17,1","secretaries,111,1","secretary,90,1,100,2,105,1,108,1,109,1,111,1,112,1,113,1,2,1,4,1,8,1,9,3,7,1,10,2,12,1,17,1","secretarygeneral,100,1,101,2,102,1,108,2","secretary-general,106,3,100,6,101,11,102,10,105,2,107,3,108,2,110,3,109,4,114,1,116,1","sect,99,2,9,1","sectarian,93,1","section,87,3,109,7,111,5,112,20,113,15","sections,111,1,112,1,113,2,7,1","sector,89,2,98,4","sectors,16,1","sects,99,1,93,2","secular,93,1","secure,95,1,100,1,102,1,108,1","securing,93,1","securities,102,1,108,1,112,6","security,89,4,87,1,88,1,90,13,95,5,99,1,93,13,94,1,98,7,103,16,104,2,106,2,100,2,101,4,102,2,105,8,107,4,108,2,110,2,109,1,111,12,114,8,115,6,116,9,9,1,11,1,18,1,12,1,14,1,17,1","see,87,1,90,1,95,2,104,1,109,1","seed,96,1,97,1","seed-capital,96,1,97,1","seek,87,2,93,3,102,1,7,1,11,1,12,1,17,1","seekers,87,1","seeking,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,112,1,1,1,5,1,9,1,7,1,10,1","seeks,93,1,16,1","seem,87,1","seemingly,90,1","seems,99,4,96,2,97,2,9,1","seen,99,1,98,1,9,1,7,1,17,1","segments,96,1,97,1","seized,106,1,110,1,112,1,114,1,115,1,116,1","seizes,100,1,109,1","seizing,101,1","seizure,90,1,106,1,102,2,108,3,110,1,109,1,113,6","sekharan,8,1,9,1,12,1","selected,96,1,97,1,98,1","self-defence,115,1,116,1","selfdetermination,107,1","self-determination,99,1,100,1,107,2","self-interest,91,1","selfish,87,1","selling,99,1,111,1,112,3","semi-literate,93,1","seminars,88,1","semi-precious,112,1","semtex,90,1","senate,87,1","send,87,1,96,2,97,2,100,1,101,1,102,1","sending,101,1","senegal,104,1","senior,92,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,8,1,9,1,11,1,18,1,13,1","sense,99,1","sensitive,93,1,116,1","sensitized,93,1","sent,96,2,97,2","sentence,101,3,102,3","sentenced,105,1,111,4","sentences,90,1","sep,89,1","separate,87,2,101,1,105,1,111,4","separates,87,1","separation,87,7,10,1","separatist,90,5,95,1","separatist-style,90,1","september,90,18,99,3,93,1,96,4,97,4,98,1,103,4,104,54,101,2,102,1,105,5,107,4,108,2,109,1,111,2,113,2,115,4,116,4","september5,103,1","serbia,104,2","series,90,4,96,1,97,1,11,2","serious,90,2,95,1,99,2,91,1,96,2,97,2,98,2,101,4,102,1,107,1,108,2,109,4,111,1,113,2,116,2,7,1,18,1","seriously,90,6,99,1,106,2,110,2","seriousness,90,1,102,1,109,1,116,1","servant,111,1,112,11,113,1","serve,91,2,103,1,101,1,102,1,108,1","served,94,1,101,1,102,1,18,2","service,95,1,98,2,101,1,102,1,105,1,112,1","serviced,96,1,97,1","services,90,10,95,2,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,5,102,1,107,1,108,1,111,7,112,4,116,1,10,1,17,1","services1,98,1","serving,101,1,102,2,108,1,112,1,113,2","session,20,1,95,1,103,4,106,3,105,2,108,1,110,3,1,5,2,3,3,1,4,2,5,5,6,1,8,3,9,5,7,3,10,7,11,2,18,1,19,1,21,1,12,2,13,2,14,2,15,2,16,2,17,2","sessions,90,1,91,1,103,1,106,1,110,1,1,1,9,1,7,1,10,1,19,1","set,87,1,88,1,90,3,96,2,97,2,103,1,106,1,100,12,101,24,102,35,105,1,108,20,110,1,109,3,113,1","setbacks,91,1,9,1","sets,93,1,14,1","setting,96,1,97,1","settled,103,1,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,1,110,1","settlement,112,1,7,1,10,1","set-up,90,1","seva,89,2","seven,93,1,94,1,111,1,112,4,1,1","seventh,108,1,109,1","several,89,1,87,1,90,5,95,1,91,1,93,2,96,7,97,7,103,1,104,1,106,1,105,2,107,1,110,1,9,1,7,1,18,1,21,2","severe,87,1,98,1,105,1","severely,98,1","seychelles,104,1","sfr,96,1,97,1","shake,99,1","shal,101,1","shall,90,1,103,2,104,4,106,5,100,39,101,77,102,74,105,1,107,1,108,42,110,5,109,29,111,22,112,70,113,27,116,2","shanaka,94,7,96,12,97,12,2,1,9,1,18,2,14,1","shanaka.doc,96,4,97,4","shanaka_jayasekara.pdf,94,4","shanghai,95,2","shangri-la,91,1","shanmugarajah,96,1,97,1","share,87,2,88,1,90,1,98,2,102,1,105,1,1,1,5,1,10,2","shared,87,1,93,3","shareholder,112,1","shareholders,88,1","shares,102,1,108,1,112,1","sharing,89,1,88,1,99,1,93,2,102,1,108,1,112,1","sharply,98,1","sharvodaya,87,1","she,101,2,102,2,108,1","sheet,103,2","shelf,102,1,108,1,113,1","shift,96,2,97,2,15,1","shining,99,2,98,1,9,1","ship,96,1,97,1,106,19,100,1,110,19,109,1,113,2","shipmasters,106,1,110,1","ship-owners,106,1,110,1","shipping,96,1,97,1,106,2,110,2,13,1","ships,98,1,106,7,110,7","shirinko,99,1","shook,90,1","shop,96,1,97,1","shops,96,4,97,4","short,91,1,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,1","shortages,98,1","shortcomings,107,1","shot,99,1","shot-up,98,1","should,87,27,95,4,99,8,91,4,93,8,104,2,106,1,101,2,102,4,107,3,108,2,110,1,109,2,112,2,113,2,116,1,9,1,10,3","show,87,2,90,2,98,1,113,1","showed,90,2","shown,87,1,91,2,1,2,5,2,9,1","shows,87,1,90,1,99,1,96,2,97,2,98,2","shramadana,87,1","shrines,87,1","shun,87,1","shyam,2,1,7,1,10,1,18,2,19,1,16,1","siblings,96,1,97,1","sic,104,1","sides,87,1,98,1","sierra,98,2,104,1","sign,87,1,91,1,93,1,1,1,5,1","signal,87,2","signatories,91,1,93,1,103,1,105,1,107,1","signatory,90,1,106,1,110,1,113,1","signature,103,1,104,5,106,1,100,3,101,3,102,3,105,1,107,2,108,2,110,1,109,1,113,1","signatures,88,1,108,1,109,1","signed,95,1,98,1,103,2,104,3,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,5,110,1,109,6","significant,90,1,93,1,96,3,97,3,9,1,15,1,17,1","significantly,96,1,97,1,98,2,106,3,110,3,9,1","signing,103,1,106,1,105,1,110,1,7,1","signs,99,1,106,1,110,1","sikh,89,1","silenced,87,1","similar,90,1,95,2,96,2,97,2,98,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,112,1,10,1","similarly,90,4,98,2","simplifying,93,1","simultaneous,93,1","simultaneously,87,1,10,1","since,89,1,87,4,90,8,99,4,91,4,93,1,98,5,103,1,7,3","singapore,96,11,97,11,104,1,2,2,9,2,7,3,10,2,18,2,13,1,16,1","singh,93,1,18,1","single,91,2,96,2,97,2,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,110,1","singular,93,1","sinha,108,1","sinhala,87,3,112,4,113,3,7,1","sinhalese,87,2","sino,89,1","sipri,98,1","sisters,98,1","site,1,1,2,1,3,1","situated,90,1,95,1,112,1,113,1","situation,87,4,90,8,95,2,99,3,93,1,98,3,100,1,102,1,111,1,113,2","situations,90,1,95,1,91,2,107,1,10,1","sivanesan,96,1,97,1","sivaneshan,96,1,97,1","sivapalasuntheram,96,1,97,1","six,87,4,90,3,98,1,103,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,111,1,112,2","sixth,90,1,105,1,107,2,108,1,111,1","size,96,2,97,2","skills,96,1,97,1,98,1","sl_countering_terrorism.html,21,4","slave,99,1","slaves,87,1","slightly,93,1","slovakia,103,1,104,2","slovenia,104,2","slow,90,1","slowly,90,1","small,99,2,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","smuggling,91,1,93,2,96,2,97,2,107,1,13,1","so-called,90,2,99,1","social,88,1,90,1,99,1,93,4,98,5,102,1,107,1,10,3,18,1,12,1,15,1,17,2","socialist,91,1,104,2,108,1,111,20,112,3,113,3","socially,87,1","societies,87,2,90,1,99,2,93,4,96,1,97,1","society,20,1,87,1,88,1,90,1,95,1,93,3,1,4,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,8,6,1,8,1,9,1,7,2,10,3,11,1,18,1,19,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,6,17,1,21,1","societyâ€�,16,1","society’,2,1","socio,1,1,5,1,10,1","socio-cultural,93,1","socioeconomic,109,1","socio-economic,20,1,91,1,93,1,98,7,1,1,2,1,3,1,4,1,5,5,6,1,8,1,9,1,7,2,10,1,11,1,18,1,19,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,3,16,1,17,1,21,1","socio-political,93,2","soft,93,2,106,1,110,1","software,106,1,110,1","soil,90,4,91,1,93,1,8,1,9,2","soldier,91,2,93,1,4,1,9,1","soldiers,95,1,99,1,98,2","sole,87,1,88,1,99,1,101,1,102,2,108,2","solely,90,2,9,1","solemnly,101,1,102,1","sole-representative,87,1","solerepresentatives,87,1","soliciting,87,1","solicitor,9,1,13,1","solidarity,90,4","solidity,93,1","solomon,104,4","solution,87,21,90,2,99,2,93,2,111,4,10,1,18,1","solutions,88,1","solve,87,2,90,1,99,1","solving,99,1","somebody,87,5","someone,93,2","something,87,2,99,1,7,1","sometimes,90,1,95,1,99,1,93,1,7,1","somewhere,99,1,93,1","son,101,1","soon,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,108,1,112,2,113,1,116,1","sooner,101,2","soosai,96,1,97,1","sophisticated,90,1,96,1,97,1,7,1","sophistication,99,1,96,4,97,4,1,1,5,1","sort,87,1,99,2","sought,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1","soul,99,1","soulbury,87,1","sound,90,1","source,88,4,96,1,97,1,98,17,101,1","sources,90,1,95,1,98,1,112,1","south,87,1,99,3,91,1,92,1,93,12,96,4,97,4,98,15,104,2,105,1,108,1,109,3,8,1,9,2,10,1,18,2,12,3","southall,96,1,97,1","southeast,98,1","south-east,90,1,95,1,96,1,97,1","southern,89,1,99,3","sovereign,90,2,101,1,102,1,108,2,111,2,10,2","sovereignity,9,1","sovereignty,87,1,99,1,104,2,105,1,109,1,111,3","soviet,99,4","space,101,2","spacer.gif,60,8","spain,90,1,95,1,99,1,103,1,104,1","spanish,90,2,100,1,101,1,102,1","speak,87,2,95,1,99,4","speaker,88,1,96,2,97,2,1,1,2,7,4,1,9,1,10,3,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1","speakerâ ,2,2","speaker’s,1,1","speakers,2,1,7,1,10,1","speaking,87,1,99,3,93,1","special,87,3,90,1,95,3,93,3,98,2,104,3,102,1,108,1,109,1,113,1,114,1,9,1,7,1","specialised,88,1,1,1","specialist,99,1,18,1","specialists,88,1,90,1,98,1,103,2","specialized,90,3,114,1,5,1","specially,87,1,93,1","specific,88,1,90,3,99,2,91,1,93,2,96,3,97,3,107,2","specifically,90,3,99,1,103,1,107,1,111,1","specified,87,2,96,2,97,2,106,1,101,1,110,1,109,3,111,8,112,4,113,13,21,1","specify,112,1","spectators,16,1","speculations,90,1","speech,95,5","speech_of_russian_mfa_delegate.pdf,95,4","speedy,114,1","spending,90,1,98,5","spent,90,1,92,1,98,1,101,1,102,1","sphere,90,1","spice,96,1,97,1","spiegel,18,1","spirit,90,1,95,1,93,2","spiritual,99,1","spiritually,87,1","spoke,9,1","spokes,96,1,97,1","sponsored,90,1","sponsoring,93,1","sponsors,115,2","sponsorship,96,1,97,1","spontaneous,101,1","sports,87,2,96,1,97,1","spots,87,1","spread,90,2,91,1,93,1,109,1","spreading,89,1","sq,93,1","square,90,1","sri,20,2,87,50,90,28,95,6,99,14,91,26,93,11,94,1,96,18,97,18,98,33,104,1,108,1,111,26,112,27,113,31,1,4,2,4,3,2,4,4,5,12,6,4,8,2,9,8,7,14,10,8,11,3,18,6,19,2,12,2,13,4,14,5,15,6,16,4,17,3,21,8","stability,90,5,95,1,99,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,109,2,1,2,5,2","stable,99,1,96,2,97,2","staff,89,3,93,14,98,1","staffed,96,1,97,1","stage,90,3,93,1,96,3,97,3,107,1","stages,96,1,97,1,100,1","stances,90,1","stand,87,3,93,1","standard,87,1,103,2,10,1","standards,90,1,95,3,103,1,101,1,107,2,114,1,116,1","standing,113,1","start,87,2,7,1","started,87,1,99,2,98,1","starting,90,3,93,1,98,1","state,89,1,87,8,90,9,99,10,91,2,93,2,103,5,104,15,106,16,100,50,101,101,102,88,105,9,107,11,108,27,110,16,109,19,111,6,112,19,113,23,116,2,9,1,10,2,13,1","stated,90,2,95,1,102,1,107,4","stateless,106,1,100,3,101,2,102,2,107,1,110,1,112,1,113,2","statement,96,2,97,2,103,1,105,1,107,1","statements,96,1,97,1,112,1,113,1","states,87,1,90,44,95,4,99,4,91,2,93,3,96,1,97,1,98,1,103,25,104,18,106,17,100,24,101,58,102,50,105,23,107,33,108,12,110,17,109,18,112,3,113,6,114,6,115,2,116,8,1,1,5,1,6,1,9,4,10,2,11,3,18,1,16,1,17,1","statesman,93,1","stating,90,1,93,1,104,1,112,1,9,1","station,96,1,97,1","stationed,90,1","stations,96,1,97,1","statistics,98,7,10,1,15,1","status,87,1,95,1,99,2,91,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,103,1,104,1,107,1,108,2,114,1,116,2","statute,100,1,101,1,102,1","statutes,90,1","steadily,98,1","steam,99,1","stem,91,1","stemmed,106,1,110,1","stemming,90,1,102,1,105,1","steps,87,6,95,1,103,1,101,3,102,1,105,1,113,1,114,2,115,1,116,3,8,1,9,1","stick,87,1,93,1","stigmatize,107,1","still,87,5,88,1,90,9,99,4,93,1,98,1,105,1,107,1","stimulate,95,1","stimulated,90,1,98,1","sting,96,1,97,1","stipulated,111,2","stipulates,96,1,97,1","stipulations,104,1","stockholm,98,2","stocks,103,1","stolen,101,2","stonecipher,9,1,14,1","stones,112,2","stood,10,1","stop,99,1,93,1,8,1,9,1","storage,101,2","stories,16,1","story,87,1,91,2,9,1","strasburg,90,1","strategic,87,1,90,3,91,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,3,1,4,1,8,1,9,1,7,4,10,1,11,1","strategically,88,1","strategies,90,2,93,2,1,2,5,2,7,1,14,2","strategy,90,18,93,11,96,1,97,1,105,3,8,1,9,1,14,1","stream,87,2","street,103,1,105,1","strength,98,1","strengthen,95,1,103,1,105,1,107,1,108,2,114,1,116,1,1,1,5,1","strengthening,95,3,96,1,97,1,106,1,105,1,107,1,110,1,114,1,9,1,16,1","strengths,96,1,97,1,12,1","stress,95,1,99,1","stressed,9,1,10,1","stresses,88,1,114,1,115,1","strict,103,1,102,1","strife,109,1","strike,90,1,91,1,1,1,5,1","striking,90,1","stripe,95,1","strive,102,1","strong,87,1,90,1,9,1","strong-arm,96,1,97,1","stronger,87,1,99,1","strongest,90,1,115,1","structural,1,1,5,1","structure,90,1,95,1,93,1,96,7,97,7,103,1,102,1,1,1","structured,88,1,90,2,96,2,97,2,18,1","structures,90,12,95,1","struggle,87,1,99,3,91,1,107,3,6,1,7,1,10,1","student,87,1","students,87,3","studied,18,1","studies,87,2,90,1,95,1,91,1,92,1,94,1,103,4,106,3,105,3,107,4,110,3,2,1,3,1,4,1,8,2,9,2,7,5,10,1,11,1,18,5,12,1,15,1","studies.the,89,1","study,88,1,90,1,99,8,92,1,94,1,96,17,97,17,98,1,106,1,110,1,2,1,4,1,9,1,7,2,13,1","sua,106,18,110,18","sub,90,1,93,3","sub-committee,103,1","sub-components,98,1","subject,87,1,90,4,98,1,103,1,104,1,106,2,100,4,101,8,102,7,105,1,108,3,110,2,109,8,111,1,112,11,113,4,15,1","subjected,87,1,101,1,102,1,112,1","subjects,107,1,1,1","subjugation,87,3","submersibles,106,1,110,1","submit,87,1,104,2,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,3,110,1,109,1,116,1","submitted,103,2,106,1,100,1,101,2,102,1,105,1,107,3,110,1,112,1,114,1","submitting,87,1","subparagraph,100,1,102,8,108,2","subparagraphs,101,1,102,2","sub-paragraphs,109,1","subregional,116,1","sub-regional,105,2","subrogation,112,1","subscribers,96,1,97,1","subscribing,87,1,91,1","subscription,96,6,97,6,112,1,113,1","subsection,112,21,113,10","sub-section,109,4","subsections,112,1","subsequent,98,1,112,1","subsequently,103,1,104,1,106,1,101,1,102,1,110,1","subsetion,113,1","subsistence,87,1","substance,91,1,106,1,110,1","substances,106,2,101,1,105,1,107,1,108,1,110,2,109,1","substantial,96,3,97,3,100,1,101,5,102,1,107,2,108,1","substantiate,87,1","substitute,90,1,99,1","subversive,99,2","subvert,96,1,97,1","succeed,90,1,99,1","success,87,1,99,1,91,4,93,2,9,1,16,1","successes,91,1,9,1","successfully,89,1,87,2,95,1,91,1,93,1,96,1,97,1","succession,104,13","successive,87,2,93,1,9,1","successor,104,1","suda,96,1,97,1","sudan,98,3,104,1","suffer,98,1,16,1","suffer.â€�,10,1","suffered,112,2,10,1","suffering,87,2","sufferings,87,1","sufficient,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,112,5","suggest,98,1","suggested,9,1,10,1","suggesting,87,1","suicide,90,4,91,1,93,1","suicide-attacks,99,1","suit,109,2,111,1,112,5","suitable,87,2,105,1","sultanate,104,1","sum,101,1","summarized,10,1","summed,93,1","summit,88,1,90,1,91,2,93,1,107,2,108,2,109,2","summon,111,1","sunnis,99,1","sunnite,90,1","superannuation,112,1","superintendent,112,5,113,1","superiority,99,1","supermarket,96,1,97,1","supervising,98,1","supervision,96,2,97,2,102,1,112,1,14,1","supervisory,108,1","supplement,106,1,101,2,102,1,107,3,110,1,112,1,113,1","supplementary,102,1,108,1","supplemented,96,1,97,1","supplements,108,1","supplies,90,1,93,1,103,1,111,7","supply,100,1,109,1,112,1,116,1,9,1","supplying,90,1","support,87,3,90,5,95,1,99,2,91,1,93,5,96,6,97,6,98,2,106,2,101,1,107,2,108,3,110,2,111,1,112,1,116,4,18,1,13,1,16,1","supported,90,2,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1,8,1,9,1","supporters,88,1,93,1","supporting,99,1,112,1,114,1,115,1,116,1","supportive,93,1","supports,96,1,97,1","supposed,90,1,99,1","supposedly,98,1","suppresion,107,4","suppress,93,1,101,1,108,5,111,3,114,2,115,1,116,4","suppressing,87,2,116,1","suppression,90,6,95,1,91,3,93,2,104,4,106,6,101,7,102,15,105,7,107,8,108,17,110,6,109,16,111,3,112,1,113,28,114,1,116,1,11,1,12,1,14,1,21,8","supranational,90,1","supreme,95,1,112,1,113,4","surcharge,96,1,97,1","sure,95,2,99,2,91,1","surge,96,1,97,1","surgeons,98,2","surgeons2,98,1","suriname,104,3","surprise,89,1,87,1","surprisingly,87,1","surrender,87,1,99,1,101,3,102,3,105,1,109,2","surrogate,96,1,97,1","surveillance,90,2","survey,98,2,103,1","susceptible,108,1","suspect,90,1,93,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,110,1","suspected,96,6,97,6,102,2,109,1,18,1","suspects,93,1,105,2","suspended,96,1,97,1","suspicion,102,1","suspicions,102,1","suspicious,102,1,108,1","sustain,98,1","sustainable,91,1","sustained,93,2","sustenance,91,1","swaziland,104,1","sweden,104,1","swedish,7,1","swiss,87,1,88,2,18,1","switzerland,96,12,97,12,103,1,104,1","sworn,90,1","sydney,88,1,90,1,94,1,96,1,97,1,2,1,18,1,14,1","symbol,111,1","symbolic,90,1","sympathizers,90,1,99,1","sympathy,115,1","symposium,107,2","synergy,90,2","syria,99,2,105,1,107,1","syrian,98,1,104,1","syrian-lebanese,90,1","system,87,3,88,1,90,14,95,1,99,1,93,2,96,6,97,6,107,2,111,1","systematic,105,1","systematically,96,1,97,1","systems,96,2,97,2,103,1,105,1,108,1","table,87,1,93,1,98,16","tacit,96,1,97,1","tackled,10,1","tackling,10,1","tactful,87,1","tactical,99,1,9,1","tactically,96,1,97,1","tactics,99,1,96,1,97,1","taiwan,104,1","tajik,88,1","tajikistan,104,1","take,87,11,88,1,90,7,99,1,91,1,93,3,96,1,97,1,103,3,104,1,106,4,100,8,101,12,102,13,105,1,107,5,108,6,110,4,109,4,111,5,112,7,113,4,114,3,115,1,116,4","taken,87,5,90,2,99,2,91,2,98,1,104,2,106,1,100,1,101,7,102,5,105,1,110,1,109,1,111,1,112,5,113,3,116,1,8,1,9,2,7,1,10,1,11,1,13,1,15,1","take-off,105,1","takes,87,1,90,3,104,1,105,1","taking,90,1,95,1,91,2,96,2,97,2,98,2,104,1,106,3,100,17,101,3,102,3,105,1,108,2,110,3,109,1,112,3,113,4,116,1,9,1,11,1,21,1","taliban,90,1,95,1,99,1,98,1","talk,90,2,99,2","talked,90,2","talking,90,1","talks,87,3,94,1,96,1,97,1","tame,87,1","tamil,87,30,88,1,90,5,99,8,96,51,97,51,98,3,112,2,113,1,8,1,9,1,7,1,10,2,18,1,13,1","tamils,87,6,99,1,9,1","tamilselvan,96,1,97,1","tampered,93,1","tangible,87,1,91,1,102,1,108,1,112,1,9,1,13,1","tanks,98,1","tanzania,98,1,104,1","target,90,2,106,1,110,1,9,1,16,1","targeted,90,1,95,1,99,1","targets,90,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,13,1","task,87,1,88,1,99,1,1,1,5,1,14,1","tasked,96,2,97,2,103,1","tasks,116,1","taught,92,1","tax,98,1","tcc,96,4,97,4","teaching,87,1","team,87,1,90,1,96,3,97,3","teams,87,1,96,1,97,1","technical,87,1,103,11,101,1,105,1,107,2,108,2,18,1","technically,99,4","technique,90,1,99,1","techniques,90,1","technological,2,1,7,1,10,1,18,1,16,1","technologies,93,1,116,1","technologists,98,1","technology,91,1,93,1,106,1,107,2,110,1,7,1,18,1","tekwani,2,1,7,1,10,3,18,2,19,1,16,1","tel,103,2,106,1,105,2,110,1","telecom,96,2,97,2,98,1","telecommunications,98,2","television,96,4,97,4","telex,103,1,106,1,105,1,110,1","telo,87,1","template,103,1","temple,99,1,96,9,97,9","temples,95,1,96,4,97,4","temporary,101,1,102,1","temptation,90,2","tend,90,2,96,4,97,4","tendency,99,1","tends,90,1,93,1,96,2,97,2","tension,87,1","tensions,90,4,93,1","tentacles,91,1","tenth,107,1,113,3","tenths,99,1","term,87,4,93,2,109,1,111,4,112,1,113,1,1,1,5,1","terminate,111,1","termination,111,2","terms,90,2,91,1,93,1,96,3,97,3,98,5,103,1,101,2,102,1,108,2,109,6,111,7,112,6,113,4,115,1,10,1,18,1,15,1","terrain,93,1","territorial,90,1,104,1,106,4,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,2,110,4,109,1,111,3","territories,95,1,99,1,103,1,104,1,106,2,100,4,101,3,102,3,107,4,110,2,114,1,116,4","territory,90,2,93,1,103,1,104,3,106,3,100,13,101,19,102,18,105,4,107,4,108,2,110,3,109,3,111,2,113,1,116,1","terror,87,3,90,3,91,3,93,6,98,2,101,1,107,2,9,2","terrorise,91,1","terrorism,20,13,87,23,88,4,90,100,95,23,99,34,91,45,93,55,94,4,96,24,97,24,98,6,103,4,106,6,100,1,101,10,102,10,105,4,107,36,108,13,110,6,109,14,111,14,112,1,114,11,115,2,116,9,1,27,2,15,3,14,4,14,5,61,6,22,8,22,9,40,7,27,10,29,11,20,18,20,19,13,12,19,13,16,14,16,15,21,16,16,17,13,21,20","terrorism.â ,1,1","terrorism.â€�,10,1","terrorism.pdf,101,4,102,4","terrorism_03.gif,61,8","terrorism_1993.pdf,109,4","terrorism_2004.pdf,108,4","terrorism_bruguiere.pdf,90,4","terrorism_malik.pdf,93,4","terrorism_saman,98,4","terrorismâ€�,7,3,11,2,12,2,13,1,15,2","terrorism’,2,4","terrorismrelated,107,1","terrorism-related,88,3","terrorist,87,6,88,5,90,68,95,16,99,18,91,8,93,15,96,22,97,22,98,2,103,1,106,3,102,5,105,2,107,26,108,6,110,3,109,1,111,12,113,28,114,8,115,5,116,28,1,6,2,3,3,1,4,2,5,10,6,4,8,3,9,8,7,8,10,4,11,4,18,1,19,1,20,1,12,2,13,1,14,8,15,1,16,2,17,2,21,6","terrorist-funding,93,1","terroristic,109,3","terrorists,87,23,88,3,90,1,95,2,99,4,91,5,93,10,106,1,102,2,107,2,108,1,110,1,113,2,116,3,1,2,2,1,5,2,9,2,7,3,10,2,11,2,16,2,17,2","terroristsâ€�,7,1","tertiary,98,2","testimony,101,1,102,1","text,90,1,103,1,106,2,107,3,110,2,112,2,113,2,4,2,11,1,12,2,13,1,14,1,15,1,17,3","texts,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,1,113,1","thailand,99,1,104,1,10,1","thamilini,96,3,97,3","thampy,87,1","thank,87,1,90,2","thanks,90,3,4,1","thapa,108,1","thecfa,98,1","thematic,1,2,9,1,7,1,10,1","theme,87,1,90,1,1,2,2,1,5,1,6,1,9,1,7,3","themed,9,1","themselves,87,5,90,2,99,4,93,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,109,2,17,1","theological,90,1","therapists,98,1","thereafter,96,1,97,1,101,1,116,1","thereby,87,2,96,1,97,1,111,1,112,2","therefor,112,1","therefore,87,3,88,1,90,6,93,1,98,2,107,1,113,1,9,1","therein,109,1,112,1","thereof,100,2,101,1,102,1,111,1,112,4","thereto,100,3,101,3,102,2,108,2,109,4,112,1,113,1","thereunder,112,1,113,1","thereupon,113,1","therewith,109,2,112,1,113,1","thilagar,96,1,97,1","thilainadarasa,96,1,97,1","thilleepan,96,3,97,3","thing,87,2,99,1,112,7,9,1","things,87,2,90,1,99,1","think,87,2,113,1","thinking,88,1","thinks,112,1,113,1","third,90,1,96,3,97,3,98,2,100,2,102,2,105,1,108,2,112,2,9,1","thirdly,91,1,7,1","third-party,96,2,97,2","thirds,101,1","thirteen,91,2","thirtieth,104,1,100,2,101,4,102,3,108,1","thirty,87,1,90,1,104,1,111,1,112,1","those,87,9,90,6,95,2,99,8,91,3,93,3,98,2,103,2,106,2,100,11,101,11,102,9,105,1,107,3,108,2,110,2,112,1,114,4,115,1,116,3,9,2,21,1","though,98,1,107,1,7,1","thousand,108,1,109,1,111,1,112,5,113,4","thousands,90,1,91,1,93,1","threat,90,41,95,1,99,15,91,1,93,4,106,1,101,5,105,4,110,1,109,2,114,2,115,1,116,3,1,1,2,1,4,1,5,1,9,2,7,3,13,1","threaten,90,1,106,3,101,1,102,1,110,3,114,1","threatened,90,1,106,1,110,1,111,2","threatening,90,1,111,1,8,1,9,1","threatens,90,3,106,1,100,1,101,1,110,1,109,1,111,2","threats,90,9,95,3,91,1,93,1,98,1,105,1,111,1,114,1,115,1,116,1,1,3,5,3,7,1","three,87,3,90,1,91,1,93,1,96,2,97,2,99,1,103,1,106,2,101,1,110,2,112,1,13,1","three-day,6,1,9,1","threeman,96,1,97,1","three-page,96,1,97,1","three-year,103,1","threshold,112,2","thrive,90,1","thrived,87,1","thrives,10,1","through,87,4,88,2,90,6,95,7,91,6,93,5,96,4,97,4,99,1,103,1,106,2,100,2,101,5,102,8,105,2,107,2,108,1,110,2,109,2,111,1,112,2,113,1,114,2,116,4,7,1,9,2,14,1,16,2","throughout,96,1,97,1","thrown,87,1","thuggery,87,1","thursday,2,1,8,1,7,1","thus,87,1,90,9,93,1","thwart,107,1","tied,87,1","ties,93,1,99,1","tiger,96,2,97,2","tigers,90,3,98,2,99,2,13,1","tighten,99,1","till,98,1","time,87,4,90,6,91,5,96,2,97,2,98,3,99,5,103,3,104,5,106,3,100,3,101,5,102,5,105,1,107,3,110,3,109,1,112,10,113,7,18,1,9,1","timely,103,1","times,90,2,96,1,97,1,98,3,112,2,1,1,5,1,10,1,18,1,9,1","timetable,116,1","tireless,93,1","tiru,88,3","title,90,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,112,3,113,1","titokerni,8,1,9,1","titorenko,95,1","titovenko,12,1","tlcs,96,1,97,1","tobago,104,1","today,87,2,88,1,90,9,95,1,91,2,99,10,1,1,5,1,10,1","together,87,1,95,2,93,2,108,1,115,1,116,1,6,1,10,1,9,1","togo,104,1","toiling,87,1","tokyo,90,1,99,2,104,1","tolerance,95,1,93,1,18,1","tolerate,87,1","tolerating,107,1","tome,104,1","tomorrow,91,1","tonga,104,1","tongue,96,4,97,4,98,1","too,87,6,91,1,93,1,99,1,10,1","took,89,1,87,4,90,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,104,2,115,1,116,1,18,1","tool,99,1","tools,88,1,106,1,110,1","tooting,96,1,97,1","top,93,1,98,3,99,2,9,1","topcontainer_leftimage.jpg,62,8","topcontainer_rightimage.jpg,63,8","topic,87,1,96,1,97,1","top-level,96,1,97,1","topmenu_bg.jpg,64,8","topped,96,1,97,1,98,1","torn,98,1","toronto,96,2,97,2","total,87,1,96,1,97,1,98,14,99,2","totalitarian,99,2,9,2","totally,87,3","tough,93,1","toured,96,1,97,1","tourism,87,2,98,5","tourist,87,2,98,7","tournaments,87,1","toward,104,1,106,1,110,1","towards,87,1,90,4,95,1,96,2,97,2,102,3,107,1,108,2,109,1,116,1,17,1","tower,90,1","towers,90,1,107,1","trace,103,1","traced,8,2,9,3","track,96,1,97,1","tracked,7,1","trade,90,2,93,1,96,1,97,1,99,1,112,1,18,1","trading,90,1,107,1,112,2","tradition,90,1","traditional,95,1,93,1","traditions,93,2","traffic,90,5,91,1,93,1,116,1,9,1","traffickers,90,1","trafficking,93,1,96,2,97,2,102,1,107,2,108,1,112,1,13,1","tragedy,99,1","tragic,90,2,93,1,99,1,103,1","trail,96,1,97,1","trained,87,1,90,1,93,1,101,1","training,87,2,90,2,95,1,93,2,99,2,107,1,108,1,18,1","tranquillity,87,1","transaction,111,3,112,6","transactions,96,2,97,2,102,7,108,3,112,13","transcend,96,1,97,1","transfer,96,25,97,25,103,1,107,1,112,3,7,1","transfer_shanaka.pdf,97,4","transferable,112,1","transferred,96,3,97,3,101,14,102,14","transferring,14,1","transfers,96,2,97,2,112,1,14,1","transform,99,1","transformation,87,1,1,1,5,1,17,2","transformations,17,1","transformed,87,1,99,2,9,1","transforming,87,16,1,2,2,2,3,1,4,1,5,6,6,1,8,1,7,2,10,3,11,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,9,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1,17,1,21,1","transition,90,1","translated,92,1,93,1","transmission,112,1","transmit,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,1,109,1","transmitted,112,2","transnational,88,1,93,1,112,1,116,1","transparency,93,1","transport,106,1,101,1,105,2,110,1","transportation,93,1,106,1,102,1,105,1,107,1,110,1","transported,106,2,110,2","transporting,87,1","transports,106,1,110,1","transposed,90,2","transworks,112,1,113,1","travails,91,1","travel,87,1,96,1,97,1,108,1,116,3","travelers,108,1","travellers,102,1,112,2","treat,113,2","treated,95,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","treaties,106,2,100,5,101,3,102,5,107,4,108,1,110,2,109,1,113,2,1,1,5,1","treating,96,1,97,1","treatment,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,111,1","treats,93,2","treaty,95,1,104,1,106,4,100,6,101,5,102,10,105,1,107,1,108,5,110,4,109,5","treaty3,102,4","tremendous,99,1","trend,91,1,98,1","trends,98,2","trial,90,1,101,1,102,1,105,2,112,8,113,4,18,1","tribulations,91,1","tribunal,111,3,112,4,18,1","tribute,90,1,6,1,7,1","tried,87,1,90,1,99,1,109,1","triennium,103,1","tries,99,1","trincomalee,87,1,98,3","trinidad,104,1","trivial,109,1","tro,96,10,97,10","troops,90,1,95,1,99,1","truce,90,1,99,1,9,1","true,90,3","trust,87,1,91,1,93,3,96,1,97,1,112,3","trusted,93,1","trustee,96,2,97,2,112,1","trustful,90,1","trust-manager,96,1,97,1","trust-managers,96,5,97,5","trusts,89,1","trying,99,1","tsf,96,1,97,1","ttn,96,4,97,4","tulf,87,10,2,1,17,1","tunisia,99,1,104,1,105,1","tupamaros,99,1","turkey,90,1,99,3,103,1,104,1","turkish,88,1","turkmenistan,104,1","turks,99,1","turn,90,1,96,1,97,1","turnaround,17,1","turned,90,2,95,1","tv,96,8,97,8","twa,103,1,105,1","twawate,96,1,97,1","twelfth,106,1,110,1","twelve,90,1,91,1","twenty,108,1,111,1,112,1,113,1","twenty-second,100,2,101,2,102,4","twenty-two,102,1","twice,90,1,92,1","twin,90,1","two,89,1,87,2,90,7,91,1,93,2,96,4,97,4,98,3,99,9,103,1,104,1,106,2,100,1,101,2,102,1,105,4,107,1,108,1,110,2,109,1,111,1,113,5,1,1,10,1,18,1","two-day,105,1","two-thirds,101,1","tyo,96,2,97,2","type,87,2,90,1,95,2,99,1,106,1,110,1","types,99,1,101,1","typically,15,1","typology,90,5,96,1,97,1","tyronne,108,1","ucla,92,1","uganda,98,4,104,1","uk,88,3,96,5,97,5,106,1,110,1,18,1","ukraine,104,1,105,1","ul,98,1","ulfa,91,1,98,1","ultimately,93,1,99,2","umbrella,93,1","un,88,1,95,1,91,3,93,2,103,1,106,1,105,3,107,9,110,1,109,1,114,8,115,8,116,8,1,2,5,2,7,1,11,2,9,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,21,4","un01.jpg,65,8","un02.jpg,66,8","unable,100,1,101,1,102,1","unacceptable,99,1","unanimous,104,1","unanimously,90,1,93,1,103,1,107,1","unauthorised,13,1","unavailability,98,1","unavailable,98,1","unavoidable,98,1","unaware,87,1,96,1,97,1","unclear,96,1,97,1","unclos,106,1,110,1","uncompromising,87,1","unconditionally,111,2","under,87,7,90,6,95,1,91,1,93,2,96,6,97,6,99,2,103,4,104,5,106,8,100,3,101,23,102,14,105,5,107,6,108,4,110,8,109,9,111,9,112,66,113,27,114,2,115,1,116,2,1,1,5,1,9,1","undercover,96,1,97,1","under-developed,87,1","underestimated,90,2,99,1","undergo,101,1","undergone,90,1","undergraduate,18,1","underground,90,8,99,2","underline,90,1","underlined,90,2","underlying,106,1,110,1","undermined,15,1","undersigned,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1","understand,87,2,90,1,96,1,97,1,7,1,9,1,16,1","understanding,88,1,90,1,94,1,99,1","understood,90,1,104,1,101,1","undertake,100,1,101,2,102,2,108,1,109,1","undertaken,93,1,96,1,97,1,98,1,101,1,107,1,7,2,11,1","undertones,96,1,97,1","undertook,107,1","underweight,98,4","undi,96,3,97,3","undoubtedly,90,1","undp,18,1","undue,101,1,102,1","unduly,90,1","unemployment,98,4","unequivocal,101,1,102,1,116,1","unequivocally,90,1,109,1,114,1,115,1","un-equivocally,93,1","un-escap,18,1","unesco-madanjeet,18,1","un-expected,87,1","unexplained,95,1","unfortunate,87,2","unfortunately,91,1,93,1","unfounded,87,1","unga,105,1,107,14","unhcr,98,1","unicef,10,1,16,1","unidentifiable,102,1","unidentified,102,1","unido,18,1","unified,93,1,105,1","uniform,93,1,111,1","unify,95,1","unilaterally,87,2,111,2","unincorporated,111,3,112,1","union,87,2,90,7,95,1,99,4","unique,88,1,96,2,97,2","unison,105,1","unit,88,3,96,22,97,22,108,1,112,22,7,1,9,2,14,2","unitary,87,2","unite,93,1,99,1","united,87,12,90,24,95,1,91,4,93,4,96,1,97,1,98,3,99,4,103,3,104,36,100,16,101,20,102,20,105,12,107,6,108,7,111,4,112,1,113,5,114,8,115,4,116,6,1,1,5,1,8,1,10,3,18,3,9,2","units,96,6,97,6,9,1","unity,87,1","universal,90,6,95,1,100,1,107,2,114,1","universities,87,2","university,92,2,94,3,98,1,99,1,103,1,105,1,2,2,8,2,7,1,10,2,11,1,18,8,9,4,12,2,13,1,14,1,15,1,16,1","unjust,109,1","unjustifiable,101,1,102,1,107,3,114,1","unknown,98,1","unlawful,90,3,93,1,103,3,104,4,106,11,101,2,102,7,105,9,108,6,110,11,109,2,111,4,112,15,113,6,21,2","unlawfully,106,1,101,4,102,1,105,1,108,1,110,1,112,1,113,2","unless,87,1,90,1,93,2,104,1,101,2,102,3,105,1,109,1,112,3,113,1","unlike,90,2","unlimited,99,1","unmarked,103,3","uno,90,1,95,2","unodc,107,3","unofficial,98,1","unpalatable,87,1","unpleasant,87,1","unpopular,87,1","unprecedented,90,2,105,1,1,1,5,1,7,1,9,1","unquestionably,90,1","unrealized,98,1","unreasonable,87,2","unreservedly,90,1","unrest,93,1,98,1","unsc,107,1","unsolved,87,1","unstructured,96,1,97,1","unsuccessfully,87,1","unsupported,90,1","unsuspecting,96,1,97,1","until,90,3,91,1,96,1,97,1,99,3,103,1,104,3,100,1,101,1,112,3,113,2,13,1","untiring,87,1","untitled-6,111,4","untold,87,1","unusual,102,3,108,3","unwittingly,91,1","unyielding,87,1,10,1","update,96,1,97,1,106,3,107,4,110,3","updating,93,1,103,1,108,1","upfront,91,1","upheavals,90,1,93,1","upheld,91,1,107,1","upholding,105,1,112,1,113,1","upkeep,96,1,97,1","uplifted,87,1,10,1","upon,91,1,96,1,97,1,106,1,100,1,101,6,102,6,105,1,107,2,110,1,109,1,111,1,112,8,113,1,114,2,116,2,11,1","uprising,87,1","upset,87,1","upstream,90,1","upto,6,1,10,1","up-to-date,90,1","uranium,101,4","uranium-233,101,1","urban,99,1","urdu,88,1","ure,101,1","urged,93,1,103,3,107,2","urgency,87,1,103,1","urgent,90,1,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,9,1","urgently,93,1,96,1,97,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,115,1,116,1","urges,105,2","urging,90,1,103,1,106,1,110,1","urity,101,1","uruguay,99,1,104,1","usa,96,1,97,1,7,1,13,1","use,87,1,90,12,95,4,93,5,96,7,97,7,98,1,99,4,106,3,101,4,102,2,105,1,107,3,108,2,110,3,111,1,116,2,13,1","used,87,1,90,7,91,1,93,1,96,10,97,10,99,3,106,4,101,4,102,6,105,1,107,1,108,6,110,4,109,1,112,3,113,8,116,2","useful,106,1,110,1","uses,88,1,96,1,97,1,99,1,106,1,101,2,110,1","using,90,1,96,5,97,5,99,2,116,1","usis,18,1","usual,102,1","usually,90,1,106,1,110,1,112,1,16,1","uta,90,1,105,1,7,1,18,1","utilize,102,1,108,1","utilized,102,1","utmost,99,1,107,1","utopian,99,1","uva,98,3","uzbekistan,104,1","v.p,18,1","vacant,87,1","vacated,87,1,112,1","vain,90,1","valid,104,2","valuable,96,1,97,1","value,90,3,96,1,97,1,108,1,112,7","value-addition,96,1,97,1","values,87,1,90,6,95,1,93,2","vanni,96,1,97,1,98,1","vanuatu,104,1","vapor,103,1","varatharasa,96,1,97,1","variation,87,1","varied,93,1,98,1","variety,106,1,110,1,1,1,5,1,8,1,14,1","various,87,4,88,1,90,1,98,4,99,1,103,1,105,1,116,1","vary,111,1","vast,90,1,8,1,9,1","vastly,90,3","vavuniya,98,5","veerakathy,96,1,97,1","vehicles,101,2","venezuela,104,9,105,2","vengeance,87,1","venice,90,2","ventures,96,3,97,3","verde,104,1","verified,101,1,102,1,107,1","verify,102,2","versa,95,1","vessel,106,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1","vessels,95,1,91,1,106,2,101,2,110,2,9,1","vest,113,1","vested,112,1","vesting,113,1","vi,98,1,109,1,113,1","via,17,1","viable,15,1","vice,89,1,91,1","vice-president,18,1","vicious,91,1","victim,87,1,91,3,13,1","victims,93,2,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,115,1,16,1","victorian,96,1,97,1","victory,89,1,90,3","video,90,1,9,1","vienna,90,1,103,2,102,1,105,3,107,4,108,1,113,1,8,1,11,1,9,1","viet,104,1","vietnam,10,1,9,1","vietnamese,92,1,18,1","view,90,4,95,1,91,2,96,3,97,3,99,2,103,1,104,2,106,1,105,1,108,1,110,1,109,1,111,3,7,1,10,1","viewed,95,1","views,89,1,95,1,99,1,103,1,106,1,102,1,110,1","vigour,90,1,6,2,8,2,9,1","vii,98,1,109,1,111,2,116,1","viii,108,1,109,2","vijay,89,1","vijeyendran,96,1,97,1","village,87,1","vincent,104,1","vinyagamoorthy,96,1,97,1","violate,107,2","violating,87,1","violation,100,1","violence,87,1,90,7,93,3,94,1,96,3,97,3,98,1,106,6,102,1,105,2,108,1,110,6,109,2,111,1,2,1,7,1,18,1,9,1,13,1,16,2,17,1","violent,90,1,95,1,96,2,97,2,99,1,1,1,5,1,16,1","virtually,87,1,99,1","virtue,104,1,101,1","visa,95,1","vishisht,89,2","visit,88,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","visited,100,1,101,1,102,1,113,1","visiting,92,2,18,4","visitor,18,1","visits,87,3","vital,95,1,91,1,93,1,109,1,114,1","vivekananthan,96,1,97,1","vladimir,95,1,8,1,9,1,12,1","vocational,87,2","voice,87,1","void,93,1,104,1,112,2","volatile,90,1,98,2","volatility,93,1","volley,87,1","volumes,96,1,97,1","voluntarist,90,1","voluntary,87,1,93,1,103,1","volunteers,87,1,99,1","vote,91,1,103,1,107,4,4,1","vote-of-thanks,9,1","votes,87,1","vp,89,5,18,1","vulnerable,90,1,15,1","w.d,15,1","waged,99,1","wait,90,1","wait-and-see,90,1","wanted,90,1,7,1","war,87,1,90,4,92,1,93,9,98,14,99,11,100,1,10,1","warfare,92,1,99,4,18,1","warmth,93,1","warned,87,1","warning,88,1,116,1","warrant,90,2,100,1,101,2,102,2","war-related,98,1","wars,99,1","warships,106,1,110,1","washington,115,1,116,1,7,1","wasn,90,1","watch,96,1,97,1,99,1","water,93,1,98,5","waters,106,3,110,3,9,1","wave,90,1","way,87,2,90,5,95,1,91,2,99,2,104,3,101,4,102,2,107,1,7,1,10,1","ways,87,1,90,1,91,1,93,2,107,1,116,1,1,1,5,1","w-c,88,4","weak,90,1,99,1","weakened,90,1,99,1","weakening,93,1","weakness,90,1","weaknesses,12,1","weapon,90,3,91,1,93,1,99,2,106,3,110,3","weapons,87,2,90,7,93,2,96,6,97,6,98,2,99,1,106,3,101,1,110,3,109,1,112,1,116,2,17,1","wear,111,1","website,98,2,103,2,106,1,105,2,110,1,7,2","wednesday,111,1","weeks,91,2","weeratunga,111,1","weight,87,1,98,1","welcome,4,1","welfare,87,1,98,1,10,1,17,1","well-being,114,1","well-functioning,93,1","well-known,89,1,99,1","wellversed,90,1","wembley,96,2,97,2","went,90,1,105,1","were,87,8,90,16,91,2,96,7,97,7,98,4,99,16,103,3,104,1,102,1,105,3,107,8,108,1,113,2,9,3","west,87,1,90,2,93,1,99,2","western,90,3,98,1,99,3,113,1","whatever,87,1,90,5,99,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,112,1","whatsoever,106,1,100,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,110,1,111,1,112,2","whenever,101,1,102,1","whereabouts,102,1","whereas,109,2,111,6,113,4","whereby,104,4,101,1,102,1","wherein,93,1,108,1,111,1","whereof,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1","wherever,87,1,90,1,101,1,102,1,107,1,112,1,113,1,114,2","whether,90,1,95,1,91,2,99,1,103,1,106,1,100,2,101,2,102,5,105,1,108,1,110,1,109,1,112,8,10,1","whichever,106,1,110,1,112,1","while,87,2,90,1,95,1,91,3,96,2,97,2,98,11,99,2,112,1,1,2,5,1,8,1,7,4,9,3,16,2","whilst,91,1,112,1,9,1","white-papers,88,1","who,87,10,90,12,95,3,91,2,93,3,96,1,97,1,99,17,106,2,100,7,101,9,102,7,105,3,107,2,108,1,110,2,111,7,112,17,113,6,114,1,116,5,8,4,7,4,10,2,18,1,9,5","whoever,109,2","whole,87,1,90,2,93,1,98,1,102,1,109,1,112,2","whom,87,1,100,3,101,2,102,3,108,1,112,6,113,2","whomever,90,1,101,1,102,1,114,2","whomsoever,107,1","whose,91,1,99,7,106,2,101,3,102,3,105,1,107,2,110,2,109,2,112,1,113,1","wicked,93,1","wickremanayake,7,1","wide,87,1,90,1,91,1,96,1,97,1,107,1,13,1","widely,91,1,98,1,9,1","wider,10,1","widespread,96,1,97,1","widest,7,1","wijemanna-icct,19,1","wijemanne,10,1,16,1","wijesinghe,17,1","wijesinha,10,1","wilful,116,1","wilfully,102,1,113,2","willfully,108,1","willing,90,1,99,3,101,1,9,2","willingly,99,2","willingness,17,1","wills,99,1","win,87,1,93,1,99,1,10,1","windsor,88,1","winner,18,1","wisely,99,1","wish,87,2,91,1,93,1,99,1,104,1","wishes,104,1,106,1,110,1","withdraw,99,1,100,1,101,1,102,1","withdrawal,104,3,106,1,105,1,110,1,113,1","withdrawals,103,1","withdrawn,106,1,110,1","withdraws,104,4","without,87,7,90,11,95,1,91,3,96,1,97,1,98,1,99,1,103,1,104,2,100,4,101,6,102,12,105,1,107,5,108,3,109,2,111,1,112,5,113,3,116,1,17,1","with-out,87,1","withstand,95,2","withstanding,91,1","witness,100,1,101,1,102,1,108,1,109,1,18,1","witnessing,99,1","wittingly,91,1","wmd,99,4,106,1,107,2,110,1","women,93,1,98,2","word,89,4,87,4,88,4,90,4,95,4,92,4,93,4,94,4,96,4,97,4,98,4,99,4,104,4,107,4","wording,99,1","words,93,1,10,1","work,87,1,88,1,90,2,95,1,93,4,96,1,97,1,103,5,106,1,107,2,108,1,110,1,114,1,115,1,116,2","worked,90,1,93,1","workers,91,1","working,87,1,90,1,95,1,99,1","works,107,1,18,2","world,87,4,88,3,90,23,95,2,91,4,93,2,98,5,99,13,116,1,1,2,2,1,5,2,7,4,10,2,18,1,9,1,14,1,17,1","world.â€�,7,1","world’s,18,1","world-check,88,9,18,2,9,1","worldwide,88,1,90,3,96,1,97,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,114,1","worried,99,1","worry,90,1","worse,87,1,98,2","worsen,95,1","worsened,90,1","worsening,90,1","worth,98,1,99,3","worthy,91,2","would,87,6,90,2,95,1,91,6,93,5,96,1,97,1,98,1,99,1,104,1,106,2,101,2,102,1,105,2,107,1,108,1,110,2,10,1,9,2","would-be,99,1","wounded,99,2","wrestle,91,1","write,87,1","writers,9,1","writing,112,1","written,89,1,87,1,88,1,92,1,103,1,100,1,101,1,102,3,111,1,112,3,113,2","wrongs,87,1","wrote,87,2","www.icao.org,103,1,105,1","www.imo.org,106,1,110,1","www.kadirgamarinstitute.lk,7,1","www.sipri.org,98,1","www.tkb.org,98,2","www.undcp.org,103,1,105,1","www.world-check.com,88,1","xi,109,1","xxv,109,1,116,1","yashwant,108,1","yasushi,87,2","year,87,1,88,1,90,5,91,1,98,7,99,1,103,2,106,2,100,1,101,1,102,1,105,1,107,2,108,1,110,2,109,1,112,6,113,2,8,1,7,1,9,3","years,89,1,87,7,88,1,90,10,95,1,91,1,92,2,93,2,96,4,97,4,98,4,99,7,103,1,106,1,102,1,110,1,109,1,111,6,112,3,113,2,8,1,7,3,18,1,9,2,14,1","yemen,99,1,104,1","yet,90,4,106,1,108,1,110,1,1,1,5,1,10,1","york,90,2,100,2,101,2,102,2,109,1,115,1,116,1,7,1,18,1","young,99,3","youth,95,1,93,1,96,3,97,3","youths,87,3","yugoslav,104,2","yugoslavia,104,4","zambia,104,1","zarqawi,99,2","zawahari,99,2","zealand,104,1,107,1","zenith,99,1","zhang,8,1,9,1,12,1","zilva,9,1","zilwa,14,1","zimbabwe,104,1","zin,99,1","zone,93,1","zubeidah,99,1","zurich,96,3,97,3"); arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"about_icct.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures» International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) Background An increasing number of democratically elected governments are facing an unprecedented challenge in history - the challenge of terrorism.  It grips the world today in its ability to strike, at places and times of its choice, with intent to cause maximum possible damage and destruction to property, and death to innocent civilians.  Terrorism is nowacommon problem to both the developed and developing world. The United Nations has identified terrorism as a threat to good governance, the international order and the stability of nations.  Under the aegis of the UN a number of treaties have entered into force, resolutions adopted and conferences organised and specialised offices established to counter terrorism in all its manifestations. Particularly after 9/11, the international community has shown an increased resolve to develop mechanisms to counter terrorism effectively in all its manifestations. Yet, there is no sign of the abatement of this menace.  Terrorism has shown a limitless capacity for mutative growth and infiltration into a variety of fields of human endeavour in the face of attempts by democratic countries to counter it.  The theme of this Conference will be ‘Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments’. It will highlight the challenges posed to democratically elected governments by terrorist movements and discuss strategies required to counter such threats. The Conference will discuss attendant issues such as terrorist fund raising, threats posed by terrorist networks, socio – economic costs of terrorism, international and regional responses to terrorism, the domestic dimension of terrorism, the role of the media and civil society, and the prospects for transformation of terrorists, within an ambit of adherence to democracy and human rights. Given Sri Lanka’s particular circumstances as a nation besieged by terrorism of increasing sophistication and complexity, the distinctive terrorist threats confronting Sri Lanka, a democracy with an active and articulate civil society and free media, will be a particular focus. Objectives Within the framework laid down by the UN Task Force on Terrorism, the proposed Conference will pursue the following objectives: To share experiences in counter terrorism measures adopted by democratic countries To strengthen the long term structural stability of democratic nation states engaged in conflict with terrorist groups To promote public policies aimed at growth in development and protection of human rights while combating terrorism To evaluate strategies that are aimed at dissuading disenchanted groups from resorting to terrorism to achieve political goals and explore ways and means of transforming terrorists to embrace non – violent methods in seeking political ends and enter mainstream democratic society. Structure of the Conference The Conference will have a plenary session and a concluding session focused on the Conference theme, while the seven panel sessions will deal with subjects of thematic importance. Each thematic session will have a principal speaker and two discussants. (The principal speaker’s presentation will be for 30 minutes followed by each discussant being given 10 minutes. Q & A session will last 40 minutes.) All content on this site is © ICCT Designed and Developed by Four Corners ",9);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"Agenda.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Day 01 - Thursday, October 18, 2007 Inaugural Session: (5.30 pm to 7.30 pm ) ‘Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments’ Principal Speaker    : Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts from France   “The threat posed by International Terrorist Networksâ€� Read more Day 02 - Friday, October 19, 2007 Panel 01 (9.00 a.m. to 10.30 a.m.) ‘International Responses to Terrorism’ Principal Speaker :   Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere (France) Read more Panel 02 (11.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m.) ‘Regional Responses to Terrorism’ Principal Speaker : Gen. V P Malik (Former Commander of the Indian Army) Read more Panel 03 (2.00 p.m. to 3.30 p.m.) ‘Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism’ Principal Speaker : Dr. Rohan Gunaratna, Head, International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, Singapore Read more Panel 04 (4.00 p.m. to 5.30. p.m.) ‘Combating Terrorist Financing’ Principal Speaker :Mr. David Leppan, Founder & CEO, World Check Co - Speaker: Mr. Shanaka Jayasekara, Researcher, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Read more Day 03 - Saturday, October 20, 2007 Panel 05 (9.00 a.m. to 10.30 a.m.) ‘Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism’ Principal Speaker : Dr. Saman Kelegama (Executive Director, Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka) Read more Panel 06 (11 .00 a.m. to 12.30. p.m.) ‘Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society’ Principal Speaker : Dr. Shyam Tekwani, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Read more Panel 07 (2.00 p.m. to 3.30 p.m.) Transforming Terrorists Principal Speaker : Mr. V. Anandasangaree, Leader TULF Read more Closing Session (4.00 p.m. to 5.30 p.m.) ‘Wrap up Panel Discussion on Conference theme \' Chairperson : Dr. Palitha Kohona, Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka Participants : All invited Principal Speakers All content on this site is © ICCT Designed and Developed by Four Corners ",10);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"contactus.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Fore further details about the International Conference on Countering Terrorism please contact Program Coordinator: Mr. Dinidu de Alwis: +94 0115754603 +94 071-599211 dinidu.dealwis@gmail.com The Executive Director of Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies: Mr. C.D. Casie Chetty - +94 0115363501/3 lkiirss@gmail.com All content on this site is © ICCT Designed and Developed by Four Corners ",7);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"dayOne.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Inaugural Session: ‘Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments’ Welcome Address Mr. C.D. Casie Chetty , Executive Director, The Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations &amp; Strategic Studies Inaugural Address : Sri Lanka: a  \'foot soldier \' in the battle against terrorism Hon. Rohitha Bogollagama , Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka Read the Text Guest of Honour: Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere , Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges (France) Principal Speaker: Dr. Gerard Chaliand , Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts (France) “The threat posed by International Terrorist Networksâ€� Read the text Vote of Thanks: Dr. Palitha T. B. Kohona , Secretary,Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ",7);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"default.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT),ICCT,ICCT 2007,About ICCT,Agenda,Participants,Media Releases ,Programme,Inaugural Session ,International Response to Terrorism,Regional Response to Terrorism,Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism ,Combat","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","| Contact Us ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » An increasing number of democratically elected governments are facing an unprecedented challenge in history - the challenge of terrorism. It grips the world today in its ability to strike, at places and times of its choice, with intent to cause maximum possible damage and destruction to property, and death to innocent civilians. Terrorism is now a common problem to both the developed and developing world. The United Nations has identified terrorism as a threat to good governance, the international order and the stability of nations. Under the aegis of the UN a number of treaties have entered into force, resolutions adopted and conferences organised and specialized offices established to counter terrorism in all its manifestations. Particularly after 9/11, the international community has shown an increased resolve to develop mechanisms to counter terrorism effectively in all its manifestations. Yet, there is no sign of the abatement of this menace. Terrorism has shown a limitless capacity for mutative growth and infiltration into a variety of fields of human endeavour in the face of attempts by democratic countries to counter it. The theme of this Conference will be ‘Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments’ It highlighted the challenges posed to democratically elected governments by terrorist movements and discussed strategies required to counter such threats. The Conference also discussed issues such as terrorist fund raising, threats posed by terrorist networks, socio – economic costs of terrorism, international and regional responses to terrorism, the domestic dimension of terrorism, the role of the media and civil society, and the prospects for transformation of terrorists, within an ambit of adherence to democracy and human rights. Given Sri Lanka’s particular circumstances as a nation besieged by terrorism of increasing sophistication and complexity, the distinctive terrorist threats confronting Sri Lanka, a democracy with an active and articulate civil society and free media, had been a particular focus. Within the framework laid down by the UN Task Force on Terrorism, the Conference had pursued the following objectives: To share experiences in counter terrorism measures adopted by democratic countries To strengthen the long term structural stability of democratic nation states engaged in conflict with terrorist groups To promote public policies aimed at growth in development and protection of human rights while combating terrorism To evaluate strategies that are aimed at dissuading disenchanted groups from resorting to terrorism to achieve political goals and explore ways and means of transforming terrorists to embrace non – violent methods in seeking political ends and enter mainstream democratic society. ",9);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"media_releases.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures» ICCT concludes recognizing greater cooperation at both the bilateral and multilateral levels 22 Octomber 2007 The International Conference on Countering Terrorism concluded on Saturday (20/10) recognizing the increasing challenge posed to democratic states by terrorist groups, and the need for greater cooperation at both the bilateral and multilateral levels in facing upto this challenge... Read More Conference on Countering Terrorism draws international terrorism experts to Colombo 20 Octomber 2007 The three-day International Conference on Countering Terrorism is now on in Colombo on the theme  \'Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments. \' The Conference, brought together renowned terrorism experts, including from the academia and the media, from 23 countries including Australia, China,... Read More Judge Bruguiere calls for repressing LTTE with vigour 19 Octomber 2007 Renowned Chairman of the French Anti-Terrorist Judges, Judge Jean Louis Bruguiere, has said the French Government considers that an organization like the LTTE is a terrorist organization like any other and that its activities even in the area of logistics, have to be repressed with the same vigour as for terrorist... Read More “Sri Lanka’s Continued Leadership in Global Struggle Against Terrorism, Highest Tribute to Kadirgamarâ€� 16 Octomber 2007 Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama announces Sri Lanka’s plans to host an International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT). Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama announcing Sri Lanka’s plans to host an International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) from 18-20 October 2007 in Colombo,... Read More ",8);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"media_releases1610.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism “Sri Lanka’s Continued Leadership in Global Struggle Against Terrorism, Highest Tribute to Kadirgamarâ€� 16th August 2007 Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama announces Sri Lanka’s plans to host an International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT). Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama announcing Sri Lanka’s plans to host an International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) from 18-20 October 2007 in Colombo, has described it “as a lasting monument for the late Minister Lakshman Kadirgamarâ€�, “so that his memory will be remembered as one not only who has sacrificed his life due to terrorismâ€�, but for his efforts “in bringing the world to understand the effects of terrorism and the need to counter the same.â€� The Minister said he saw the ICCT “as the start of a process that has the prospect of growing to be something like the “Shangri-La Dialogueâ€� held annually in Singapore by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) which is devoted to discuss defense and military issuesâ€�. He said Sri Lanka’s “thirty years of experience and sacrifices made on account of terrorismâ€�, and the manner “in which it is finding its way out of terrorismâ€�, had broader relevance, particularly to developing democracies. Minister Bogollagama made these observations when on Thursday (16 August 2007), he addressed a media conference at the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies (LKIIRSS) in his capacity as Foreign Minister and Chairperson of the Board of Management of the LKIIRSS, to brief the media on details of the proposed ICCT. The LKIIRSS, a body affiliated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs named after the late Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar, functions as a multi-disciplinary research forum dedicated to study Sri Lanka’s strategic interests and develop a national perspective on issues related to international relations and strategic studies, within the contemporary domestic and global contexts. He noted that since its inauguration on 10 August 2006, this conference will be the first major initiative undertaken by the LKIIRSS. The Minister said the theme of the conference will be  \'Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments \'. Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake will be the Chief Guest at the inaugural session, while the Special Guest of Honour will be the renowned French investigating magistrate in charge of counter-terrorism affairs Judge Jean Louis Bruguiere. He said, besides being credited as having tracked down and captured one of the world \'s most wanted terrorists, Carlos (the Jackal) and being involved in the case of UTA Flight 772 which was sabotaged over the Sahara Desert in 1989 with the loss of 170 lives, in more recent years Judge Bruguiere was invited by the US Government to assist in the investigations conducted into the terrorist acts of 9/11 in New York and Washington. He also investigated the LTTE’s illegal fund raising activities in France. The conference will have eminent personalities in their respective fields lead eight thematic sessions. They are; Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts from France (International Terrorist Networks), Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Anti-Terrorism Judge of France. (International Responses to Terrorism), Gen. V P Malik, Former Commander of the Indian Army (Regional Responses to Terrorism), Dr. Rohan Gunaratna, Head, International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, Singapore (Domestic Dimension of Terrorism), Dr Peter Chalk, Political Scientist and Analyst, RAND Corporation, USA. (Combating Terrorist Financing), Dr. Saman Kelegama, Executive Director, Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka. (Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism), Mr. Shyam Tekwani, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society) and Mr. N. Ram, Editor-in-Chief, Hindu Group of Newspapers (Transforming Terrorists). A concluding panel discussion on the conference theme will be chaired by Dr. Palitha Kohona, Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka and will be attended by all principal speakers. Commenting on the factors that prompted the decision to host the ICCT in Colombo at the present juncture, the Minister said firstly, since the events of 9/11, while there has been much focus on the terrorist threat posed to the developed world and to its interests, comparable attention has not been paid to the challenge faced in the developing world, particularly to democratically elected governments by terrorists. Hence there is a need to compare experiences, and to discuss strategies required to counter such threats through enhanced international cooperation. Secondly, in recent years, particularly since the signing of the Ceasefire Agreement (CFA), there are sections of the global community, while being misled or more consciously seeking to dilute, sometimes even ignore the fact that Sri Lanka confronts a serious terrorist problem from the LTTE, a threat that terrorism expert and Chief Scientist at the Centre for Asymmetric Threat Studies at the Swedish National Defence College Dr Magnus Ranstorp has described as “probably the most sophisticated terrorist organization in the world.â€� He said, “it is not as though this fact is not known among experts in the field who deal with this problem who have made constant references in the terrorism related literature of instances and also further potential for technology transfer involving the LTTEâ€�, and noted that “the past year has seen an unprecedented level of action taken against LTTE activists and members of LTTE front organizations operating internationally, both by individual countries, as well as by international bodies such as the UN, for terrorist involvementâ€�. Thirdly, he said it was proposed to devote an entire session of the conference to the theme “Transforming Terroristsâ€�, which is reflective of the Sri Lanka Government’s continued commitment to seek to arrive at a negotiated settlement, notwithstanding past failures. He said Sri Lanka was ready to learn from the experiences of other countries, as well as our own, how this goal can be achieved. It was noted that in addition to local participants, it is proposed to invite for the ICCT prominent foreign academics and journalists who have previously focused on terrorism related issues as well as on the activities of the LTTE in Sri Lanka and overseas. The proceedings of the conference will also be published in English, Sinhala and Tamil languages and possibly in several other international languages, with a view to ensuring the widest possible distribution both in Sri Lanka and overseas. Most of the costs of the conference will be borne by the Foreign Ministry on the basis of a cabinet paper presented by the Foreign Minister last month, while the Financial Intelligence Unit of the Central Bank and the Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation has also undertaken to bear the costs of certain aspects of the conference. The Foreign Minister, in association with the members of the Board of Management of the LKIIRSS also ceremonially launched the website ( http://www.kadirgamarinstitute.lk/ ) which has been a long felt need. In addition, a dedicated website is also being launched for the ICCT. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Colombo 16 August 2007 ",12);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"media_releases1910.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism Judge Bruguiere calls for repressing LTTE with vigour 19th October 2007 Renowned Chairman of the French Anti-Terrorist Judges, Judge Jean Louis Bruguiere, has said the French Government considers that an organization like the LTTE is a terrorist organization like any other and that its activities even in the area of logistics, have to be repressed with the same vigour as for terrorist networks operating on our [French] soil and threatening us directly and that it on this basis that in April this year the French Government had dismantled a vast network of Tamil militants who actively supported the LTTE, notably at the financial level. Judge Bruguiere, who was the Guest of Honour at the International Conference on Countering Terrorism, which was inaugurated by Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama in Colombo on Thursday (18th Oct. ‘07), made this observation when he addressed the first panel of the day focused on the international responses to terrorism. Judge Bruguiere who traced the manner in which international efforts at responding to terrorism has evolved over the years, said if the fight against terrorism is an inescapable requirement, “we owe it to ourselves to reinforce our international cooperation at every level, notably by adopting multilateral or bilateral conventions in the field of judicial cooperation as well as extradition.â€� This session, which was chaired by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Colombo, Prof. Amal. Jayawardena, also included the Executive Director of the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies, Dr. Rifaat Hussain and the Senior Terrorism Prevention Officer of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Dr. Ms. Irka Kuleshnyk. The Conference is being attended by renowned experts and academics deliberating on a variety of terrorism related issues. Addressing the panel on regional responses to terrorism, former Commander of the Indian Army, Gen. V. P. Malik emphasized the need to combat and defeat terrorism in all its manifestations. He said “terrorist activities anywhere will stop only when their fuel runs out.â€� Gen. Malik who traced the important steps taken to counter terrorism in South Asia, emphasized the need for a regional strategy and cooperation but essentially, local operatives and doctrines. Former Secretary General of SAARC, Ambassador Nihal Rodrigo, chaired this session, while the discussants comprised the Associate Research Fellow of the China Institute of International Studies, Prof. Zhang Lijun, the Deputy Director of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Mr. Vladimir Titokerni as well as the Pro-Chancellor and Director of the School of Science and Forensic Science, National Law University Rajastan, India, Prof. P. Chandra Sekharan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Colombo 01 19th October 2007 ",8);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"media_releases2010.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism Conference on Countering Terrorism draws international terrorism experts to Colombo 20th October 2007 The three-day International Conference on Countering Terrorism is now on in Colombo on the theme  \'Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments. \' The Conference, brought together renowned terrorism experts, including from the academia and the media, from 23 countries including Australia, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, the United States and Vietnam. It was also widely attended by the Diplomatic Community. Delivering the Inaugural Address, Foreign Minister Rohitha Bogollagama, highlighted that Sri Lanka had been a foot soldier in the battle against terrorism over a long period of time and notwithstanding some impediments and setbacks, can in several aspects count itself as having been a success story in the battle against terrorism. Sri Lanka \'s refusal to compromise or condone terrorism while constantly seeking to resolve the conflict through political means, to persuade other states to proscribe the LTTE, prevent money flows and apprehend those conniving with terrorists, has been significant. Successive governments and the people of Sri Lanka have also shown considerable resilience in the face of terror, whilst also ensuring that economic growth was not compromised. The Minister hoped that the deliberations of this Conference would, among other matters focus on the need for states to go beyond merely adopting conventions, to convert these into tangible action by developing enabling legislation and taking concrete action against those including terrorist front organizations operating from their soil. Noting that a bulk of maritime traffic passes through the Indian Ocean region and that in recent times many acts of terrorism had taken place in these waters, the Minister emphasized the urgent necessity to develop robust modalities to arrest the growing threat that faces Indian Ocean states from terrorists. The former Director of the European Center for the Study of Conflicts in France, and one of the earliest writers in the field of terrorism, Dr. Gerard Chaliand traced the evolution of terrorism over the years. Referring to the LTTE, he said the independence they ask cannot be granted and should not be granted, not only because no State is willing to accept such a blow to its sovereignity but also because, like the Shining Path or the Khmer Rouges, the LTTE under the leadership of V. Prabhakaran is a totalitarian movement, which has transformed its groups into a killing machine. He said the most important thing about the LTTE is that it is a totalitarian movement fighting in a country which is democratic. He said the LTTE has brutally eliminated all other parties or groups willing to represent the Tamils. An absolutely intolerant sect, no peace seems possible with V. Prabhakaran as we have seen from the peace process of 2002-2005, which was but a tactical truce, Dr. Chaliand added. Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Palitha Kohona delivering the vote-of-thanks repeated the unprecedented challenge Sri Lanka faces in combating terrorism and Sri Lanka. He said the world had focused on international terrorism only after 9/11 but terrorism had affected countries long before then. He emphasized that the international rule of law against terrorism is being strong themed each year, adding that there are 13 UN Conventions addressing different dimensions of the global terrorist threat and a comprehensive convention is being negotiated. The Foreign Secretary pointed out that terrorism will never be eradicated solely by cooperation among law enforcement officials. It requires a concerted political effort and policy coordination among countries. Further it also requires an ability to understand and minimize the motivation and impetus that inspire terrorist acts. Renowned Chairman of the French Anti-Terrorist Judges, Judge Jean Louis Bruguiere, who was the Guest of Honour of the Conference, and addressing the first panel of the day focused on the international responses to terrorism, traced the manner in which international efforts at responding to terrorism have evolved over the years, stating that if the fight against terrorism is an inescapable requirement, we owe it to ourselves to reinforce our international cooperation at every level, notably by adopting multilateral or bilateral conventions in the field of judicial cooperation as well as extradition. He said the French Government considers that an organization like the LTTE is a terrorist organization like any other and that its activities even in the area of logistics, have to be repressed with the same vigour as for terrorist networks operating on our [French] soil and threatening us directly and that on this basis that in April this year the French Government had dismantled a vast network of Tamil militants who actively supported the LTTE, notably at the financial level. This session, which was chaired by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Colombo, Prof. Amal Jayawardena,while the discussants were the Executive Director of the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies, Dr. Rifaat Hussain and the Senior Terrorism Prevention Officer of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Dr. Ms. Irka Kuleshnyk. Addressing the panel on regional responses to terrorism, former Commander of the Indian Army, Gen. V. P. Malik emphasized the need to combat and defeat terrorism in all its manifestations. He said terrorist activities anywhere will stop only when their fuel runs out. Gen. Malik who traced the important steps taken to counter terrorism in South Asia, emphasized the need for a regional strategy and cooperation, but essentially local operatives and doctrines. Former Secretary General of SAARC, Ambassador Nihal Rodrigo, chaired this session, while the discussants comprised the Associate Research Fellow of the China Institute of International Studies, Prof. Zhang Lijun, the Deputy Director of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Mr. Vladimir Titokerni as well as the Pro-Chancellor and Director of the School of Science and Forensic Science, National Law University Rajastan, India, Prof. P. Chandra Sekharan. The third thematic session focused on the domestic dimensions of terrorism where the head of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research in Singapore, Dr. Rohan Gunaratna, who was the principal speaker, who joining the deliberations on a video link, highlighted the recent successes of the security forces in combating LTTE terrorism. He noted that within the year the Sri Lanka Navy destroyed eight merchant vessels. In order to defeat the LTTE, Dr. Gunaratna articulated the need for strengthening and building capacity in the intelligence field, with a high degree of professionalism, and also stressed the necessity for special forces and elite units that could target the leadership of the LTTE. Former Inspector General of Police, Mr. Chandra Fernando chaired the discussion at which intervention were made by Deputy Solicitor General, Mr. Dappula de Livera and Prof. Karunaratne Hangawatte of the University of Nevada. The final panel discussion of the day focused of the critical area of combating terrorist financing, where the Founder and CEO of World-Check, Mr. David Leppan spoke extensively on the manner in which terror groups collect funds and their illegal activities. Researcher of the Centre for Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism of the Macquarie University of Australia, Mr. Shanaka Jayasekera the co-speaker at this session noted that the LTTE \'s supply chain capability has been significantly disrupted, estimated at between 65% to 70%. This would result in the need for the LTTE to aggressively campaign for fund raising activities in the 12 top level resource mobilization countries. In order to maintain the advantage the Government has achieved, it is imperative that the fund-raising be curbed with international cooperation in the next few months. Therefore it is suggested that a contact group be established as a prelude to the commencement of a political process. The Deputy Governor of the Central Bank, Dr. Ms. Ranee Jayamaha chaired the sessions, at which the discussants were Mrs. Joan De Zilva Moonesinghe formerly of the Financial Investigation Unit and the Advisor of the Financial Investigation Unit of the Central Bank, Mr. Eric Stonecipher. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Colombo 20 October 2007 ",14);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"media_releases2210.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism ICCT concludes recognizing greater cooperation at both the bilateral and multilateral levels 22th October 2007 The International Conference on Countering Terrorism concluded on Saturday (20/10) recognizing the increasing challenge posed to democratic states by terrorist groups, and the need for greater cooperation at both the bilateral and multilateral levels in facing upto this challenge. The Conference, attended by terrorism experts including academia and media from 23 countries, pledged to continue to function as a network in furthering the struggle against terrorism. In comments, concluding the sessions of the Conference, which involved all the principal speakers, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Palitha Kohona, said “Terrorism has affected many countries of the democratic world, and we share the pain and the determination to deal with this problem resolutely.â€� He pointed out that “it was evident from the discussion which occurred over the last two days that Sri Lanka has taken a firm position with regard to terrorism consistent with the attitudes of other countries which have suffered from terrorism.â€� Noting that, “when a sovereign state is challenged by the brutal terrorist organizations there is no choice but to face it,â€� adding that “It is our duty to deal with it now and resolve it today. There was no reason to leave this problem for yet another generation to suffer.â€� The need to develop strategic doctrine for countering terrorism beyond mere action at the operational level, was also highlighted by the participants from countries, who had faced similar situations. It was also suggested that a Regional Counter Terrorism Centre be established to monitor and share experiences among countries. The session on the Socio economic costs of terrorism, which was chaired by Professor of Economics of the University of Colombo, Prof. W. D. Lakshman, had as its Principal Speaker, Executive Director of the Institute of Policy Studies, Dr. Saman Kelegama who examined the costs of terrorism from a multi-dimensional perspective, focused on the economic output loss, the damage and destruction to the physical and social infrastructure as well as the human cost of war in terms of deaths and displacement. Dr. Kelegama summarized his comments by saying that a sovereign state had no choice but to confront terrorism despite the costs. The Discussants joining the session included the former Director of the Department of Statistics of the Central Bank, Dr. Anila Bandaranaike as well as the Principal Researcher of the Point Pedro Institute of Development, Dr. Muthukrishna Sarvananthan. Assistant Professor of the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Mr. Shyam Tekwani was the Principal Speaker at the session on terrorism and the role of the media and civil society which was presided over by the Chairman of the Marga Institute, Mr. Mangala Moonesinghe, and which included the Director of the Sri Lanka College of Journalism, Mr. Arjuna Ranawana and Dr. Hiranthi Wijemanne, formerly of UNICEF. Identifying key areas in which the media needed to play a more proactive role, Mr. Tekwani examined the implications of “an independent media, and whether it needed to be an irresponsible one.â€� Noting that “terrorism is not an ideology, but a methodologyâ€� Mr. Tekwani observed that terrorism is “not an objective, but a method of achieving an objective.â€� He also pointed out that terrorism is a means of communication, with more focus after 9/11 as a means to get to wider society. He commended the manner in which, in recent times, the Sri Lankan Government was seeking to engage the media proactively. The final thematic session of the Conference was on “Transforming “terroristsâ€�: Lessons from Sri Lanka,â€� with the leader of the Tamil United Liberation Front, V. Anandasangaree as the Principal Speaker emphasized that ‘the problem of transforming terrorists is a multi-faceted, complicating and peculiar to Sri Lanka,â€� and noting that “terrorism is not merely a challenge to democratically elected Governments; it is also a greater challenge for electing Democratic Governments.â€� Mr. Anandasangaree was of the view that “the LTTE is such a ruthless organization with unyielding character, will never agree for a solution other than separation,â€� and also pointed out that “while transforming the terrorists, simultaneously the general life standard of the people also should be uplifted to win the hearts and minds in order to ensure a long lasting peace.â€� The session which was chaired by the Secretary General of the Secretariat for Coordinating the Peace Process, Prof. Rajiva Wijesinha, had as its discussants the Minister of Social Services and Social Welfare, Douglas Devananda and the Coordinator of the Nepal Council of World Affairs and expert on peace building, Dr. Som Pudasaini. Minister Devananda noted that “the LTTE thrives on the Tamil cause. It has stood in the way of negotiated settlement within the framework of united Sri Lanka, fearing such an arrangement would not give room for their fascist rule of law.â€� He stressed that “the fundamental concept of tackling terrorism is that we should not do what the terrorist expect us to do; in other words we should not fall prey to their maneuvers. LTTE terrorism too has to be tackled keeping this notion in mind.â€� The International Conference on Countering Terrorism, which concluded its session brought together renowned terrorism experts, including academia and the media, from Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, the United States of America and Vietnam. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Colombo 22 October 2007 ",11);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"panel01.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Panel: 01 “International Responses to Terrorismâ€� Friday, October 19, 2007 from 9.00 a.m. to 10.30 a.m. The UN has adopted a series of conventions on the prevention and suppression of terrorism, focusing on core crimes committed by terrorists, including hijacking, attacks on maritime navigation, hostage taking, terrorist bombings, nuclear terrorism and terrorist financing. International terrorism is now connected with international organised crime. These conventions seek to deny terrorists a safe haven by imposing upon States Parties an obligation either to extradite or prosecute terrorist offenders. In the aftermath of 9 /11, the Security Council adopted a series of further Resolutions and established the Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC), to monitor measures taken by the Member States to comply with international obligations in responding to terrorism. The Panel will discuss the need for a more coordinated approach in formulating an effective international response to terrorism, paying particular attention to the manner of discharge to date of international obligations undertaken by Member States. Principal Speaker : Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere (France), Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges (France) “International Responses to Terrorismâ€� Read the text Chair of Panel Session : Prof. Amal Jayawardene, Professor of International Relations, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka Discussants : (i) Dr. Rifaat Hussain, Executive Director Regional Centre for Strategic studies (ii) Ms. Irka Kuleshnyk, Senior Terrorism Prevention Officer, UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna ",8);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"panel02.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures» Panel: 02 “Regional Responses to Terrorismâ€� Friday, October 19, 2007 from 11.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. International efforts to combat terrorism require coordinated measures both at the global as well as regional levels. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) adopted the SAARC Convention on Suppression of Terrorism (1987). This was followed by the adoption of the SAARC Additional Protocol to the SAARC Convention on Terrorism (2004), to give effect to UN Security Council Resolution No. 1373 on criminalising terrorist fund raising. Regional initiatives in Europe, ASEAN, America etc; seek to deal with terrorism on a regional basis. The Panel will discuss the importance of a co-ordinated regional response to terrorism, the strengths and weaknesses of the existing framework within South Asia, and explore avenues to coordinate the region’s response with that of the adjacent regions of South East Asia and the Gulf region as well as international bodies Principal Speaker : Gen. V P Malik (Former Commander of the Indian Army) “Regional Response to Terrorismâ€� Read the text Chair of Panel Session : Ambassador Nihal Rodrigo, Former Ambassador to China and former Secretary General, SAARC Discussant : (i) Prof. Zhang Ligun, Associate Research Fellow, China Institute of International Studies. (ii) Prof. Chandra Sekharan, Pro-Chancellor &amp; Director, School of Science &amp; Forensic Science, National Law University, Jodhpur, India. (iii) Dr. Makmur Keliat Manager for Research &amp; Publications, Faculty of Social &amp; Political Sciences, University of Indonesia. (iv) Mr. Vladimir Titovenko, Deputy Director, Department of Countering Terrorism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russia... Read the Text ",8);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"panel03.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures» Panel: 03 “Domestic Dimensions of Terrorismâ€� Friday, October 19, 2007 from 2.00 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. Sri Lanka provides a case study of a democratic polity that has for over three decades been a victim of terrorism of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). There has been hardly any noteworthy tangible action taken by the international community to arrest its ramifications until the incidents of 9/11 when the threat posed by the LTTE, was better appreciatded. The problems confronted and the experience gained by Sri Lanka in grappling with LTTE terrorism - both internally and the ramifications resulting from its support networks abroad, including the diaspora, have attracted wide attention. The panel will deal with the relevant issues arising from the crimes committed by the LTTE including acts of piracy, unauthorised use of aircraft to bomb non – military targets, its global fundraising, human trafficking, narcotics smuggling, money laundering, arms procurement and shipping, intelligence operations and propaganda/ lobbying operations, and examine the counter measures adopted by the host state and the foreign governments, and UN agencies in curbing their activities. Principal Speaker : Dr. Rohan Gunaratna, Head, International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, Singapore Chair of Panel Session : Mr. Chandra Fernando, former IGP Discussants : (i) Mr. Dapula de Livera, Deputy Solicitor General (ii) Prof. Karunaratne Hangawatta, Senior Lecturer of Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, USA Read the Text ",7);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"panel04.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures» Panel: 04 “Combating Terrorist Financingâ€� Friday, October 19, 2007 from 4.00 p.m. to 6.00 p.m. The International Convention for the Suppression of Financing of Terrorism (1999) provides the legal framework for the international community to collaborate effectively in combating terrorist fund-raising. In the aftermath of 9/11, a multi-faceted strategy to monitor effectively and disrupt fund raising activities of terrorist groups and their front organisations has been put in place through the adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution No. 1373, the establishment of the Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC) to oversee the effective implementation of Resolution No. 1373 and the Financial Action Task Force which sets out guidelines for financial institutions to follow in combating terrorist fund raising and to develop a process to identify countries that facilitate terrorist financing. Countries collaborate with each other to monitor terrorist fund raising and money transfers. The Panel will evaluate the experience gained in recent years in implementing these strategies and the need for re-evaluation and modification of such strategies in the light of the response to these measures and a variety of other ingenious methods adopted by terrorist organisations to finance and expand their activities. Principal Speaker : Mr. David Leppan, Founder &amp; CEO, World Check Co-Speaker : Mr. Shanaka Jayasekara, Researcher, Centre for Policing, Intelligence &amp; Counter Terrorism, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia “Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transferring Operationsâ€� Read the text Chair of Panel Session : Dr. Ranee Jayamaha, Deputy Governor, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Discussants : (i) Mrs. Joan de Zilwa Moonesinghe (FCIB) former Director of Bank Supervision and Consultant, Financial Intelligence Unit, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (ii) Mr. Eric Stonecipher, Advisor, Financial Investigation Unit, Central Bank of Sri Lanka ",8);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"panel05.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Panel: 05 “Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorismâ€� Saturday, October 20, 2007 from 9.00 a.m. to 10.30 a.m. In discussing inter-linkages between terrorism and economic costs, the focus most often is on analysing the causes and consequences of terrorism. Terrorism typically creates a persistent legacy of poverty and human misery, where affected countries are subject to direct costs from damage to physical infrastructure, investor confidence, and social capital; there can also be significant costs associated with displacement of vulnerable populations. More indirectly, economic development is undermined as governments are compelled to shift resources from productive investments into defence budgets. Compounding the problem, the socio-economic costs of terrorism are rarely contained within a country’s border. At the regional level, terrorism can also create refugee crises, imposing its own economic burdens on neighbouring countries. The Panel will discuss the socio-economic costs of terrorism, in terms of the ripple effects of terrorism within countries, as well as externally, and explore viable measures that can be taken to mitigate the negative consequences that terrorism has on economic development. Principal Speaker: Dr. Saman Kelegama (Executive Director, Institute of Policy Studies, Sri Lanka) “Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorismâ€� Read the text Chair of Panel Session : Prof. W.D. Lakshman, Professor of Economics, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka Discussants : (i) Dr. Anila Dias Bandaranaike, former Director, Department of Statistics, Central Bank of Sri Lanka (ii) Dr. Muthukrishna Sarvanathan, Principal Researcher, Point Pedro Institute of Development, Sri Lanka ",7);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"panel06.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Panel: 06 “Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Societyâ€� Saturday, October 20, 2007 from 11.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. While terrorists usually target governments with violence it is the innocent civilians that suffer the most. In this context, it has been argued that the media and civil society in States affected by terrorism, could play a crucial role in influencing the evolution and adoption of long-term responses to terrorism. However it is noted that to the contrary, in many instances media might be playing a negative role in fuelling political violence, communalism and terrorism through propaganda, media blitz and hype that glorifies terrorists and the crimes they commit, while civil society ends up being spectators and victims of such clashes of ideologies. The panel seeks to understand the modalities through which terrorist organisations influence media and civil society and the dilemmas that inhibit these respective sectors from playing a more mediating role. Drawing on success stories in this regard, it will discuss how media and civil society could contribute more in strengthening society against political extremist and violent ideologies, as well as in mobilising the citizens as a bulwark in support of democracy. Principal Speaker: Mr. Shyam Tekwani, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Chair of Panel Session : Mr. Mangala Moonesinghe, Chairman, Marga Institute, Sri Lanka Discussants : (i) Dr. Hiranthi Wijemanne, formerly of UNICEF (ii) Mr. Ajuna Ranawana, Director, Sri Lanka School of Journalism ",7);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"panel07.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Panel: 06 “Transforming  \'Terrorists \': Lessons for Sri Lankaâ€� Saturday, October 20, 2007 It is conceivable that terrorists could enter the political mainstream via a process of renunciation of violence, de-commissioning of weapons, self - criticism, moderation in political agitation, transformation, institutionalisation and legitimisation, as seen with respect to the PLO, the IRA and more recently the Maoists in Nepal. Such transformations have also required a significant turnaround of the States themselves in respect of policy and policy direction including a willingness to accommodate and reconcile with former ‘enemies’ without compromising national security and the principles of justice i.e. moral and legal imperatives.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The panel will seek to identify the elements that may contribute towards such transformation and change, and the prospects for negotiation and reconciliation with respect to known terrorist groups, particularly the LTTE. Principal Speaker: Mr. V. Anandasangaree, Leader TULF Read the Text Chair of Panel Session : Prof. Rajiva Wijesinghe, Secretary General, Secretariat for Coordinating the Peace Process Discussant : (i) Hon. Douglas Devananda, Minister of Social Services & Social Welfare.. Read the Text (ii) Dr. Som Pudasaini, Co-ordinator Nepal Council of World Affairs and Expert on Peace Building... Read the Text ",7);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"participants.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) ","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere Jean-Louis Bruguière is a leading French investigating magistrate in charge of counter-terrorism affairs. He was appointed in 2004 as the vice-president of the Paris Court of Serious Claims (Tribunal de Grande Instance). Bruguière studied at the Institut d \'Etudes Politiques de Paris and took part in the May 1968 protests. He continued his education at the École Nationale de la Magistrature. Possibly his biggest case (in terms of number of people involved) was that of UTA Flight 772 which was sabotaged over the Sahara Desert in 1989 with the loss of 170 lives. He was called as a witness in May 2007 by the defendants of a trial involving members suspected to have provided logistical support to the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM), involved in the 2003 Casablanca bombings. Prof. Gerard Chaliand Dr Gérard Chaliand is an observer of insurgency warfare. For the past 40 years he has observed guerrilla movements in countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America and has had close battlefield contact with African, South American, Afghan and Vietnamese guerrillas among others. Read More Gen. V.P Malik General VP Malik was born on 1st Nov 1939 at Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, now in Pakistan. Alumni of the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla and the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. He was commissioned into the Indian Army on 7th Jun 1959... Read More Dr. Rohan Gunaratna Rohan Gunaratna is an international terrorism expert. He is the head of the International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. He is a Senior Fellow at the Jebsen Center for Counter Terrorism Studies, Fletcher School for Law and Diplomacy and an Honorary Fellow at the International Policy Institute for Counter Terrorism in Israel. He has served as a consultant to the United Kingdom and United States law enforcement communities. Mr. David Leppan David Leppan is the CEO and founder of World-Check, the world’s leading provider of structured intelligence on heightened risk individuals and entities. Founded in late 2000, World-Check was originally established to meet the Swiss financial industry \'s... Read More Mr. Shanaka Jayasekara Shanaka Jayasekara is a Terrorism Researcher at the Center for Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (PICT) at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. He holds a M. Litt in International Security Studies from the University of St Andrews in Scotland,... Read More Dr. Saman Kelegama Dr Saman Kelegama is the Executive Director at the Institute of Policy Studies, Colombo. He is a trade policy economist who also works on industrial economics, public enterprise reform, and macroeconomics. He obtained his doctorate, D.Phil (Econ) from Oxford University, UK in 1990. He has an MSc (Econ) from Oxford University and MSc (Maths) first class degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur, India. He was a Government of India Cultural Scholar for his undergraduate studies during 1978-1983. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka. He was a Visiting Fellow at the Australia South Asia Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (1998); Government of India Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1998); Salzburg Fellow (1997); USIS International Visitor (1993); and Visiting Fellow, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands (1992/3). He has been (and is) a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Colombo, Post-Graduate Institute of Management (PIM), Sri Lanka, Bandaranaike Diplomatic Training Institute (BDTI), Sri Lanka and several other institutions. He has served as a consultant to the World Bank, ADB, UNDP, UNIDO, ILO, UN-ESCAP, Commonwealth Secretariat, among other organizations. Mr. Shyam Tekwani Dr. Shyam Tekwani is an Assistant Professor at the Nangyang Technical University, Singapore. He has nearly two decades of experience in communications, as a reporter and photojournalist. His works have appeared in publications such as The New York Times Magazine, Time, Newsweek, Le Figaro, Geo and Der Spiegel. He is a specialist in the areas of terrorism, media and conflict. Mr. V. Anandasangaree V. Anandasangaree is the leader of the Tamil United Liberation Front. He is an outspoken critic of the LTTE and advocate of a federal solution to the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict. In 2006 Anandasangaree was named as the winner of the 2006 UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence. ",11);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"PictureGallery.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism Inaugural Sessions Mr. Amal Jayawardhana-ICCT Mr. Arjun Ranawana -ICCT Dr. Hiranthi Wijemanna-ICCT Mr. Duglas Devananda - ICCT Mr. Anandasangaree-ICCT Mr. Jude Bruguiere (France)-ICCT Mr. Shyam Tekwani - ICCT Prticipants Prticipants ",9);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"search.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism Search Result ",5);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"sl_countering_terrorism.html","18 Dec 2007","International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT)","","","Home | Contact Us International Conference on Countering Terrorism (ICCT) 18th-20th October, 2007 Colombo Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments ICCT 2007 About ICCT Agenda Participants Media Releases Programme Inaugural Session International Response to Terrorism Regional Response to Terrorism Domestic Dimensions of Terrorism Combating Terrorist Financing Socio-Economic Costs of Terrorism Terrorism and the Role of the Media and Civil Society Transforming ‘Terrorists’; Lessons for Sri Lanka Terrorism Sri Lanka’s Role in Countering Terrorism More Pictures » Sri Lanka’s role in Countering Terrorism Sri Lanka in its great endeavor to counter terrorist activities has adopted several local legislative measures and has become party to several International Resolutions and Regional Conventions. The following anti terrorist legislations have been enforced by the Government of Sri Lanka: Convention on the Suppression of Terrorist Financing Act, No. 25 of 2005 Prevention Of Money Laundering Act, No. 5 of 2006 Emergency (Prevention and Prohibition of Terrorism and Specified Terrorist Activities) Regulations No.07 of 2006. Apart from those legislations, Sri Lanka has endorsed the following UN Conventions Against Terrorism: UN Resolution 1269 (1999) UN Resolution 1368 (2001) UN Resolution 1373 (2001) Sri Lanka is party to International Conventions such as; Convention for the suppression of Unlawful Acts against the safety of Civil Aviation (Montréal Convention –I II) International Convention for the suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism International Convention against the taking of hostages Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of Maritime Navigation International Convention for the suppression of Terrorist Bombing Convention on the marking of Plastic Explosives for the purpose of detection International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism Sri Lanka is party to regional legislative measures such as: The SAARC Convention (Suppression of Terrorism) Act (1993) (1987) Additional Protocol to the SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism (2004) ",9);arrFiles[21]=new Array(22,"images/02.jpg","13 Nov 2007","02.jpg","","","",13);arrFiles[22]=new Array(23,"images/03.jpg","13 Nov 2007","03.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[23]=new Array(24,"images/033.jpg","13 Nov 2007","033.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[24]=new Array(25,"images/04.jpg","13 Nov 2007","04.jpg","","","",17);arrFiles[25]=new Array(26,"images/05.jpg","13 Nov 2007","05.jpg","","","",16);arrFiles[26]=new Array(27,"images/06.jpg","13 Nov 2007","06.jpg","","","",12);arrFiles[27]=new Array(28,"images/07.jpg","13 Nov 2007","07.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[28]=new Array(29,"images/08.jpg","13 Nov 2007","08.jpg","","","",16);arrFiles[29]=new Array(30,"images/09.jpg","14 Nov 2007","09.jpg","","","",18);arrFiles[30]=new Array(31,"images/10.jpg","14 Nov 2007","10.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[31]=new Array(32,"images/11.jpg","14 Nov 2007","11.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[32]=new Array(33,"images/12.jpg","17 Dec 2007","12.jpg","","","",15);arrFiles[33]=new Array(34,"images/13.jpg","17 Dec 2007","13.jpg","","","",18);arrFiles[34]=new Array(35,"images/14.jpg","17 Dec 2007","14.jpg","","","",13);arrFiles[35]=new Array(36,"images/15.jpg","17 Dec 2007","15.jpg","","","",18);arrFiles[36]=new Array(37,"images/2010.jpg","26 Oct 2007","2010.jpg","","","",41);arrFiles[37]=new Array(38,"images/AboutICCT_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","AboutICCT_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[38]=new Array(39,"images/Agenda_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","Agenda_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[39]=new Array(40,"images/arrow.gif","4 Sep 2007","arrow.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[40]=new Array(41,"images/bttom_DSC_0094.jpg","4 Oct 2007","bttom_DSC_0094.jpg","","","",38);arrFiles[41]=new Array(42,"images/ContactUs_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","ContactUs_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[42]=new Array(43,"images/eventhight_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","eventhight_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[43]=new Array(44,"images/headermain01_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","headermain01_03.gif","","","",2);arrFiles[44]=new Array(45,"images/Inaugural_Session_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","Inaugural_Session_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[45]=new Array(46,"images/Media_Releases_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","Media_Releases_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[46]=new Array(47,"images/MrJudeBruguiere.gif","14 Nov 2007","MrJudeBruguiere.gif","","","",6);arrFiles[47]=new Array(48,"images/Mr_Anandasangaree-ICCT.gif","14 Nov 2007","Mr_Anandasangaree-ICCT.gif","","","",6);arrFiles[48]=new Array(49,"images/Mr_Shyam-Tekwani-ICCT.gif","14 Nov 2007","Mr_Shyam-Tekwani-ICCT.gif","","","",6);arrFiles[49]=new Array(50,"images/nwHome_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","nwHome_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[50]=new Array(51,"images/palithakohona.jpg","17 Dec 2007","palithakohona.jpg","","","",3);arrFiles[51]=new Array(52,"images/Participants_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","Participants_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[52]=new Array(53,"images/pic01_10.jpg","13 Nov 2007","pic01_10.jpg","","","",14);arrFiles[53]=new Array(54,"images/picture_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","picture_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[54]=new Array(55,"images/Picture_06.gif","14 Nov 2007","Picture_06.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[55]=new Array(56,"images/Programme_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","Programme_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[56]=new Array(57,"images/rohithaBogollagama.jpg","17 Dec 2007","rohithaBogollagama.jpg","","","",4);arrFiles[57]=new Array(58,"images/search_03.gif","13 Nov 2007","search_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[58]=new Array(59,"images/search_07.gif","13 Nov 2007","search_07.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[59]=new Array(60,"images/spacer.gif","16 Mar 2004","spacer.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[60]=new Array(61,"images/Terrorism_03.gif","14 Nov 2007","Terrorism_03.gif","","","",1);arrFiles[61]=new Array(62,"images/topcontainer_leftimage.jpg","13 Nov 2007","topcontainer_leftimage.jpg","","","",19);arrFiles[62]=new Array(63,"images/topcontainer_rightimage.jpg","13 Nov 2007","topcontainer_rightimage.jpg","","","",17);arrFiles[63]=new Array(64,"images/topmenu_bg.jpg","4 Sep 2007","topmenu_bg.jpg","","","",1);arrFiles[64]=new Array(65,"images/UN01.jpg","17 Dec 2007","UN01.jpg","","","",3);arrFiles[65]=new Array(66,"images/UN02.jpg","17 Dec 2007","UN02.jpg","","","",4);arrFiles[66]=new Array(67,"images/pic/01.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01.jpg","","","",24);arrFiles[67]=new Array(68,"images/pic/01_01.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_01.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[68]=new Array(69,"images/pic/01_02.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_02.jpg","","","",24);arrFiles[69]=new Array(70,"images/pic/01_03.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_03.jpg","","","",22);arrFiles[70]=new Array(71,"images/pic/01_04.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_04.jpg","","","",24);arrFiles[71]=new Array(72,"images/pic/01_05.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_05.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[72]=new Array(73,"images/pic/01_06.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_06.jpg","","","",17);arrFiles[73]=new Array(74,"images/pic/01_07.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_07.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[74]=new Array(75,"images/pic/01_08.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_08.jpg","","","",20);arrFiles[75]=new Array(76,"images/pic/01_09.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_09.jpg","","","",18);arrFiles[76]=new Array(77,"images/pic/01_10.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_10.jpg","","","",28);arrFiles[77]=new Array(78,"images/pic/01_11.jpg","14 Nov 2007","01_11.jpg","","","",26);arrFiles[78]=new Array(79,"images/pic/02.jpg","14 Nov 2007","02.jpg","","","",28);arrFiles[79]=new Array(80,"images/pic/03.jpg","14 Nov 2007","03.jpg","","","",30);arrFiles[80]=new Array(81,"images/pic/04.jpg","14 Nov 2007","04.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[81]=new Array(82,"images/pic/05.jpg","14 Nov 2007","05.jpg","","","",24);arrFiles[82]=new Array(83,"images/pic/06.jpg","14 Nov 2007","06.jpg","","","",22);arrFiles[83]=new Array(84,"images/pic/07.jpg","14 Nov 2007","07.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[84]=new Array(85,"images/pic/08.jpg","14 Nov 2007","08.jpg","","","",25);arrFiles[85]=new Array(86,"images/pic/09.jpg","14 Nov 2007","09.jpg","","","",27);arrFiles[86]=new Array(87,"pdf/anandasangaree.pdf","26 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - anandasangaree.doc","","","Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka I consider it as a great honour for having been invited to address the International Conference on Countering Terrorism. I thank the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies (LKIIRSS) for the invitation. The theme of this conference is  Terrorism ­ A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments  and the topic assigned to me is  Transforming Terrorists ­ Lessons for Sri Lanka,  a subject that is not easy to handle in the Sri Lankan perspective. The problem of transforming terrorists is multi-faced, complicating and peculiar to Sri Lanka. Hence a briefing of the situation in Sri Lanka is necessary. May I start by saying that Terrorism is not merely a challenge to democratically elected Governments; it is also a greater challenge for electing Democratic Governments. Since I am active in Politics for almost half a century and having contested six local elections and eight Parliamentary Elections, some successfully and some unsuccessfully, I like to share the experience I gained, with you all. I am a victim of terror politics. Since 1983 we cannot boast of having democratically elected Governments in Sri Lanka. The last free and fair election held was in July, 1977 at which the party that captured power could gain 4/5th majority in Parliament and created history with no prospects for any other party to gain such a majority ever in the future. This massive mandate was given to rectify the wrongs of the previous government which too had a clear 2/3rd majority in Parliament. This 2/3rd majority was made use of to replace the Old Soulbury Constitution with a new one, doing away with the safeguards the Minorities had in the Old Constitution, such as the Senate, Right of Appeal to the Privy Council, Section 29 etc. The New Government ignored the massive mandate it got from the people. It adopted a new constitution and to amend any provisions in the constitutions made it mandatory for a 2/3rd majority in Parliament and ratification at a referendum. The first past the post electoral system was replaced by the Proportional Representation system under which no government can ever get 2/3rd majority. Thereby, the Government that came to power in 1977 under the first past the post system had bound all future Parliaments in Sri Lanka by preventing them from making any amendment to the constitution without the support of the opposition. Violating the established convention that  No Parliament can extend its own term of office  the 1977/83 Parliament extended, its own term of office by a referendum. The only occasion the British Parliament, Ceylon Legislative Council and Legislatures in many other countries all over the world, was during the 2nd world war and never after that ­ the only exception being Sri Lanka. Things were made worse by the amendment No. 6 of the constitution, passed in 1983. It prevented the TULF \'s 18 Members of Parliament, including me, who vacated office protesting against the extension of the term of office by a referendum, from contesting to re-enter parliament. Subscribing an Oath had been made mandatory by the amendment six, of the Constitution to seek election to Parliament. All those 18 seats remained vacant for a full term of 6 years from 1983 ­ 1989. The amendment six of the constitution resulted in the Leadership of the Tamils taken away from the moderates and handed over to the armed groups. Many Militant groups took control of all Tamil areas both in the North and the East. Conscription and voluntary recruitment of youths and students took place in large numbers. Kidnappings, extortions and killings took place in Tamil areas at random in the early eighties. The  Page 1 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka arbitrary killings of the youths and student leaders by the armed forces had been so common that contrary to suppressing the uprising, it only helped the groups to grow stronger. The arrival of IPKF in 1988 following the implementation of the Indo-Sri Lanka accord made all militant groups other than the LTTE, to return to the democratic stream. The LTTE not only attacked the IPKF but also either eradicated or expelled all the other Militant Groups that opted to give up arms and join the Democratic stream. It emerged as the only dominant group and gradually took control of two districts in full and parts of six others in the North and the East where Tamils are predominant. The Tamil people living in their areas were subjected to untold hardships and were living like slaves. They were deprived of most of their fundamental, democratic and human rights. The subjugation of the Tamil people was one of the reasons for the easy liberation of the Eastern Province from the LTTE. In the rest of the areas that are under their control in the Northern Province, they have become so unpopular that the peoples want themselves to be liberated early. Two Districts in full and three districts in parts are still under their control. I had written a number of letters to Mr. V. Prabaharan, during the past three to four years pleading with him to give up his demand for separation and to accept a reasonable solution based on the Federal Concept. Failure of the Members of Parliament representing the North and the East, made me to take the responsibility on my head to free the people from the LTTE \'s subjugation. Another reason being that the Kilinochchi Electorate I represented in Parliament for over 14 years is now fully under the control of the LTTE. I feel it as my duty to free the people whom I represented and to liberate the others also from the LTTE \'s subjugation. I have offered Mr. Prabaharan, to negotiate and obtain a general amnesty for him and his cadre if he agreed to give up his demand for separation and agree for a reasonable solution. I even offered to obtain for him and his cadre a bigger share in any interim administration, the Government may be contemplating. Neither he nor anyone else on his behalf responded in any way, to any of my offers. All what I got in return were unpleasant and demeaning criticism from the pro-LTTE Print and Electronic media, both of which are only interested in glorifying the actions of the LTTE. In my last letter of 22 June, 2007 affectionately addressing Mr. V. Prabaharan as  My Dear Thampy  meaning  Brother , I wrote,  Please understand my concerns, for the Tamil Speaking people in particular and for all Sri Lankans in general. Since things seem to be going out of control, please take suitable remedial measures to bring back peace and tranquillity to a suffering nation, with-out any further delay . I further wrote,  The time has now come for you to take full responsibility for the present precarious condition in which our people live. Although unpalatable, please act with responsibility and caution, forgetting all what had happened in the past and work for a prosperous future of all the people of Sri Lanka. Like some others who project the LTTE as the sole representatives of the Tamil people, I will not do so because you are not considered by the Tamil people as such, mainly due to your ruthlessness. You know very well that you have earned the name as the most ruthless person in the world. Are you  Page 2 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka not aware that you are fast losing your credibility day by day, by causing terror and tension to the people? By your reign of terror you have silenced every Tamil voice except a few of which I am one. If you are not going to help to find a solution for the ethnic problem during my life time, you will never find one. Please give up your demand for separation and accept a federal solution within a United Sri Lanka, which will receive very wide support, surprisingly even from un-expected quarters.  Repeated initiatives taken by me to bring the LTTE back to the negotiating table failed. I tried to persuade him, pleaded with him and even warned him, but nothing could change his mind. Had he listened to me the entire LTTE cadre would have been transformed by this time and the country would be enjoying full peace, with a solution found. The LTTE did not show any sign of agreeing for a reasonable solution as an alternative to separation. They keep on maintaining through the pro-LTTE media their commitment to a separate state. They were also claiming themselves as the solerepresentatives of the Tamil People and therefore have the exclusive right to speak on their behalf. I was the first person in my country to reject the claim of the LTTE that they are the sole-representative of the Tamils. The LTTE got upset over my rejection of their claim. At the last Parliamentary Elections they could get 22 of the 23 Members elected fraudulently for the North and the East and successfully eliminating me. The election was virtually conducted by the LTTE cadre. Rival candidates were not permitted to get involved in any type of campaign. They were not allowed even to cast their votes. There had been large scale impersonations thuggery and intimidation to the extent of the Election Monitoring Teams recommending annulling and a re-poll in the North and the East.  INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO TERRORISM  Except a few countries that promote terrorism in various states, for reasons best known to them, rest of the countries in all parts of the world shun violence in any form and respect the democratic norms. They will not dare to promote terrorism in any country but will certainly help to eradicate it, if not satisfied with the cause for which the terrorists had grouped themselves. All countries respect human values and will go all out to protect the Human Rights, Fundamental Rights and Democratic Rights of the people. However we cannot expect the International Community to act unilaterally without our responding favourably to solve the problem that we face. No country will be prepared to accept the blame of suppressing a movement when it claims that the problem in respect of which it was formed, still remains unsolved and no reasonable solution is forthcoming. It may be relevant if I quote form the letter dated 7th May, 2006 addressed to His Excellency the President by me:  The International Community that had thrown its full weight to find a solution to our ethnic problems is gradually getting disgusted with the whole thing and it may not be a surprise if they give up their efforts totally. Each country has its own problems to bother about. The very frequent visits, of the Japanese Special Envoy His Excellency Yasushi Akashi and the Swiss Government \'s offer, without any  Page 3 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka hesitation to host the Peace talks in Geneva and many other good gestures displayed by various countries, clearly show that every country is prepared to do anything to make the talks a success. It is the LTTE \'s ignorance that prevents the LTTE to grab the golden opportunity made available to them. They should realize that the attitude of the International Community, the European Union in particular, will not remain the same through out. They should therefore give up making unreasonable demands, with the deliberate intention of dragging on the talks . In the same letter I have also said,  The European Union has in one way shown its resentment to the LTTE by imposing a travel ban on them and thereby given a signal that they are not going to tolerate their activities for ever. It was equally a signal to the Government of Sri Lanka that, unless it comes forward with a proposal reasonable enough in their assessment as one that could be recommended by them to the Tamil People or to the LTTE, it is not going to be hard on the LTTE .  REGIONAL RESPONSE TO TERRORISM  I wish to reiterate that our dealings with the neighbouring countries relating to terrorism and their activities should be very tactful. It is a big relief that our relationship with countries at the regional level are very cordial and their assistance in combating terrorism is very encouraging. I am quoting a paragraph from my letter dated 7.5.2007 addressed to His Excellency the President to prove how our neighbours help us to combat terrorism.  Although not obliged to do so, the Sri Lankan Government has a moral duty to keep the Indian Government and Tamil Nadu informed of the proposals, in appreciation of the efforts taken by the Indian Navy and Tamil Nadu Police to curtail the activities of the LTTE and causing the arrest of the LTTE cadre and the Tamil Nadu Nationals involved in transporting materials used to make bombs. If not for the Tamil Nadu Police and the Indian Navy, we would have faced grave disaster. To remind what Mahatma Gandhi said,  India and Ceylon can \'t afford to quarrel with each other . Please see that due to our lapses the International Community does not loosen its grip on the LTTE. We always need India \'s especially the Tamil Nadu \'s assistance to keep the LTTE at bay .  TRANSFORMING  TERRORISTS : LESSONS FOR SRI LANKA  The question of transformation of terrorists will arise only when the problem which created the terrorists finds an acceptable solution. Successive Governments during the past thirty years could not offer a tangible solution. Whatever offered did not even come close to what the Terrorists are demanding. Further more what is offered by the Government, although too little is rejected as too much by the opposition and when the opposition takes over the reigns of Government, the same story had been repeated. It is very unfortunate that some politicians are too selfish that they only want power and not interested in the welfare of the suffering people. Merely because the  Page 4 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka demand of the Sri Lankan terrorist group, also described as freedom fighters by one section of the press, is unreasonable, it does not mean that the Government should reject it even without offering some thing that would come close to what the terrorists demand. As for me I do not accept them as freedom fighters because today the situation is that the ordinary people will have to be liberated from those so called liberators. The Government is well aware that a larger section of the Tamil people do not recognize the LTTE as freedom fighters and are prepared to accept a reasonable solution within the framework of a United Sri Lanka based on the Federal Concept. It is very unfortunate that the country although ready for a Federal Solution some groups oppose it on the unfounded fear that federalism will lead to a separate state. The Tamils today are totally opposed to a division of the country. The people of the country are left at the mercy of the most ruthless terrorist group which will never agree for a solution, leaving the government the only option of submitting a reasonable proposal acceptable to the International Community. The EU had now imposed a total ban on the LTTE with the expectation that the Government of Sri Lanka also will fulfil its obligation to the satisfaction of the International Community, based on the Oslo Agreement within a United Sri Lanka. The Government which is committed to find a solution under the Oslo Agreement, if shows reluctance to do so, will certainly lose its credibility in its relationship with the International Community, that is toiling hard through their representatives to bring back peace to Sri Lanka. We cannot forget the untiring efforts taken by the Diplomatic Community, including the Japanese Special Envoy H.E. Yasushi Akashi in this regard. The arrogant and uncompromising stand of the LTTE, the daily killings by them and the sufferings of the innocent people compelled me on 19th June 2006 to write to H.E. the President thus:  A situation is now fast developing, due to the LTTE \'s arrogant attitude, for your Government to act unilaterally by putting forward a reasonable proposal, acceptable to the Tamils and Muslims. I am not unaware of the constraints you have to act arbitrarily. But since the entire scenario has changed during the past few months, in comparison to the pre-election period, I am convinced that your hands should not remain tied. This is the time you should be free to take independent decisions and act, guided by your own conscience. I can provide you with enough material to substantiate my claim that variation in your policy at this juncture is indispensable . In the same letter I have said,  What has happened all these years and what is happening in our country every day is more than enough for everyone to realize the urgency to find a solution without delay. When the country is bleeding profusely we can \'t take advantage of the situation for political gains. Hence please come out with a proposal assessed as reasonable and acceptable by either the co-chairs or a team of experts nominated by a few countries where Federalism has thrived and offer it to the LTTE for their acceptance. I am suggesting this to avoid any lame excuse the LTTE may find. If the LTTE accepts the proposals, all the other Tamil parties can be persuaded to agree to give to the LTTE majority representation in any administrative set up and make  Page 5 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka it conditional for them to surrender their arms. If they require security the Government can provide the same. If the LTTE rejects such a proposal the only option the International Community has is to get together and tame them by various ways, including imposition of strong sanction and such other steps necessary to pressurize them. If your proposal confines to the Oslo Agreement to which the Government is committed, the LTTE cannot justify their rejection. The Indian Government too had very clearly and firmly said that it will go all out to prevent division of the country and also that it will deal firmly with terrorism. Although this remark is made in relation to India, it equally applies to Sri Lanka also because only 28 miles of the Palk-strait separates Sri Lanka from India. India \'s main concerns are its sovereignty and integrity. India is totally opposed to separation and terrorism, more in their own interest than ours. However we can take it as an overall guarantee to allay the fears of some Sri Lankans who think that a federal solution will lead to separation. India \'s stand on these matters had never changed with every party that came to power, and will not change in the future as well. The main reason, for my continued agitation for a solution based on the Indian model, is that it satisfies those who are opposed to the Federal and Unitary type of constitution. The Indian one is neither federal nor unitary and the Indians take pride in saying that they believe in  Unity in diversity . The LTTE is such a ruthless organization with unyielding character will never agree for a solution other than separation. The Government without any delay should submit a reasonable proposal acceptable to the International Community and Minorities. I do not think that the Government will have any difficulty in soliciting the support of the entire opposition to solve the problem and leave it to the International Community to pressurize the LTTE to agree for the solution that has been accepted by all the other concerned parties. It is only then the question of transforming the Terrorists will arise. Once an acceptable solution is found what the parties to the conflict should do are (1) The Government should offer a General Amnesty for all those involved in terrorist activities and (2) The terrorists or combatants or the so called freedom fighters should agree to disarm and demobilize themselves and prepare to re-integrate with the people. The Government must educate the people of their commitment towards reintegration with the groups. While transforming the terrorists, simultaneously the general life standard of the people also should be uplifted to win their hearts and minds in order to ensure a long lasting peace.  Knowing the reasons behind terrorism, the Government should take steps to eliminate frustration caused by racial discrimination, oppression, disparities, deprivations, denial of human rights etc, to achieve which the following steps are recommended: 1. State to ensure (a) appropriate action to eliminate racial discrimination and (b) Implement the Language Policy by compulsorily teaching Tamil to Sinhalese students and Sinhala to Tamil students.  Page 6 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka 2. State to ensure making it compulsory for job seekers to have a fair working knowledge of the Sinhala and Tamil Languages initially and after a specified period full knowledge of both Sinhala and Tamil languages. 3. State should ensure appointments wherever possible in proportion to the ethnic composition. 4. State to ensure enlistment to the three armed forces and the Police in proportion to the ethnic composition. 5. State to ensure admission to Universities for those who have minimum requirements for admission. 6. State to ensure re-settlement of all displaced persons during the past 20 ­ 30 years back in the respective lands in which they lived. Government should also take steps to: 1. Re-establish links to the North, East, South and West of Sri Lanka by road, rail and air and also should develop the sea route. Ports in the North and East should be developed in KKS, Pt. Pedro, Mannar and Batticaloa. 2. Start development projects specially in the North and the East with International Funding with the dual purpose of developing the area and providing employment, to impress on the people of the North and the East that the Government is genuinely interested in the development of these provinces. 3. Identify tourist spots in the North and the East and develop them to attract foreign tourist e.g. Casurina beach at Karainagar, Keerimalai at KKS, island resorts in the North, Pasikuda in Batticaloa are some. I would like to reiterate this point because the successive governments in the last 40 year period, during which tourism developed, had no plans to develop tourism especially in the North and in the East. This is an open secret and a severe discrimination against the populace of the North and East. 4. Take steps to erase completely the feeling of minority and majority prejudices and also eliminate all sort of discriminatory feelings in day to day life. 5. Encourage participation in democratic process by conducting political classes to the ex-terrorists.  Encourage frequent visits for the ex-terrorists to get mixed up with all communities freely and friendly in all parts of the country, such as: 1. Conduct inter-school cricket tournaments  Page 7 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka 2. Through the sports officers, organize Volley Ball, Football and Ella matches for the youths who had left school or had their studies interrupted. The cooperation of Rural Development Societies, Community Centres, Sports Clubs etc, can be obtained on an all Island basis. 3. The Sharvodaya Movement can be entrusted with the task of organizing Shramadana Camps with the participation of Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims in the rural areas with the assistance of the rural development societies and Community Centres. 4. The same organizations can be encouraged to organize pilgrimages to important shrines like Madhu, Nagadeepa, Kataragama, Kandy, Chilaw, Mannar, Trincomalee etc. 5. With the help of the same village level organizations, organize visits to places of historical importance, ruins etc. to understand the culture and civilization of various ethnic religious groups. The only Sri Lankan group that can now be classified as a terrorist group is the LTTE. They can be brought under several categories and each one differs with the other. They differ in age, education and civil status. There are mentally affected, disabled, those who are satisfied with the solution, those who still stick to their stand with no intention of changing, high ranking leaders, trained combatants and non-combatant volunteers. The movement being over 30 years old, some of them would be married and having children. Each member of the family will have to be rehabilitated and suitable schools will have to be found for their children. The Leader category of the terrorists if interested in politics should be given all encouragement to do so. All assistance should be given to them to rejoin their families. Depending on the age and their education, each one of the LTTE Cadre should be found admission in Universities, Schools, Technical Institutes and Vocational Training Centres. The married couple \'s requirements should be looked into ­ such as housing, education of their children etc. and also mentally affected and the disabled should be given special attention. Counselling Centres, Vocational Training Centres, Garment Production Centres, Primary and secondary schools and housing schemes should be started to meet the new requirements. To prevent the reactivation of the terrorist movement, the following steps should be taken. Protection should be given to the ex-terrorists from those who may seek vengeance. Arrange to send abroad for employment those who do not have the courage to face the society, fearing retaliation for their past conduct.  Page 8 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Transforming  Terrorists : Lessons for Sri Lanka  V Anandasangaree, Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), Sri Lanka Offer incentives for giving information that will lead to the detection of concealed weapons, illegal sale of weapons and any preparation for revival of armed struggle. Regular subsistence for each individual for a specified period to help them to reestablish themselves without returning to terrorist activities. All concerned persons to be rehabilitated mentally, physically, spiritually and socially, to prevent them from returning to terrorism. At this point the majority community also to be educated as to why the government is going too far to assist the terrorists and the North and East while their children and some of their areas are still under-developed and are not getting enough. It should be remembered that when we speak about transforming terrorists the number is not that big. If you take the LTTE it maybe around 20,000 and their families and other groups which have returned to the democratic process still carrying arms may amount to another 20,000 (Karuna group, EPDP, TELO, PLOTE, EPRLF Padmanaba, ENDLF etc). Therefore transforming them is not a big issue it is only the genuine will and trust from both sides that is needed. In conclusion I wish to quote what I heard from somebody.  In a country where all people are equal, we should not say that somebody is giving somebody something and that somebody is there to receive from somebody something which they do not have or which they are deprived of getting. It should be shared according to their need, and then everyone will feel equal and comfortable in the entire country .  Page 9 of 9 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",52);arrFiles[87]=new Array(88,"pdf/David Leppabn.pdf","3 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - W-C, DL, Profile, CFT, Aug 27   \\'07.doc","","","David Leppan is the CEO and founder of World-Check, the world \'s leading provider of structured intelligence on heightened risk individuals and entities. Founded in late 2000, World-Check was originally established to meet the Swiss financial industry \'s Know Your Customer (KYC) and risk-reduction requirements. Today, more than 6 years later World-Check provides its global database to more than 2000 institutions in +135 countries, including 46 of the world \'s 50 largest financial institutions and hundreds of government and regulatory agencies. World-Check \'s database includes Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs), money launderers, fraudsters, terrorists and sanctioned entities - plus individuals and businesses from over a dozen other high-risk categories. Its proprietary database and tools find direct application in financial compliance, anti-money laundering (AML), KYC, PEP screening, enhanced due diligence (EDD), fraud prevention, government intelligence, Counter Terrorist Funding (CTF) solutions and other identity authentication, background screening and risk-prevention practices. With a 97% annual client renewal rate World-Check \'s pioneering role and rapid growth has placed David at the forefront of understanding the issues, needs and requirements experienced by professionals involved in AML, KYC, CTF and open-source intelligence. Regarded as an expert in these fields David has written numerous articles and white-papers from both a regulatory and commercial perspective, and is often quoted in leading international newspapers and financial publications. David is frequently invited to share his expertise at conferences and seminars worldwide and encourages the financial industry to take on its social responsibility, emphasizing the importance of open source information gathering and sharing. He also stresses the necessity for enhanced controls to detect terrorist financing and money laundering networks, and provides insight into the often misconstrued concept of PEPs. World-Check \'s Terrorism and Insurgency Research Unit (TIRU) has to date identified and profiled over 17,000 terrorism-related individuals and entities. This is an extraordinary achievement given that the four most authoritative government sanctions issuing bodies, namely the US OFAC, UK Bank of England, the EU and UN, have only listed approximately 800 unique terrorism-related entries -- making up only 5% of World-Check \'s overall terrorism-related content. The (TIRU) unit is made up of open source intelligence specialists from around the world that monitor global terrorism and insurgency. The unit collects publicly available information from governments, non-governmental organizations, academia and global media including `grey literature \' in multiple languages including: Arabic, Urdu, Pashto, Tajik, Russian, Farsi, Tamil, Turkish, Korean, Chinese and Bahasa, amongst others. It uses an analytic method that highlights risk, identification and funding information. Discerning terrorist financing  signatures  or patterns of specific terrorist organisations is a core task. Mapping relationships among various overlapping transnational criminal networks is another. To help this effort, the TIRU is strategically placed around the globe to give World-Check clients around the clock terrorism coverage. This constant and specialised investigative work has earned World-Check a distinguished record of alerting its clients to terrorists and their supporters prior to their inclusion in official government lists.  It is clear that financial institutions do not want to appear on the front page of any major newspaper in relation to dictators, terrorists, arms dealers, money launders or any other such individuals,  explains David Leppan.  What therefore drives most institutions to carry out active KYC and PEP checking is not so much their legislative requirements but rather their reputation risk. However, in the post-9/11 era forward thinking institutions have also come to accept that they have a responsibility not only to their shareholders, directors and account holders but also to society. Institutions that do not accept they have a key role to play in fighting international crime and terrorism have a hard lesson still to learn.  David has featured as guest speaker at the following events and conferences over the past year;    ·  · · · · ·  · ·   AML/CTF Implementation: The UK perspective ­ What lessons can be learnt from the implementation experiences in the UK , AFMA AML, Fortress Intelligence, Sydney 06/2007  Harnessing Open Source Intelligence ­ A Case Study , Identification and Borders, City Forum, London, 06/2007  Managing Intelligence on Companies and people , Windsor, 04/2007  Harnessing Open Source Intelligence in the Fight against Terrorist Financing, Corruption and Crime , Asia Security Summit, Deutsche Bank. Hong Kong, 04/2007  Risky Business , Corner Banca, Banking, Lugano 11/2006  Reducing Risk through Intelligence ­ Know your Customer and PEP: Enhanced Customer Due Diligence , First Kuwait & Middle East Conference for Combating Money Laundering, Al-Kafari Group, Kuwait 11/2006  Reduce Risk Through Intelligence  IBA ­ IBS Executive Briefing ­ IBS Publishing, Bangalore 09/2006  Implementing Issues in Anti-Money Laundering & KYC , FICCO ­ IBA, Bombay 09/2006  For more information, please visit www.world-check.com  When we set out in late 2000,  explains David Leppan,  our sole purpose was, on behalf of a handful of Swiss banks, to offer an `early warning system \' at account opening. The financihundreds of institutions in dramatically and immediately reducing their PEP risk.    ",23);arrFiles[88]=new Array(89,"pdf/General_VP_Malik.pdf","15 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - General VP Malik.doc","","","General VP Malik was born on 1st Nov 1939 at Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, now in Pakistan. Alumni of the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla and the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. He was commissioned into the Indian Army on 7th Jun 1959 and was posted with his battalion in Ladakh during Sino Indian conflict in 1962. He commanded 162 Infantry Brigade in Jammu & Kashmir where he was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM). In Dec 1989, he was appointed General Officer Commanding, 8 Mountain Division and in Aug 1992, he assumed command of 11 Corps in Punjab, where he oversaw antimilitancy operations in the state alongwith responsibility on the border with Pakistan. In Jul 1995, he was appointed General Officer Commanding -in- Chief Southern Command before moving to Army Headquarters as Vice Chief of Army Staff in August 1996. He was decorated with the Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) in 1996. He assumed the charge of Indian Army as the 19th Chief of Army Staff on 1st Oct 1997. Concurrently with the appointment, he took over as Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee of India with effect from 1st Jan 1999. He coordinated and oversaw the planning and execution of Operation Vijay to successfully defeat Pakistan \'s attempted intrusion in Kargil sector during May to Jul 1999.He was Colonel of the Sikh Light Infantry from 1990 to 1998, and continues to be Honorary Colonel of the Regiment for lifeThe General was felicitated with `Excellence in Leadership \' award by the Atur Foundation, Pune and also the `Distinguished Fellowship \' of the Institute of Directors, New Delhi in 1999. The Doon Citizens \' Council gave him the `Pride of the Nation \' award in Jul 2000. General V P Malik retired on 30th Sep 2000. Since retirement, he keeps himself engaged spreading awareness and sharing his views on India \'s national security challenges and international relations, in India and abroad. He was a member of the National Security Advisory Board for two years. Currently, he is an independent director on the board of some well-known private sector companies and advisor to foundations/trusts, including the Observer Research Foundation as its founder President, Institute of Security Studies.The General has authored  \'Kargil: From Surprise to Victory \', edited  \'Defence Planning: Problems and Prospects \',  \'Emerging NATO \':  \'Europe and Asia  \', and written chapters and articles for several other security related books in India and abroad.    ",51);arrFiles[89]=new Array(90,"pdf/International Response to Terrorism_bruguiere.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - bruguiere.doc","","","International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France On the eve of the 6th anniversary of the 11th September 2001 attacks, Osama Bin Laden, still in hiding and who fuels the strongest speculations about his very existence, has appeared twice on two video recordings that appear to be authentic, broadcasted on the Internet. It \'s the first time in three years that the leader of Al-Qaeda manifests himself to threaten America once again. This double message, addressed primarily to the United States, reminds us, as if we needed so, that today terrorism has become a worldwide phenomenon, a priority on the states \' political agenda. But only with the tragic events of 11th September did the world become aware of the reality of this global peril. First I would like to thank the officials of the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies, who organized this colloquium, for inviting me to participate in their work. This international conference on the fight against terrorism both restates the will of the international community not to give way in the face of terrorist blackmail, so heavy in threat for the fundamental values that are ours, beyond the cultural, historical and institutional diversity of the states, and brings answers to this threat. Efficient responses adapted to the seriousness of the threat, yet responses that lie within the field of the Law. This is the challenge brought about by this new threat. It \'s the second time I have the honour and the privilege to express myself on this subject in Colombo. Sri Lanka ­ like France ­ didn \'t wait until 11th September 2001 to evaluate the terrorist threat nor to implement the necessary measures to fight against those who \'ve chosen to promote blind violence in order to give victory to their demands. Today Al-Qaeda and the groups and networks affiliated to it turn to suicide attacks. This new strategy has given another dimension to the Islamist threat. But this strategy isn \'t new. Let \'s not forget that it was initiated and developed by the Tamil Tigers, who then exported it as well as their know-how to other regions of the world, notably Palestine and the Caucasus. There is no minor form of terrorism. Great Britain paid a heavy tribute to the terrorist actions of the IRA before reaching a pacific solution to this conflict after long years of fighting. The Spanish still haven \'t reduced ETA \'s activism, despite France \'s support.  Page 1 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Sri Lanka has fought for many years, not without attempting - in vain - to reach a political solution to the conflict, against the terrorist activities of the Tamil Tigers, a militarised violent organization that has numerous structures of logistical support abroad, particularly in Europe.  We shall not broach the subject of these terrorist organizations, but their main characteristics are that they are hierarchical; they have a local or regional base; and they use violence as a way of giving victory to a political demand, generally separatist. This is notably the case for the IRA, the ETA and the LTTE. All these movements are of the separatist kind. Contrary to Al-Qaeda, they have a political and military apparatus with a hierarchy; they are compartmentalized and obey to a centralized command structure. Wellversed in underground techniques, indoctrinated, very militant and disciplined, members of these networks carry out faithfully their leaders \' orders. These organizations can benefit from foreign help provided either by states or more generally by sympathizers or underground networks in terms of logistical and financial assistance. In Europe, the IRA had developed in the United Kingdom a highly sophisticated military apparatus and had obtained Libya \'s help for military supplies. Moreover it had set up underground networks in France, more specifically in Brittany and in the western part of the country. These underground structures enabled it, among other things, to attack British troops then stationed in Germany. The ETA, which still hasn \'t been dismantled and recently broke a truce of convenience, has the same typology as the IRA. This organization has powerful bases in France and its militants are particularly active in our country, which is considered to be a rear base for their military activities in Spain. Close collaboration between the French and Spanish police and justice departments has vastly weakened the attacking capabilities of this terrorist organization. The PKK, a Kurd separatist organization very active in Turkey, where it has carried out numerous attacks, also have powerful bases in Germany and France. Several cells of this organization were recently dismantled in France. Although the underground nature of these terrorist movements, the compartmentalization of their operational structures and the discipline of their members give them an indisputable military advantage, on the other hand the centralization of decision-making and commanding bodies and the pyramid-like nature of their  Page 2 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France organization make them vulnerable. Therefore anti-terrorist services need to develop their intelligence activities, particularly the recruitment of human sources. The LTTE also belongs to this category. It needs an increasing amount of resources in order to finance its terrorist activities in Sri Lanka and therefore has created in Europe very active underground networks under cover of charitable organizations, which extort money from the expatriate Tamil community. One of these networks was recently dismantled in France, after months of surveillance of militants, all linked to the politicomilitary apparatus established in Sri Lanka. Other organizations, seemingly separatist, are of a different nature. This is notably the case for the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in the Philippines, which belongs to AlQaeda \'s sphere of influence and had formed operational relations with the Indonesian Jammaa Islamyia.  Similarly the Colombian FARC belongs to another category. Driven on by a Marxist ideology, this military organization at war with the current government doesn \'t hesitate in striking alliances with drug traffickers in order to finance its military activities. These few examples show that organizations of the separatist kind or claiming to follow political ideals are still active and coexist in this world with the radical Islamist current. However, terrorism conveyed by these organizations doesn \'t have the same resonance as Al-Qaeda \'s, despite being just as bloodthirsty as the latter. It is true that Islamist terrorism has a global dimension and that it feeds on geopolitical opportunities in order to thrive. Above all its main target is the United States and it threatens the stability of the world through its global strategy. This is a point we \'ll come back to later. But nevertheless let \'s not forget the other forms of terrorism on the oftenunacknowledged grounds that they don \'t concern us directly. In this area the egocentricity of the states plays into the hands of terrorism. Nations often tend to forget the lessons of terrorist violence. Public opinions tend to delete the scenes of terror produced by terrorist actions from their collective consciousness.  Page 3 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Even the 11th September 2001 now belongs to History, and the commemorations of the sixth anniversary of these attacks didn \'t benefit from the same media coverage as the previous years. European countries have forgotten the Madrid and London attacks, and the largescale planned terrorist operations recently foiled in Germany have barely made the French public aware of the problem. It is true that only states that have experienced terrorism are aware of the reality of the threat. This was the case of the United States, where the public opinion only mobilized and supported President Bush in his  war against terrorism  after the 11th September attacks. The 1998 attacks against their embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam didn \'t have the same effect. Similarly the arrest of Ahmed Ressam (the Millennium bomber) in December 1999 on the United States \' West Coast, which showed Al-Qaeda \'s will to hit the United States on their soil, was notably underestimated. France has been under terrorist threat for more than thirty years, and has always considered the fight against terrorism as a priority. It has given itself a particularly efficient anti-terrorist system, which is today considered with interest by many states. The anti-terrorist legislation isn \'t a political issue in France, although its implementation has sometimes been contested by Human Rights advocates.  But in France the public opinion as a whole considers that the right balance between infringements on personal freedom and safeguard of the collective safety has been preserved. This experience of the fight against terrorism, acquired with the passing years, has led us to implement in this area a global strategy that doesn \'t take into account any partisan or national considerations. The fight against terrorism ­ under whatever form ­ has become global. It doesn \'t belong to one state. In this matter solidarity is an adamant requirement. The anti-terrorist judicial division I lead has implemented, at my behest, this strategic dimension of the fight against terrorism, without discrimination against origin or form. Thus, in France, we pursue with the same determination the logistical and financial support activities carried out for the benefit of organizations operating abroad.  Page 4 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France In the same spirit, it has also developed international cooperation not only in Europe and in the United States but also in other regions of the world, notably in Asia. Lately it \'s been particularly the case with Sri Lanka, within the framework of the dismantling of an LTTE logistical and financial network set up in France. The fight against radical networks of Islamist inspiration is obviously at the heart of our priorities. For the most part these networks consist of activists from the Maghreb, mainly Algeria, formed at the beginning of the 1990 \'s with the development of the GIA (Armed Islamic Group), which then created a few years later the GSPC (Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat). Although they appeared in Europe after the repression in Algeria of Islamist parties that threatened the political stability of the country, their emergence falls within the more general scope of the post-Cold War era, with the exacerbation of nationalist currents ­ mostly in the Balkans ­ and the rise of the radical Islamist ideology embodied by AlQaeda. Unlike what political leaders of the era predicted, the collapse of the bipolar world has generated a divided, antagonistic world, in which nationalist tensions and radical ideologies are exacerbated. Some of the latter ­ Al-Qaeda \'s ­ have proclaimed their theological foundations: Salafism. The tragic events of September 11, 2001 and the many terrorist actions that shook the world after that date proceed from this evolution, which has been notably underestimated. Today no one challenges the fact that the terrorist threat is obvious and acute. Al-Qaeda and the organizations and networks that have pledged allegiance to it represent an increasingly heavy threat to the security of the states and the world \'s sound footing. Very opportunistic, attentive to the world \'s evolutions, reactive to political and geopolitical factors, the radical Islamist networks established across the continents take advantage of the tensions and international crises as well as the prevarications and the mistakes of the states in their management of world affairs, to promote their strategy of violence. The Islamist threat is all the more difficult to fight since it doesn \'t obey a centralized commandment centre and it doesn \'t come from a structured and hierarchical  Page 5 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France organization. It develops on a horizontal and erratic mode, without any pre-established operational set-up, at the behest of networks and scattered polymorphous mutant cells operating on a global scale. The Islamist threat hasn \'t just become global. It has also developed a global combat strategy. Such globalisation at a strategic level manifests itself in the targets and in the means used. From the classical technique of bomb attacks, Al-Qaeda and all the terrorist networks that have pledged allegiance to it have gone on to using civilian planes as weapons of massive destruction and today suicide attacks. I don \'t need to underline to the political and security leaders of this country the formidable efficiency of these blind attacks, difficult to detect, and which deeply affect civilian populations. The use of other methods is also to be feared, such as chemical, bacteriological and radioactive weapons (dirty bombs). Although at this stage we do not have any documented proof, experts in the fight against terrorism fear the use of nuclear weapons in the long run. These few preliminary considerations place us at the heart of this colloquium \'s theme, the necessary response to terrorist threats, and more precisely the response modes elaborated by the international community or by member states within the framework of an institutional or agreed cooperation. But in order to analyse the terms of the response to terrorist threats and to appreciate the relevance and the efficiency of procedures implemented to that effect, you need to define the outlines of a complex, polymorphous and very evolutional threat in its operational strategy as well as in its ways of working. Therefore, if you agree, I first intend to evoke briefly the evolution, the typology and the outlines of the Islamist threat, before talking about the response modes drawn up by the international community. Nevertheless the efficiency of international standards in this area decreed either by the United Nations or by regional organizations such as Europe \'s, depends on the goodwill of states and on their legal arsenal. In this respect, France has a series of legal provisions dedicated to the fight against terrorism, and it has developed, mostly at my behest, a voluntarist operational strategy, today unanimously acknowledged for its efficiency.  Page 6 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Let \'s talk first ­ however briefly ­ about the evolutions and the main characteristics of the terrorist threat.  EVOLUTION AND TYPOLOGY OF THE ISLAMIST THREAT THAT HAS PLEDGED ALLEGIANCE TO AL-QAEDA  Islamist terrorism emerged and then developed quickly after the collapse of the bipolar world. The attacks on 11th September 2001 and the current events proceed from this evolution. Knowing well this evolution and drawing its outlines isn \'t an academic exercise, it has an operational dimension. This is the policy we \'ve been following for decades: it has allowed us, particularly with regards to the Islamist threat, to define an efficient counterattack strategy.  1-On the emergence of Islamist terrorism until 11th September 2001 In Europe and more specifically in France, the first manifestations of the terrorist threat date back to 1993. France was affected very early on by radical Islamist violence, with the emergence of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA). The United States were also targeted by a terrorist network after the first attack in 1993 against the World Trade Centre in New York. But this first attack didn \'t lead to an indepth review of this creeping threat. In France the Islamist radical threat was conveyed by the Algerian GIA, a radical Salafist organization with the same ideology and the same strategy as Al-Qaeda. Stemming from political upheavals in Algeria after Islamist parties were banned, the GIA and other radical Islamist groups went underground in 1992. They created pockets of resistance in Algeria and constituted in Europe, and more specifically in France, clandestine networks of logistical and financial support. These clandestine structures with a direct connection to the Algerian maquis were lead by seasoned Mujahiddin who had undergone military training in Afghanistan \'s camps. These are the cells that were then activated for the attacks perpetrated in France in 1995.  Page 7 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France This wave of attacks sponsored by the GIA had been preceded six months earlier by the hijacking of a plane owned by the airline Air France, which ensured regular flights between Algiers and Paris. But it wasn \'t any ordinary hijacking: the commando who \'d hijacked the plane was supposed to crash it in Paris, probably on the Eiffel Tower, which is a symbolic monument, just like the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York. This GIA strategy foretold very clearly Al-Qaeda \'s: the export of terrorist violence to the Western World and the use of aircraft as weapon of massive destruction. Similarly it revealed that Al-Qaeda and the organizations that had sworn allegiance to it favoured suicide attacks for their main operations, although this behaviour doesn \'t appear in the Sunnite tradition. We know the place held by this operating mode in the attacks perpetrated by Islamist networks since 2003. Once more let \'s not forget that the creators of this type of operation are the Tamil Tigers of the LTTE. This terrorist activism of the 1990 \'s also emphasized one essential factor in the terrorist threat, the Jihad lands. The  religious war  is above all the direct confrontation on an Islamic land between Muslims and Non-Muslims. Afghanistan was such a land, and also Bosnia, Kosovo, Kashmir, Chechnya and today Iraq. But undoubtedly it is the Afghanistan-Pakistan area that played a dominant role until 2001 in the development of the Islamist threat. The study of this phenomenon within the framework of an investigation that was handed to me allowed us to become aware as early as 1995 of the reality of AlQaeda \'s threat, and to understand its strategy. France was thus able to adapt its counter terrorism system to this new situation in order to anticipate the effects. This is the context in which, from as early as 1996, starting with a fake passport affair, we detected the network lead by Ahmed Ressam, nicknamed  the Millennium bomber , who had planned to carry out an attack at Los Angeles airport during the transition to the year 2000. This planned attack foretold the large-scale terrorist operations of 11th September. In both cases Al-Qaeda decided to strike the United States on their soil, just like the GIA had done in France six years earlier. Moreover, in both cases ­ France at the end of 1994 and the United States in September 2001 ­ the use of commercial aircrafts as  Page 8 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France weapons of mass destruction was favoured. This shows remarkable continuity in the strategy of these networks. 2-After 11th September 2001 and the current situation The period that followed 11th September 2001 showed that the threat hadn \'t disappeared and that it had acquired a global dimension. Although deprived of their Afghan sanctuary, Al-Qaeda \'s networks have proven that they are still active. Particularly, it \'s appeared that multiple networks and scattered cells had been formed in the world, without any operational links, very fluid, with polymorphous structures, reactive to geopolitical data, and particularly opportunistic at action level. These structures do not obey any centralized commandment centre, and Al-Qaeda doesn \'t act as one. Nevertheless Al-Qaeda stimulated this threat, notably through media interventions by its charismatic leaders, urging on the networks to act independently from actions led by its own organization or by other movements directly affiliated to it. This very particular feature of the Al-Qaeda current and this unprecedented operational typology required an anti-terrorist strategy of a new kind, much more flexible, reactive and able to anticipate. This is what we tried to achieve in France. Thus we managed to detect before it took action a Pakistani Islamist network affiliated to LET (Lashkar-e-Toiba), established in Australia, and to establish on this occasion the activism of Pakistani structures in Europe. The Caucasus also appeared as early as 2002 as a training base for Mujahiddin. Radical Islamists from Europe were trained there in the use of chemical weapons by networks under the leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Basayev. They were to carry out attacks in France. As a matter of fact, since 2003 it \'s Iraq that \'s been the most powerful driving force for terrorist activities, exerting an unprecedented level of attraction on the European Islamic current. More fragmented and volatile networks and structures were formed. The Islamist militants engaged in these channels towards Iraq have turned out to be more fanatical than their elders, willing to die as martyrs not only on the Iraqi stage but also in Europe in suicide attacks. 3-The current situation and the foreseeable evolution of the terrorist threat No one can doubt that the aggravation of the terrorist threat is for real.  Page 9 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France The Syrian-Lebanese crisis and the diplomatic tensions between Iran and the Western world on the nuclear issue have become additional problems beside Iraq. These tensions interfere with the security climate in the Middle East. Moreover the constant deterioration of the situation at the Afghanistan-Pakistan border is a new subject of worry. The evolution of this insecurity, fed by the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, could spread to neighbouring countries all the way to Central Asia and South-East Asia. Furthermore the recent allegiance of the Algerian GSPC ­ formerly GIA ­ to Al-Qaeda constitutes a new threat for North Africa and Europe. This fast evolution of the Islamist threat demands constant adaptation to its operational typology. In the field of counter terrorism there is no rigid model. We have to be resourceful when confronted with the evolution of networks, adaptable in the way we approach threat factors, and flexible in the analysis of situations as well as in the implementation of antiterrorist procedures. The heterogeneousness of approaches with regards to the threat, mostly due to erroneous analysis of the terrorist threat, has direct consequences on counterattack procedures. The main result is that it creates sanctuaries for terrorist networks. Such a situation, found in a number of regions of the world, including Europe, compromises the efficiency of the fight against terrorist structures and the latter take advantage of this. It must be understood that in this area ­ whatever the situation or the organizations involved, including those that don \'t belong to the Islamist current ­ international solidarity is imperative. The fight against terrorism isn \'t the concern of any one state. International cooperation has to take place unreservedly and with none debarred, including in relation to separatist-style organizations, which usually only concern one particular state. Terrorism is a worldwide scourge. As such it must mobilize the international community. Political demands mustn \'t hide the real dimension of terrorism: to spread terror in order to give victory to a demand or an ideology. Through the United Nations and other worldwide or regional bodies, the international community has reasserted many times over the need to fight against all forms of terrorism. However, member states have to grant themselves a legal arsenal that will enable them to fight efficiently against the terrorist threat.  Page 10 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France This leads us to examine the counterattack procedures based at the same time on a series of conventions, international legal instruments and national legislations.  THE  STATES \' COUNTERATTACK AGAINST TERRORIST THREATS: THE ARSENAL OF LEGAL PROVISIONS AND  PROCEDURES IN THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL ORDER DEDICATED TO THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM  Not all states consider that to place the fight against terrorism within a legal framework is a basic premise. Many states within which institutions are not democratic or that have given in to the lure of law-and-order strategies, have implemented counterattack procedures situated outside the legal field. Such an approach, which plays into the hands of terrorism, is politically questionable and inefficient in the long run. For all that, the combat against terrorism has to be led resolutely, without any weakness or concession; even if it means carrying out measured infringements of individual freedoms if required by circumstances. The international community, aware of the challenge that the terrorist threat represents for the core values our societies are based on, has gone down this path by condemning terrorist violence unequivocally, stating that no reference to any so-called political demands can justify it. The fact that the states have to implement the necessary legal measures is another matter. 1-International instruments Let \'s examine first the international conventions adopted either by the United Nations or by Europe, whether it \'s the Council of Europe or the Council of the European Union. You have to distinguish between conventions with a universal scope and conventions adopted by European authorities. Conventions with a universal scope In the fight against terrorism, the universal normative framework is constituted of twelve conventions that try to fight against the multiple manifestations of terrorism without giving a global definition of the notion of terrorism. These conventions are as follow: The Convention relative to Offences and Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, adopted in Tokyo on 14th September 1963, which from the criminal point of view contains no obligation of specific incrimination, only rules relative to the competence of  Page 11 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France jurisdictions. This convention was followed by the Hague Convention of 16th December 1970 for the Repression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft. The following year, on 23rd September, was adopted in Montreal a third convention on air traffic, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, to which was added a Protocol concerning airport safety. All these conventions adopted between 1963 and 1971 show that the international community had already been made aware at this time of aerial terrorism, which was then mostly carried out by the Palestinian organizations of the  Refusal Front . These conventions, which only have a limited practical scope, didn \'t have any direct effect on the prevention of attacks perpetrated by Al-Qaeda and Salafist-type organizations after the fall of communism. Moreover the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prevention and the Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons, dated 14th December 1973, and the Convention Against the Taking of Hostages, dated 17th December 1979. Maritime traffic ­ after the hostage-taking incident on Italian boat  Achille Lauro  ­ gave rise to the adoption on 10th March 1988 of a Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, followed by a Protocol on oilrigs. Furthermore, aware of the threat posed by the use of atomic power for terrorist purposes, the international community adopted several conventions to prevent this risk. On 3rd March 1980 was adopted in Vienna the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, which makes a criminal offence of any act that could be qualified as  traffic  or dispersal of nuclear materials and which could cause death or serious injuries to others. This Convention was completed on 13th April of the same year by the United Nations Convention on Nuclear Terrorism, which came in force on 6th July 2007 after its ratification by Bangladesh, the 22nd state to do so. This Convention obliges signatory states to integrate within their domestic legal framework the incriminations contained within the Convention. Moreover, two more conventions about the use of explosives in a terrorist context were to be adopted. The Montreal Convention dated 1st March 1991 on the Marking of Plastic Explosives aimed to repress better the wide use in terrorist attacks of  Semtex , a  Page 12 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France plastic explosive of Czechoslovakian origin. On 15th December 1997 the United Nations adopted another Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings. Finally, on 9th December 1999, following France \'s initiative, the United Nations adopted the Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism. Conventions of the European Union and the Council of Europe As well as conventions with universal scope, other multilateral legal instruments were to be enacted by European authorities: the Council of Europe and the Council of the European Union. Unlike conventions with universal scope, which don \'t always have an operational dimension, those adopted by Europe have all been transposed in the domestic legislative order and now complete the legislative arsenal of the states in the fight against terrorism. As far as the Council of Europe is concerned, it \'s adopted two conventions on terrorism: 1. The 1977 European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism and its additional Protocol dated 15th May 2003. This Convention doesn \'t consider terrorist offences as political offences, offences related to a political offence or offences inspired by political motives. 2. The European Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism dated 16th May 2005. As for the European Union, it adopted on 13th June 2002 a framework decision that has legislative value for member states. It lists the acts that have to be considered as terrorist acts when they are seriously damaging to a country and when they are committed with the view of seriously intimidating a population or of forcing unduly the public authorities or an international organization to accomplish or fail to accomplish a given act, or with the view of seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or of an international organization. Above all, and this is new, this framework decision makes offences relative to a terrorist group criminal offences, and gives a definition very close to the French penal code definition of  criminal conspiracy  to the  terrorist group . Therefore it makes punishable all the logistical and financial activities of the group in question when they are upstream of terrorist actions. Furthermore it distinguishes between leadership of the group and participation in the group \'s activities. This is precisely what the French legislator did in 2004 and 2006.  Page 13 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Finally it has to be noted that within the framework of the so-called JAI negotiations (Justice and Internal Affairs), significant advances have been obtained at the European level regarding the management of intra-Community investigations, with joined team of investigation and in the field of extradition, with the European arrest warrant. With Europol and Eurojust, which do not have yet the authority to substitute themselves for national authorities in the absence of a European Constitution granting them political legitimacy, such European advances in this field are the beginnings of supranational justice and police department. But in the absence of true European police and justice, states are solely responsible for the management of their anti-terrorist policy, even if their action in this area has to take into account the international instruments we have just talked about. Unquestionably all these international conventions play a crucial part in the fight against terrorism. As a matter of fact they have made the states more aware of the terrorist threat and have encouraged them to cooperate even in the absence of international conventions. Thus, in October 2002, I was able to obtain from the United Arab Emirates the hearing of Jamel Beghal, detained in Abu Dhabi, then his extradition, in compliance with international letters rogatory. In the absence of an international convention these two requests were granted based on diplomatic reciprocity. On the same basis, another Islamist militant linked to Al-Qaeda and belonging to Ahmed Ressam \'s network was extradited from Jordan in 1999. In 1998, the Libyan authorities ­ in a specific political context, it has to be said ­ agreed to comply with international letters rogatory concerning the September 1999 attack against the DC10 owned by airline UTA. Lately the police and judicial cooperation between France and Australia has led to the neutralization of a Pakistani network of the LET (Lashkar-e-Toiba), which was about to carry out attacks in the Sydney area. But international conventions don \'t solve all the problems. They must be transposed to the internal order in order to be applicable, which isn \'t always the case. Furthermore, many of them don \'t really have a practical scope. Above all, some of them are not applied or meet with resistance from the states. Thus it \'s only in 2005 that Great Britain extradited Rachid Ramda, wanted by French justice for his presumed participation in the 1995 GIA attacks. Today the European arrest warrant makes extraditions easier in Europe.  Page 14 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Similarly, the principle of double incrimination is often an obstacle to international cooperation, especially for extraditions. Now few states have an anti-terrorist legislation such as ours. The terrorist criminal conspiracy offence, which in the past had no equivalent in the legislation of other countries, didn \'t allow the implementation of conventions for judicial cooperation or extradition. In fact it \'s the internal judicial order that takes precedence. At the end of the day the responsibility of states is paramount. Finally we still have to talk about national strategies. Here I will only envisage the French experience, which, as previously mentioned, is original in more than one respect.  THE FRENCH COUNTER TERRORISM SYSTEM  This system is structured around a series of legal provisions dedicated to counter terrorism and to the creation of an original operational methodology focused on risk prevention. The legislative arsenal The main feature of this legislative arsenal is to be adapted to the terrorist threat, flexible and evolutional. Therefore it isn \'t a rigid legal system. It has to be underlined that the non-accusatory system ­ the  civil law  system ­ of the French penal procedure has vastly facilitated this flexibility and allowed the French system to be efficient, without, however, being free from the legal framework. France has taken up the challenge of fighting against all forms of terrorism within a legal framework. In order to succeed it was able to make this framework evolve. But it never gave in to the temptation of exceptional legislations detrimental to the fundamental principles of our law, such as the right for any accused person to have a fair trial. France, with its long experience of terrorism, developed a doctrine very early on in this field. It relies on actions carried out by our intelligence services, which detect potential threats, the specialized services of the criminal police department and a centralized judicial system. This particularly efficient system could only be established and constantly improved thanks to the awareness of the public opinion and the political class alike that terrorism is a major threat to our values no matter what form it takes.  Page 15 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France But we owe the efficiency of this system to its non-accusatory nature; its flexibility allows it to adapt to the outlines of the threat. The  common law  is rigid since its governing principles proceed from custom, not law. Like jurisprudence, custom, by nature, evolves slowly. This slow evolution guarantees the stability of the legal system and the protection of individual freedoms whatever the circumstances. In this legal system, this rigidity ­ particularly with regards to rules of procedure ­ hinders the necessary adaptations of the law in the face of changes in the terrorist threat. A gap can then appear between the legal arsenal and the need for rulers, who guarantee collective safety, to react to the threat. The temptation is then strong to free oneself from the legal framework. The Americans did it in Guantanamo and so did the British with the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, which was penalized by the Law Lords in London. In France the rules of procedure have evolved. Police custodies have been extended, cases centralized in Paris. Immediate searching regulations when searches are requested by investigating judges enabled the collection of increasing numbers of elements of proof. Above all, the fact that in French law any proof obtained loyally is admissible has largely contributed to the reinforcement of cooperation between intelligence services and judicial authorities. The result is a better use of operational intelligence for judicial ends. Raw unsupported intelligence only has a weak value as proof. Nevertheless it is admissible. Most of all it can be used ­ however without revealing its origin and the means used to obtain it ­ to open a new investigation which will enable to find other, more convincing proofs for the judge, within a judicial framework. This flexibility of the law has given efficient weapons to the various players in the fight against terrorism.  Civil law  thus enabled evolutions to take place in the procedural field as well as for incriminations and sanctions incurred for terrorist acts. One has to distinguish between contents laws and form laws Procedure laws These are the most important ones. They condition the efficiency of the investigations and the judicial neutralisation of terrorist networks.  Page 16 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France The main law in this area is the law dated 9th September 1986, which centralized in Paris the proceedings, the investigation and the judgement of acts of terrorism. The execution of sentences was also centralized after a recent law. The centralization allowed the creation of a force of specialized magistrates, at prosecution level and investigation level, with exhaustive and up-to-date knowledge of global and very evolutional phenomena. This ability to grasp how networks operate as a whole is essential for Al-Qaeda-style terrorist structures, which are polymorphous, dissociated, evolutional and opportunistic in the way they operate. As underlined before, they obey no commandment centre and operate autonomously, although they do have one-off or permanent operational contacts with similar networks, scattered all round the world, some of them thousands of kilometres away. As well as centralizing investigations, the 1986 law extended to four days ­ recently extended even further to six days - the duration of police custody (during which a suspect can be detained and questioned by the police without any contact with the outside and without the assistance of an attorney). Moreover, investigating judges (in France, specialized judges, not prosecutors, are in charge of investigations) are able to order phone-tappings, monitor Internet traffic and even use intrusive measures, such as bugs in private locations. They then act as judges. Some of their decisions can be referred to the Court of Appeal. Contents laws Since 1994 the French legislator has recognized the autonomy of terrorist acts by dedicating to them an entire title in the penal code. Yet he hasn \'t yet defined the terrorist offence but he has worsened some common law offences  when they are intentionally in relation with an individual or collective enterprise with the purpose of seriously disturbing public order by intimidation or terror.  But it \'s mostly the terrorist criminal conspiracy offence, completely new in Europe, and which meets the prescription of the European Union \'s framework decision dated 13th June 2002, that has turned out to be the most efficient weapon against terrorist networks. Calling them terrorist acts, this legal measure represses the logistical and financial activities of terrorist groups and alliances, without the need to establish that these activities are linked to a particular project or that there exists any terrorist project.  Page 17 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France This legal weapon ­ which is the cornerstone of our legislative system ­ has enabled us to promote a proactive anti terrorist strategy aimed at preventing attacks by neutralizing clandestine networks of logistical and financial support. Because in this area, no attack can be perpetrated unless clandestine structures in charge of financing the operation and supplying the logistical means to achieve the attack have been set up first in target countries. Since 1996 the implementation of this strategy has allowed us to counter several planned attacks, one or two per year, against our territory. Thus, in 1998, under my leadership, was neutralized a European network of radical Islamists who had planned to carry out a series of attacks during the football world cup. In 2000 was dismantled in Frankfurt another network of Islamist radicals who were about to carry out a blind attack on the Cathedral Square in Strasburg. In 2001 were arrested several radical militants linked to Al-Qaeda, still on the basis of the criminal conspiracy offence. They had spent some time in Afghanistan and were planning to carry out an attack against the United States Embassy in Paris. The following year another network was neutralized: its activists had planned to carry out chemical attacks in France after spending some time in the Caucasus. The same legal basis was put to good use again in France when we dismantled last April a vast network of Tamil militants who actively supported the LTTE, notably at the financial level. This judicial operation carried out under the authority of the department I used to manage was only made possible because we had at our disposal the legal weapons required. Contrary to other countries ­ including European ones ­, on account of its anti-terrorist legislation, France can prosecute the logistical or financial activities of networks operating abroad. Furthermore, our doctrine in this area, which I developed with the passing years, consists in considering that an organization like the LTTE is a terrorist organization like any other and that its activities, even in the area of logistics, have to be repressed with the same vigour as for terrorist networks operating on our soil and threatening us directly. Therefore it is within the framework of this strategy and with the help of our legislative arsenal that presumed members of the LTTE based in France were arrested by the AntiTerrorist Sub Directorate of the Criminal Police and charged with terrorist criminal conspiracy and financing of terrorism. For those specific offences they incur 10 years \' imprisonment and a definitive ban from our domestic territory for those who are not  Page 18 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France French nationals. Although in some circumstances loss of citizenship can be pronounced. These investigations mostly concern underground cells involved in logistical and financial operations; this led us to discover that they mostly used micro-finance of the kind used by common law criminals (chiefly the traffic and fraudulent used of forged credit cards). With reference to the fight against macro-finance, France introduced in its domestic legislation the measures taken by the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism. It completed its judicial arsenal in this area by making the following offences criminal offences: money laundering for terrorist purposes and fraudulent operations of currency manipulation (insider trading).  OPERATIONAL METHODOLOGY  This operational methodology was previously mentioned when we talked about the terrorist criminal conspiracy offence: it tends to prevent the terrorist risk through a resolutely proactive policy. However, the efficient implementation of such a strategy requires all the actors of counter terrorism, starting with intelligence services, to be asked to collaborate. In France we managed to implement the operational synergy between our intelligence services, starting with the DST (Directorate of Territorial Surveillance). Like the American FBI, this counter espionage and counter terrorism department holds investigative powers. It is currently our main partner and we entrust it with the majority of investigations into Al-Qaeda networks. This collaboration has allowed us to enhance the value of intelligence obtained by our services, in relation with direct threats on our soil or threats to other countries. Thanks to this operational synergy we discovered in 1996 the  Ressam  network, named after this Al-Qaeda militant arrested on 14th December 1999 on the United States \' West Coast just as he was about to bomb Los Angeles airport.  Page 19 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Finally, at this stage another fact needs to be emphasized: the part played by international cooperation. Islamist terrorism is global. Understanding these phenomena requires trustful partnerships between the states in order to share intelligence. For France the United States have been and still are special partners. It is thanks to this cooperation that Ressam was condemned in the United States. This international cooperation has also enabled us to detect threats directed towards other countries, particularly Australia and Japan.  CONCLUSION  Today the fight against terrorism is at the centre of every state \'s schedule. The worsening of the security situation in the Middle East and at the Afghanistan-Pakistan area increases the risks to world safety and seriously threatens the stability of some states. If the fight against terrorism is an inescapable requirement, reiterated several times by the United Nations, the means implemented in this fight must fulfil some political and operational constraints. No country can be free from its legal framework in order to define and implement its anti terrorist policy. To renounce our values is to play in the terrorists \' hands. But to adopt a wait-and-see or a lax attitude towards terrorist networks, whatever its nature or motivation, would seriously endanger our liberties. Once again we are faced with the fundamental problem of the necessary balance between protecting human rights and individual freedoms and protecting collective safety and state institutions. This issue has become increasingly important since the September 11, 2001 attack; it is mentioned in international conventions and also fuels the internal debate. The United Nations, through their conventions or through the stances of their General Secretary, have constantly reminded nations of the Organization \'s objectives, which include, with a view to maintaining peace and international security, the adoption of  Page 20 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France new measures to prevent and remove threats to peace and promote human rights and economic development. The Document of the 2005 World Summit regarding the action of the UNO against terrorism firmly condemned terrorism once again  in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes, as it constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security . The international community thus presents in a clear fashion the issue of the resolute fight against terrorism, since it threatens world peace, and the necessary respect for human rights. But it \'s up to sovereign states to define within their internal order the balance that has to be achieved between those two often-antagonistic constraints, based on their own political and security factors. The terrorist criminal conspiracy offence as defined in article 421-2-1 of the French Penal Code is the subject of many criticisms from human rights advocates. However, this legal text, applied by ordinary jurisdictions, fulfils the prescriptions of the framework decision of the Council of the European Union dated 13th January 2002, regarding the fight against terrorism, which reminds us in its preamble that  the European Union is based on the universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality, solidarity, respect for human rights and fundamental liberties . The Council of Europe has also proved very attentive to the respect of these fundamental values, particularly within the framework of the statutes and operating rules of internal security services of its member states. The Venice Commission on the internal security services of member states of the Council of Europe adopted in its report dated 7th April 1998 a declaration according to which it is stated that not only the state, but also any citizen of this state, have to guarantee the protection of the integrity, stability and internal security of the state. In this perspective, although individuals have the right to exercise freely their freedom, the latter can nevertheless be curtailed for the common good and the good of the society they belong to, as long as these curtailments are justified with regards to the reasons stated above. This principle takes up again the jurisprudence decreed in this area by the European Court of Human Rights (see Klass judgment dated 6th September 1998). During the work sessions of the Specialists \' Group on internal security services at the Council of Europe (PC-S-SEC) in October 2002, of which I was one of two scientific experts, the principles drawn by the Venice Commission were confirmed, particularly the right to interfere with private life when it proves necessary for national security and as long as it is exercised within a legal framework.  Page 21 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    International Responses to Terrorism  Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere, Chairman, French Anti-Terrorist Judges, France Consequently there must be no rupture, and even less antagonism, between international order and internal order. States are sovereign. They are solely responsible for the measures to take in order to guarantee their safety and the safety of their citizens while protecting human rights and individual freedoms. Implementing this requirement can be difficult. In this area states have to display courage and political responsibility. This requires greater solidarity between nations in order to lead this global fight. In this respect we owe it to ourselves to reinforce our international cooperation at every level, notably by adopting multilateral or bilateral conventions in the field of judicial cooperation as well as extradition. Some countries like Japan or Sri Lanka still do not have a conventional agreement with France. This situation, even if it doesn \'t facilitate bilateral cooperation, doesn \'t forbid it either, provided that there is an agreement. Thus we have formed many partnerships with these states on the basis of diplomatic reciprocity. I am convinced of the urgent need to enhance international cooperation and I have constantly worked towards it in connection with other security entities in France. This policy has allowed us to prevent terrorist attacks and has vastly benefited many other countries. Thank you for your attention.  Page 22 of 22 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",107);arrFiles[90]=new Array(91,"pdf/Minister_Speech.pdf","26 Oct 2007","Inaugural Address","","","International Conference on Countering Terrorism  Terrorism: A Challenge to Democratically Elected Governments   INAUGURAL ADDRESS  Rohitha Bogollagama, MP Minister of Foreign Affairs Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka  18th October 2007 Committee Room `A \', BMICH     SRI LANKA: A `FOOT SOLDIER \' IN THE BATTLE AGAINST TERRORISM  Your Excellencies, Colleagues, Distinguished Counter Terrorism Experts, Ladies and Gentlemen, The scourge of terrorism has been one which we as a nation and we as a world have been grappling with for many years. This International Conference on Countering Terrorism comes at a critical juncture, not only locally but globally as well, as international attention is increasingly focused on the travails and tribulations the modern state has to wrestle with, due to terrorism and terrorism related concerns. This challenge is manifold as it confronts democratically elected governments like ours. We are appreciative of the presence of such a large and distinguished gathering of eminent personalities in the field of counter terrorism and its related areas, who would no doubt contribute immensely to the deliberations that would take place over the next two days, and in so doing would make a worthy contribution to our discussions. A victim of terror Here in Sri Lanka, for over three decades we have been a victim of terrorism, and every single citizen of this country has had to deal with this vicious plague. The brutal tentacles of terrorism are not just limited to a single locality or region, but are ones which spread far and wide, over a myriad of areas from financing, to smuggling be it humans or narcotics, all contributing in no small measure to bring misery and hardship to thousands, whilst further handicapping a country on its path to progress and prosperity. This growth of the LTTE has been widely commented upon by the media as well as by terrorism and intelligence experts across the world, over time. Unfortunately little effort has been made by the international community to arrest this trend until the attacks of 9/11. However terrorism is a global phenomenon. Addressing the 62nd Sessions of the United Nations General Assembly, His Excellency the President, Mahinda Rajapaksa was to note, and I quote, 1     Terrorism anywhere is terrorism. There is nothing good in terrorism. Sri Lanka has taken an upfront position in the global community \'s efforts to deal with terrorism.   A `foot soldier \' in the battle against terrorism As you are aware Sri Lanka has played a pioneering and influential role in a multitude of fora from the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) to the United Nations (UN), the Commonwealth, the Non Aligned Movement (NAM), recently through the Shangri-La Dialogue and the Asian Regional Forum (ARF), in drawing international attention to the problems confronting democracies facing the challenge of terrorism. In this era when the global community continues to be entangled in a definitional debate as to what constitutes  terrorism , it must be recalled that Sri Lanka \'s pioneering efforts were largely responsible in pressing for the SAARC Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism at the first SAARC Summit in Dhaka in December 1985. Few believed it was achievable at the time, but not only was the SAARC able to sign such a Convention in 1987 at the Kathmandu Summit, but since, SAARC has moved on to enter into an Additional Protocol in 2004, with a view to cooperate in practical ways to help each other. In the 1990 \'s Sri Lanka was also at the forefront in making specific proposals on measures to eliminate international terrorism, covering the question of abuse of asylum and fund raising activities through front organizations. At the time Sri Lanka also proposed that terrorist crimes should be regarded as `serious non-political crimes \', while also advocating the prevention of financing terrorist and terrorist organizations, whether such financing was direct or indirect. It is heartening to note that the substance of these proposals were reflected in the 1996 Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism which was adopted without a vote in the General Assembly. My predecessor Lakshman Kadirgamar himself, a victim of terrorism, in whose memory, the Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies which is organizing this Conference in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has been named, played a forceful role in drawing attention to the phenomenon of child combatants. Since 1997, as Vice Chair of the UN Ad Hoc Committee on Terrorism, Sri Lanka played an important role in the drafting of the Convention on the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings. Since 2000, Dr. Rohan Perera, the Legal Advisor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka has chaired  2    this committee and is playing a pivotal role in the on going delicate negotiations of a Comprehensive Convention on the Elimination of Terrorism. Since 1963 thirteen major United Nations Conventions and Protocols have been adopted to confront and combat terrorism that deals with a range of issues from hostage taking, terrorist bombing, financing of terrorism, terrorist related threats to aviation and maritime navigation, nuclear terrorism, among others. Sri Lanka is a State Party to twelve of these thirteen Conventions, and I deposited the instrument of ratification of the International Convention for the Suppression of Nuclear Terrorism at the UN a few weeks ago. It was under Sri Lanka \'s Chairmanship, that the Nuclear Terrorism Convention was successfully concluded in April 2005. Sri Lanka was also amongst the first signatories of the Convention. As for the ongoing negotiations on the Comprehensive Convention on the Elimination of Terrorism, Sri Lanka believes that this Convention, which, in our view remains a priority, must be concluded without further delay. A success story in countering terrorism In the long and arduous struggle against terrorism, not withstanding some impediments and setbacks, Sri Lanka can in several respects count itself as having been a success story in the battle against terrorism. First, while we have constantly upheld that the present conflict in Sri Lanka must be resolved through political means and are presently engaged in building a consensus through the All Party Representatives Committee (APRC), Sri Lanka has never compromised on, or condoned with terrorism. The recent efforts of the Government in restoring normalcy in the Eastern Province, is a clear message that terrorism can be defeated with coordinated political will. I am sure those of you, who are familiar with the difficulties faced in carrying out military as well as `hearts and mind \' operations in areas dominated by terrorists, would better appreciate the magnitude of the challenge we faced. Having done so, today, the Government has embarked on a programme to bring about sustainable development in the area and to hold elections at the earliest. It is our hope that this exercise will serve as a model in post conflict development. This is worthy of emulation in other situations as well. A second lesson Sri Lanka provides is the vital necessity of international cooperation in overcoming terrorist challenges, particularly in developing countries. We have come a long way from the time 3    when Sri Lanka \'s pleas to the international community not to harbour terrorists, to stem money flows and to apprehend those conniving to continue to cause mayhem in Sri Lanka, fell on deaf ears. A compilation of published reports of the genesis and growth of LTTE activity in countries and the action taken by foreign governments, has been documented by the Foreign Ministry and is being made available to you. It should serve as a reminder to all countries facing terrorism as well as those wittingly or unwittingly permitting their soil to be used to nurture and nourish terrorists, that condoning terrorism today leaves us to face a greater challenge tomorrow. One must be conscious that in taking action against the LTTE foreign governments are not merely helping Sri Lanka, but they are also acting in their self-interest, for it is well known that the LTTE \'s global terror network which has links to other terrorist organizations such as United Liberation Front of Assam(ULFA), the Afghan Mujahideen, the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK), the Maoists, Abu Sayaf, Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and to the Al-Qaeda, has the ability to contribute to copy-cat terrorism through its suicide bomb technology, acts of maritime terrorism, and nascent air strike capability. This has rightfully alarmed the intelligence communities across the world, because given its global network of offices, operatives and vessels, the possibility that the LTTE could offer its services as mercenaries to other groups, should not be discounted. Thirdly, given that the chief weapon of terrorists is to terrorise governments and people, Sri Lanka has also shown remarkable resistance and resilience in facing up to these challenges. Our people have not only shown courage in the face of terror, but normalcy has been restored within a short period of time when Sri Lanka has faced crisis situations. Also importantly, notwithstanding the difficulties we face, our socio-economic indicators remain impressive. We maintained a growth rate of 7.4% in GDP terms in 2006. Foreign direct investments in 2006 amounted to US  640 million, while exports increased by 8.4% to US  6.883 billion. These figures too are expected to rise in the current year. Following an increase in per capita income, Sri Lanka is now categorized as a middle income status country. These successes should give other democracies hope, that terrorism can be fought and overcome, by ensuring the sustenance of the will of our peoples and the support and assistance of the international community. I am hopeful that in your deliberations you will focus on the need for all states to go beyond subscribing and ratifying the international conventions relating to countering terrorism, and convert these into tangible form by developing the necessary enabling legislation that will give effect to their 4    international pledges. Without this element our success against terrorists, whether in Sri Lanka or elsewhere in the world, would remain futile. Another aspect I commend to your consideration is that increasing attention be paid to confront terrorism in the oceans. In recent weeks and months, not only Sri Lanka but even the Maldives have been confronted with challenges in this respect and have overcome them. However, given that a bulk of maritime traffic passes through the Indian Ocean region, developing robust modalities to arrest the growing threat that faces Indian Ocean states, requires your reflection. I trust that this Conference would provide an opportunity for you to contribute, in a meaningful way to the body of knowledge, on how democracies face up to the challenge of terrorism in all its manifestations. I wish your deliberations every success!  5    ",53);arrFiles[91]=new Array(92,"pdf/Prof_Gerard_Chaliand.pdf","15 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Prof. Gerard Chaliand.doc","","","Dr Gérard Chaliand is an observer of insurgency warfare. For the past 40 years he has observed guerrilla movements in countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America and has had close battlefield contact with African, South American, Afghan and Vietnamese guerrillas among others. Dr Chaliand has written about 40 books, 20 of which have been translated into English. He ha taught at the Ecole Nationale d \'Administration, as well as the National War College in Paris. He has also been a visiting professor at Harvard University, UCLA and the University of California at Berkeley. Dr Chaliand was Director of the European Centre for the study of Conflicts as well as an advisor to the Centre of Analysis and Planning of the French Foreign Ministry. He has spent nine months in Iraq in the last five years and has been recently twice in Afghanistan has senior visiting fellow at the Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies (CAPS) in Kabul.    ",45);arrFiles[92]=new Array(93,"pdf/Regional Response to terrorism_Malik.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Malik.doc","","","Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India  MR. LAKSHMAN KADIRGAMAR  Ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor to participate in a conference on countering terrorism in the institute that carries the good name of Sri Lanka \'s most famous Foreign Minister, Late Mr. Lakshman Kadirgamar. In the diplomatic community, Mr. Lakshman Kadirgamar led his country \'s campaign against terrorism with singular determination and laid down his life in that cause. Mr. Lakshman Kadirgamar began his tireless campaign against the LTTE terror network much before the concept of  war on terror  entered the diplomatic dictionary. A man of dignity, honor and integrity, a highly respected statesman, he devoted his life to bringing peace to Sri Lanka. His contribution to India-Sri Lanka relations was also immense. His initiatives and efforts helped bring bilateral relations to the level of what he himself summed up as `irreversible excellence \', and in the words of India \'s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, `a new solidity and warmth to bilateral relations \'. His assassination on August 12, 2005 has left a void in Sri Lankan and South Asian political life that will be hard to fill. It is also a tragic reminder that unless we fight terror united in all its dimensions, the monster and scourge of terror will continue to damage our countries and civil societies.  INTRODUCTION  There is rarely a lucky day in South Asia these days when our people are not confronted with an act of terrorism; somewhere or the other, in some form or another, for some reason or the other. Terrorism in South Asia ebbs and flows. Terrorism is neither definable within geographical boundaries nor within the traditional moulds of rationality. Terrorist groups do not owe loyalty to any national flag, religion or even ethnic society. They extinguish innocent lives as legitimate victims and seek martyrdom in suicide missions. The terrorists \' threat is further magnified by their acquiring aerial capability, and the very real prospects of such groups acquiring Weapons of Mass Destruction and high technology in the pursuit of their endeavors. Before proceeding further, I need to point out that the so called war on terrorism is only a misnomer, because terrorism is neither state specific nor an ideology. It is a method of employing political violence in pursuit of an ideology. Second World War was not against blitzkrieg, but against Nazism which used blitzkrieg to overrun Europe. The war on terrorism is just a mobilizing term. It can not achieve success unless there is a comprehensive grand strategy that is implemented in letter and spirit.  ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC NATIONS  Page 1 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India In the last 44 years, starting September 1963, the United Nations has adopted 12 conventions concerning counter-terrorism. The number of signatories kept increasing with each successive convention indicating that when the international community feels a real threat to most of its members, it tends to unite and find the best ways to protect the security and well being of the world population. The UN Security Council Resolution 1373, unanimously and un-equivocally, condemned the attacks on 9/11 and expressed its determination to prevent all such acts. It urged the member states to work together urgently to prevent and suppress terrorist acts. It also decided that member states should `deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support, or commit terrorist acts. \' It called to find ways of intensifying and accelerating the exchange of operational information regarding actions of terrorists or their networks, traffic in arms, explosives or sensitive materials, use of communication technologies and the threat posed by the possession of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups. Resolution 1373 was further reinforced in Resolution 1456 when the UN decided to monitor its implementation and establish a committee with the assistance of appropriate expertise. Unfortunately, these provisions have not been translated into effective mechanisms for monitoring and enforcing compliance so far. It is for this reason that Al-Qaeda, Lashkar-e-Taiba, LTTE and other such terrorist groups have over the years developed ability to finance their activities through charities, drug trade, and gun running. The nexus between drug smuggling and terrorism, the organized flow of arms into South Asian nations from East and West, by seas and across porous land borders resulting into increasing terrorists \' activities is self evident. It is a recognized fact that the more likely targets of terrorism are the democratic societies. That is so because pluralism, peaceful co-existence, dialogue as the basis of resolution of differences, adult franchise as the optimal means of organizing internal affairs of the nations: these are an anathema to the terrorist groups. Such democratic societies challenge the very cause and rationale of the terrorists \' existence. For this very reason, democratic nations have a more significant role than the other members of the coalition. They would more naturally develop multi-lateral institutions and multi-national coordination required to counter terrorism. They would not get bogged down in definitional or causal arguments. Blocking financial supplies, disrupting networks, sharing intelligence, simplifying extradition procedures: these are preventive measures which can only be effective through international cooperation based on trust and shared values. I believe that institutions like the Counter Terrorism Committee of the United Nations should comprise only the hard-core democratic nations.  COUNTER TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA  Mr. Lakshman Kadirgamar once said, `geo-politically, South Asia represents an integral security zone. And in that, India has special ties with each of her neighbors ­ of  Page 2 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India ethnicity, language, culture, common historical experience, or of shared access to vital natural resources like water ­ of a degree of intensity that is not shared by any two others. \' Currently, the whole of South Asia-- India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Pakistan--is going through internal unrest and upheavals due to insurgency movements, ethnic conflicts, religious fundamentalism, or just cussed political polarization that encourage and use terrorism. Their terrorist activities have a history of crossing national boundaries and leading to inter-state tensions. My impression is that the terrorist situation in South Asia has deteriorated due to lack of political consensus, a comprehensive collective strategy, a will to implement, and adequate capacity building. Despite committing themselves to SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism- 1987, Eleventh SAARC Summit Declaration adopted at Katmandu on 6th January 2002, and Additional Protocol to the SAARC Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism of January 6, 2004, which recognized the importance of updating the Convention to meet the obligations devolving in terms of Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001); many SAARC nations continue to provide direct or indirect support to terrorists \' organizations. A few nations in South Asia still carry the belief that someone \'s terrorist can be someone else \'s freedom fighter. Such a notion is puerile. Any pre-meditated and unlawful act of violence against innocent people or noncombatants, irrespective of its cause and motive is nothing but terrorism. Such notions and advocacy reflect lack of commitment to war against terror. Here, I must repeat what I have been stating ever since 1999, which is, `Terrorism is a double-edged weapon. It is like a wicked dog, which often bites the hand that feeds it. \' I have also said that `a proxy or sub conventional war through terrorist activities can easily escalate into a conventional war. \' I believe the most important requirement to counter terrorism in South Asia is for the SAARC nations to raise the level of trust and confidence, and take voluntary action against terrorists \' activities on their soil rather than respond to complaints from neighbors. SAARC nations need to stand together and cooperate as counter terrorism partners. Cooperative regional efforts only can produce genuine security improvements-particularly in securing borders and transportation, enhancing document security, disrupting terrorist financing, and restricting their movements.  A NEW APPROACH AND STRATEGY  Terrorists \' activities anywhere will stop only when their fuel runs out. There is a need to combat and defeat the menace in all its manifestations. We do need a regional strategy and cooperation but essentially local operatives and doctrines. Here, I wish to make a few important points.  Page 3 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India One: at the ideological level, this war is between terrorist groups which do not believe in values of democracy, multiculturalism, ethnic and religious tolerance. The counter terrorism grand strategy followed in many countries with its preponderance of Defeat, Deny and Defend elements is far too militarist and operationally focused. It does not cover the ideological milieu adequately. Long term ideologically and politically sensitized counter terrorism elements must play a more dominant role. A pure military approach, given the fragility of institutional framework in operational areas and volatility of developments, can easily descend into anarchy. I support those who believe that `ideologues \' should be included in the strategy and operational fight against terrorism. Two: we need to devise collaborative strategies at the highest level. However, a uniform top down strategy must not be applied everywhere. Counter terrorism operational strategies and action plans should be worked out for each region and each location. It must take into cognizance important indigenous and local factors to neutralize terror networks. The terrorists do have ideological, doctrinal and sectarian differences; even ego clashes arising from different cultural and national backgrounds. We need to take advantage of these differences. This can be done only if we attempt to analyze them properly. How they are linked? How they are financed? How do they operate? It is important that each country facing the problem analyzes it independently, and then we pool this information. We need to build on elements of stability, nurture democratic impulses, nudge regimes to provide greater socio-political and socio-economic justice and engage in dialogues. Partners in the campaign to isolate terrorism should, as far as possible, be regional, with leadership that emanates through domestic democratic processes. Three: counter-terrorism strategy and cooperation should deal with all aspects of international terrorism: its linkages with transnational organized crime, illicit drugs, money laundering, illegal arms trafficking, and proliferation of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially deadly materials and their means of delivery. It should also seek a firm commitment and action to meet cross-border threats posed by the terrorists. Four: terrorism is not just a military problem. It is primarily a major socio-political problem. In the counter terrorism strategy, besides checking violence, we have to isolate and combat an ideology that is irrational and not acceptable to modern society. We have to use all elements of national power; not just military but political, economic and other kind of persuasion and pressures. For this, we need both hard power as well as soft power: hard power to deal with armed terrorists, and soft power to deal humanely with societies, their culture, traditions and ethos. The intellectual and psychological dimensions of the threat are as important as its physical dimension. Youth organizations, educational networks, women \'s empowerment and local development initiatives should all play a role, with government as a supportive partner.  Page 4 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India  Some important elements of that collective strategy and action plan would have to be: · Establishment of a Regional Counter Terrorism Centre with experts from different countries would work under a common umbrella to provide professional guidance and secretarial support to the SAARC political leadership, and to monitor implementation of their Resolutions in letter and spirit. · Capacity building in combating terrorism by intelligence, police, paramilitary and military in each other \'s schools of instructions and thus learning from varied experience. · Greater liaison, coordination and inter operability for counter terrorism operations. This would require certain amount of inter operability. The backbone of such interoperability is sets of common inter operable communication system and operating procedures. · A common data-base at the regional level, a multilateral/bilateral intelligence sharing, and a mechanism for joint interrogation of terrorist leaders and important suspects. · Trust and transparency of action against sanctuaries in foreign territory and against States sponsoring terrorism. · Effective action against terrorist-funding, gun running and narcotics production and smuggling. · Legal assistance to each other in matters relating to investigation and prosecution.  OUR EXPERIENCE IN INDIA  India has a population of over 1 billion spread over 3.1 billion sq kilometers. We have people speaking 16 major languages and 200 dialects. There are a dozen ethnic groups, seven major religious communities with several sects and sub sects, and 68 socio-cultural sub regions: all part of a developing, semi-literate society. There are rapidly rising social, political and economic aspirations of groups in our multi ethnic, lingual, cultural and communal social structure. The ancient, multi ethnic and multi cultural diversity has its plus and negative points. But that makes our national security quite complex.  Page 5 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India India has been one of the longest victims of terrorism but we have also handled terrorism successfully in Punjab and several other parts of our country. More importantly, we have not allowed terrorism to politically or economically destabilize our nation. India adopts a comprehensive approach to counter terrorism. We believe that counterterrorism can be effective only if there is a multi-pronged approach based on a national consensus. Our counter-terrorism approach treats terrorism as a phenomenon with political, economic, social, perceptual, psychological, operational and diplomatic aspects, all of which need equal and simultaneous attention. It seeks a holistic approach to all these dimensions. Therefore, we have the system of unified command in terrorist affected areas under a Governor or the Chief Minister, with committees made up of all the earlier mentioned functionaries. We also believe in a healthy, well-functioning democracy, good governance, and a secular and liberal mind-set, which makes no distinction between the majority and the minority, and treats everyone equal in the eyes of the law. Firmness and determination in action, tampered by a civilized, democratic and patient behavior by the State, have been the hallmark of India \'s counter-terrorism policy. The aim of the security operations is only to isolate and arrest or eliminate the hardcore secessionist elements and to deter their supporters. The security forces use a stick and carrot approach and employ the principle of `use of minimum force \' during such operations­not the overkill required in a war. The security forces not only fight militants and anti-social elements, but also reassure innocent people feeling insecure or neglected due to inadequate civil administration. Tough measures lead to increasing alienation. Conversely, attempts to appeasement carry the risk of being read as a sign of weakening resolve. You have to find the right balance. With experience, we have realized that we need specially organized, equipped and trained, areas-oriented security forces to deal with insurgencies and terrorism. Special Forces, Rashtriya Rifles, Assam Rifles, and Rapid Reaction Force: these are some examples. These forces, and those who work alongside, need training for local terrain, people, their language, customs, and traditions. Special training schools have to be established for this purpose. The Army insists that every soldier, deployed for such operations, carries a Do \'s and Don \'ts card on his person. During sustained operations, the security forces involve senior and respected citizens, and professionals, as a link between them and the locals. They also form citizens \' committees to learn about their difficulties, and hold meetings with them as frequently as possible. Along with sustained operations, small and large-scale civic action programs are undertaken. In some areas, the Indian Army formed the Army Development Group and launched Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) for this purpose. The over all aim is to win the hearts and minds of the populace. It is counter productive to alienate hundreds and thousands in order to kill a suspect.  Page 6 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Regional Response to Terrorism  General V P Malik, Former Chief of the Army Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India At no stage can any nation afford to give a full license to the security forces to operate freely. There is a requirement to define their responsibility, authority, legality, and accountability clearly.  CONCLUSION  There are no quick-solutions to counter terrorism. It is always a long process. Also, there is no military solution to a terrorist or insurgency or secessionist problem. The military can only create conditions wherein the adversary is inclined to or feel it necessary to come to the negotiating table. Ultimately, the solution lies in the political domain; within existing national constitutions, and sometimes with slightly modified constitutions. Counter terrorism in South Asia needs a comprehensive strategy that encompasses political, economic, social, perceptual, psychological, operational and diplomatic issues, at regional and national levels. The operations have to be primarily regional, or country specific with local players. The key success factor, however, is the commitments by South Asian nations to work with each other. It is essential for the governments of the region to cooperate, build trusted networks, seek active informed support from their people, provide responsive, effective, and legitimate governance, and engage closely with international community, to be able to eliminate terrorism, prevent instability and avoid conflict in the region.  Page 7 of 7 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",39);arrFiles[93]=new Array(94,"pdf/Shanaka_Jayasekara.pdf","15 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Shanaka Jayasekara.doc","","","Shanaka Jayasekara is a Terrorism Researcher at the Center for Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (PICT) at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. He holds a M. Litt in International Security Studies from the University of St Andrews in Scotland, and a B.Com from Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia. He received the British Chevening Scholarship awarded by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in 2004-05. He served as Director (Policy) at the Secretariat for Co-ordination the Peace Process (SCOPP) and attended seven rounds of peace talks (2002-2006) as an Advisor to the Sri Lanka Delegation. Shanaka has done extensive research on the international network of the LTTE and has a good understanding of LTTE international operations. Shanaka completed a Postgraduate Internship with the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV) at St Andrews. He has contributed to the research activities of the Council for Asian Terrorism Research (CATR).    ",49);arrFiles[94]=new Array(95,"pdf/Speech_of_Russian_MFA_delegate.pdf","26 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Speech of Russian MFA delegate.doc","","","Speech of Mr. Vladimir Titorenko, Deputy Director, Department of Counter Terrorism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russia  Dear colleagues, distinguished participants of the conference, I am grateful to the authorities of Sri Lanka for the opportunity to speak at the International Conference on Countering Terrorism, organized by the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Studies together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka. Whether we like it or not , but today terrorism remains one of the most serious threats to the international peace and security, as well as it poses danger to stability in many regions, as well as deteriorates situation in different countries, despite intensive joint efforts of the international community to eliminate terrorism and eradicate its roots. In present conditions, w hen terrorist activities through all over the world are increasing, all the countries of the world should unify their actions and collect all their resources in the spirit of genuine partnership and without the use of double standards to withstand this evil. It is necessary to demonstrate to all peoples, that terrorism has no chance to become means of resolving problems. Visa versa , it can only worsen existing problems in different regions and countries as w ell as on the global level. We are sure in Russia, that the only one way out the conflicts and crisis situations lies in dialogue, including dialogue between different civilizations, and cooperation through joints efforts in order to resolve existing contradictions and conflicts. It is also clear, that an adequate response of the international community to the challenges and threats of terrorism can be provided on the basis of principles of international law, and it can be achieved first of all through the implementation of all UN Security Council Resolutions on countering terrorism and all 13 antiterrorist conventions, adopted within the framework of the United Nations Organizations. We are sure, the UNO should continue to play central and coordinating role in the process of promotion of joint fight against terrorism. Another level of vital importance, that facilitates anti-terrorist cooperation among nations, can be reached through cooperation in different regional structures and organizations that have their own special mechanisms in this field. Russia attaches special importance to strengthening such a coordination within CIS, Collective Security Treaty Organization and  International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Shanghai organization of cooperation. Antiterrorist center of CIS, created in June 2002, is working successfully, helping to realize the Programme of fighting terrorism and other violent acts of extremism for 2005-2007. Another effective instrument to counter terrorism by cutting sources of it financing is Eurasian group similar to Fatf, which is fulfilling its mission through creating high standards of fight against illegal money laundering, through which terrorist activities are often financed. Russia considers Shanghai organization of cooperation as a new geopolitical reality in countering terrorism, including its Regional antiterrorist structure which is becoming an effective instrument for analyses and coordination for competent services of its member-states. We are glad to see, t hat India, Iran and Pakistan received the status of observer in this organization in 2005 and will make their contribution to its anti terrorist policy. One of our priorities is also continuation of joint efforts within  G-8 , in particular through RLG and the Group of counter-terrorist actions which, together with Counter-terrorist Committee of UNO, is helping interested countries in strengthening their potential to withstand terrorist activities. We hope, that coming session of RLG in the beginning of November in Berlin, the last one under the German chairmanship in  G-8 , will work out new ideas and proposals in this field. Other institutes of regional antiterrorist cooperation are also important for Russia, including European Union, council of Europe and NATO. We also attach great importance to bilateral format of counterterrorist partnership. In many cases this mechanism is the most productive from the point of view of achieving practical results. This type of coordination gives us opportunity to exchange views and information on terrorist activities, to discuss concrete forms of cooperation, including those with direct participation of competent special services. It can also stimulate impetus to bring new joint initiatives and common approaches in multilateral frameworks . Here I can mention joint Russian-American group, created in 2000, the similar group with France, Spain, India, Algeria, etc. We can add to this regular form of bilateral coordination consultations with many countries from different regions.  International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Dear colleagues, Terrorists of every stripe and type use poverty, ethnic and religious problems, general discontent of population with their ruling elites in order to justify illegal and criminal activities and to recruit new members, especially, among youth, to join the ranks of terrorist and extremist organizations. They use other factors, including foreign occupation of some countries, territories and nations, as well as policy of some states to impose alien values on traditional society, etc, in order to exploit the situation ,where there is lack of control of local governments, security forces and police, for further escalation of terrorist threats. As an example I can bring Iraq, which in fact has turned into training camp for  Al-Qaeda  and other terrorist groups, where neither governmental armed forces, nor American troops can cope with the terrorist organizations and their bases, situated within 50 miles from Baghdad or even inside the Iraqi capital. Terrorist and extremist groups are also increasing their presence and strengthening their positions in Afghanistan where Taliban is already considered by some members of coalition as potential partner for negociations, in North Africa, where ex-salafiste group  Al-Qaeda of islamic Maghred  is becoming a real threat to local officials, policemen and foreign citizens, as well as in Central, South-East Asia and in the Middle East. As one of the countries, targeted by international terrorism, Russia is taking all necessary steps to secure itself from new terrorist attacks both on practical and legal basis. The presidential decree No. 116, adopted on l5 February, 2006,  On the measures to counter terrorism  establishes radically new system of coordination on all levels between different Russian agencies, responsible for counter-terrorism. According to the decree, National Antiterrorist Committee has been established. Russia has signed and ratified all l3 universal counter-terrorism instruments., including, inter alia, the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, adopted several laws and amendments to laws pertaining to the fight against terrorism, amended and made additions to many Federal Acts, including the  Act on the Federal Security Service . Russian-Kyrgyz, Russian-Uzbek and Russian-Chinese counterterrorism exercises have been conducted, as well as the Black See fleet of Russian Federation and the naval forces of the Black Sea Stated conducted the  Blackseafor  joint counter-terrorist exercise.  International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    In order to strengthen legal basis for eradication of international terrorism The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has outlawed and prohibited 15 different international terrorist groups by its decision in 2003. 3 years Later 2 more groups has been added to this list. Regrettably, some terrorist organizations are treated in certain states with Unexplained degree of tolerance. Their representatives even receive asylum and are provided by local mass media with possibility to make propaganda of their criminal ideas. Sometimes terrorists with blood on their hands are viewed in such countries as rebels or freedoms fighters which only proves the double standards approaches of certain states towards international terrorism issues. There should be clear international criteria for definition of terrorist. Person , who is attacking foreign soldiers , occupying his country or collaborators, helping foreign occupation , cannot be qualified as terrorist , because he represents resistance in order to free his country from foreign invaders. While person , who is killing innocent people ,exploding schools and hospitals , attacking vessels airplanes civilian installations churches mosques or Buddhist temples certainly is a terrorist despite any arguments to justify his crimes. This criteria should be applied also to militants of separatist movements, although they are considered by some states as freedom fighters , despite the fact , that they use terrorism and other criminal methods to gain their rights of national or religious minority instead of conducting dialogue with central government. In the end I would like to stress that Russia is ready to cooperate with all countries against he comprehensive evil of terrorism and to is ready give its hand of help to those, who need our support.  International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",20);arrFiles[95]=new Array(96,"pdf/Terrorist Fund Raising_Shanaka Jayasekara.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Shanaka.doc","","","Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  INTRODUCTION  This study will examine the multiple methods of fund generation by terrorist groups and the modalities used by such groups to transfer funds for weapons procurement and logistic support. The operations of the international network of the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) will be used as a case study in relation to the topic on terrorist financing. The study will have two main focus areas namely, methods used by groups such as the LTTE for resource mobilization and the processes by which such funds are moved for procurement activity. The study recognizes that the LTTE has an active domestic fundraising operation, however the focus of this study will be limited to operations of the international network of the LTTE. Within the scope of the first focus area, the study will identify methods of fundraising and assess the progression of such methods in terms of institutionalization and sophistication. The study will expand on this by developing a four-tiered progression typology which reflects the growth and expansion of fundraising methods. The second part of the study will examine the illusive network of financial nodes and controllers that transfer funds for procurement purposes. The study will also identify the processes of fund transfer used by the LTTE for weapons procurement.  STRUCTURE OF THE LTTE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK  To examine the overseas fundraising methods of the LTTE, it is necessary to understand the structure of the international network. The LTTE is known to have a presence in over 44 countries. The LTTE has established a structured presence in 12 countries which are considered to be the top-level contributing countries (TLCs) to the LTTE. The LTTE has designated a country representative in each of the 12 countries. The leadership in each country receives instructions all aspects of overseas operations from the LTTE international co-ordination centre in Kilinochchi. In most cases the overseas leadership diseminates its dictates and authority through the Tamil Co-ordinating Committee (TCC) in the respective country. The country-level structure of the LTTE is staffed mainly by ex-combatants or siblings/relatives of key leaders from the Vanni. The country level structure in most cases tend to have similar divisions of responsibility. Taking Germany as an example, the overall responsibility of LTTE operations is with the country representative Vijeyendran. There are four units operating under the supervision of the country representative. The  Page 1 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia Political unit is headed by Sivanesan, the political unit has three regional leaders Sri Kandan, Shanmugarajah and Arulnandan. The Finance unit is headed by Koneshwaran, the Procurement unit is headed by Ahilan and the Intelligence unit is headed by Ramesh . The Political unit tends to provide the overt representation of LTTE propaganda, while at the same time setting the stage for active community mobilization to facilitate fundraising activities. The Finance unit is responsible for achieving the collection targets set by Killinochchi for each country. The dynamism of the Finance unit is relative to the sophistication, pattern of investments and the level of institutionalization of fundraising processes in that country. The Procurement unit tends to operate outside the direct supervision of the country representative, but has a parasitic relationship with the LTTE infrastructure in each host country. This study will expand on the operations of the Intelligence unit in host countries in the second part of the paper. In Switzerland, the LTTE structure mirrors that of Germany in most aspects. Overall responsibility of LTTE operations is with the country representative, Kulam. There are four units under the country representative, the Political unit is headed by Arulsothy, the political unit has three regional leaders, Anbalawannan (Bern), N Kumar (Zurich) Sivaneshan (Fribourg). The Finance unit is headed by Suda. In the last five years collections in Switzerland has topped LTTE collections worldwide. The LTTE in Switzerland also has a Procurement Unit and an Intelligence Unit . As methods of fundraising are highly diverse, responsibilities tend to transcend between the overt elements of the structure and some parts of the covert element. Furthermore, the sophistication and the level of institutionalization is dependent upon the duration of residence, experienced personnel and the legal regime in the host country. In an effort to examine and analyses the processes of terrorist fundraising, the study will categorize such fundraising methods into four stages of progression. The categorization will list all known methods of fundraising used by the LTTE. In most cases the LTTE uses a combination of methods relative to the size of the Tamil diaspora and other externalities that influence fundraising activity.  FIRST GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS COLLECTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS/BUSINESS  The first generation methods refer to fundraising approaches used by the LTTE in the formative years of the international network. These methods are closely associated with  Page 2 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia an unstructured or loosely structured community based activism. A significant component of collections within the first generation category can be identified as collections from Tamil individuals/businesses. It is not possible to establish specific details on total collections but the methods of collection range from personal compulsions, to methods of passive and aggressive coercion and extortion.  EVENT BASED FUNDRAISING  The collections from individuals/businesses are supplemented through event based fundraising. Initially, event based fundraising was ad-hoc and dependent on community motivation. However, a recent phenomenon in event based fundraising is a regimented calendar of fundraising appeals formulated after the leadership of the LTTE international co-ordinating Office was tasked to Veerakathy Manivannam (Castro) and former deputy Sivapalasuntheram Gnanaseelan (Kalaiyalagam). The international office requires the country representatives to report back regularly on action undertaken for each appeal. The calendar of LTTE events and appeals provides a mobilization and motivation factor and also reinforces the dominant role of the LTTE within Tamil diaspora affairs. It also provides a periodic surge in fundraising. The most lucrative event based fundraising is marathon radio shows with a specific appeal. Recently in Sydney, a Burwood based Tamil radio station is alleged to have collected over AUD 100,000 by conducting a marathon radio appeal for a blood bank in Kilinochchi . Other forms of event based fundraising include commemoration of combatants and military operations, cultural shows, sports events, food festivals and guest speaker events. At the time LTTE peace delegations toured Europe, guest speaker events were held in may European cities. On 26 February 2006, the LTTE in Switzerland organized a dinner for the Tamil business community to meet Tamilselvan, Nadesan and Jayem at Thamilini Restaurant in Zurich, at which donations ranging up to SFR 20,000 were demanded from each businessman . In the last 18 months, there has been a noticeable increase in the activities of the Tamil Youth Organisation (TYO), which seems to be taking the lead role in event based fundraising and mobilizing Tamil youth in keeping with the LTTE agenda. The TYO has an international presence with branches in 09 countries.  NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AND CRIMINAL ACTIVITY  Page 3 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia The use of criminal activity as a source of fundraising for the LTTE was widespread during the formative years of the international network. It could be argued that the LTTE engagement in narcotics trade and the ensuing gang violence had a lasting impact on the operational ethos of the LTTE international network. The Tamil gangs infused a culture of violence into the fabric of Tamil diaspora societies. Tamil gang violence in London escalated to alarming levels during the period 20012003. In a short period of two years 13 Tamil gang members were killed in violent and brutal attacks. The first attack took place in Roe Green Park, Kingsbury and followed by reprisal attacks in Lynton Park, Wembley . Thereafter attacks took place in Ilford, East Ham, Tooting and Harrow. As recent as 2004, the Ari Ala gang attacked Tamil youth in Wembley. A report by the Mackenzie Institute in Canada, describes the use of LTTE shipping fleet based out of Twawate island off the coast of Myanmar to ship narcotics to Tamil gangs in Toronto . After a series of gang related murders the Canadian Police arrested 40 Tamil gang members in Toronto wide raids in October 2001. The LTTE overseas leadership assumed the Godfather role to the surrogate Tamil gangs, which in turn provided the LTTE network with the necessary enforcement powers to impose its hegemonic authority over the Tamil diaspora. The LTTE infiltrated all community based organizations of the Tamil diaspora through a process of patronage in which LTTE activists took control of such organizations. The LTTE was able to direct activities of all Tamil community organizations to a single agenda dictated by the LTTE overseas leadership. The LTTE international network ensures that any dissenting opinion within the Tamil community is ostracized from community leadership positions. The LTTE international network has engaged in cross-border contract assignments in which gang members from one country are tasked assignments in another country thereby maintaining anonymity and avoid implicating local gangs. In addition to involvement in narcotics trafficking, the LTTE international network has provided sponsorship to organized criminal activity such as credit card cloning and human smuggling. Recently the Cambodian government sought the assistance of Interpol to track the head of LTTE procurement operation in Cambodia, Renni Lerin on charges of human smuggling .  SECOND GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS  Page 4 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  USE OF FRONT ORGANIZATIONS  The next stage of growth is referred to as the second generation fundraising approaches. Second generation methods are more institutionalized and tend to subvert the domestic legal regimes in the host countries. The LTTE international network established several humanitarian front organizations that successfully engaged in fundraising activities. In most cases these front organizations have a dual function, the organizations engage in humanitarian activity with much publicity and also act as a channel for LTTE fundraising. The Tamil Rehabilitation Organization (TRO) has been identified by the British Charity Commission as an organization which liaises closely with the LTTE. In a British Charity Commission investigation into the activities of TRO (UK) found that TRO liaised with the LTTE in determining where funds could be applied . The British Charity Commission delisted TRO (UK) as a charitable organization on 10 August 2005. Following the delisting in the UK two new organizations were established the, International TRO (ITRO) and Tamil Support Foundation (TSF) to continue similar operations. The private residence of TRO (US) head, Dr Nagarathnam Ranjithan, was raided by the FBI in August 2006 . In Denmark the Public Prosecutor for Serious Economic Crimes is concerned with the activities of TRO (Denmark) . The TRO is also linked by association with active members of the LTTE. The International Co-ordinator of the TRO, Dr Jay Maheswaran, represented the LTTE as a senior member of the LTTE delegation at the first round of peace talks in September 2002. The former head of the LTTE international secretariat Lawrence Thilagar functions as the Programme Officer for TRO in Kilinochchi .  An organization of Tamil doctors in the United States with an unsuspecting nomenclature, the International Medical Health Organisation (IMHO) which was formerly known as the Tamil Health Organisation ­ USA, provides financial and material support to a partner organization known as the Centre for Health Care (CHC) in Kilinochchi. Based on documentation provided by the Norwegian Tamil Health Organisation (NTHO), the organizational structure of the CHC supports 15 Thilleepan Medical Centres (additional 3 under construction) and 4 Mobile Thilleepan Medical Centres . The head of the LTTE Medical Unit, Arun on 3 June 2004 declared that all Thilleepan Medical Centres are part of the LTTE . This is a clear example of funds channeled from overseas front organizations providing direct support to specific units of the LTTE. This capacity building of LTTE infrastructure was in fact commended by Sea  Page 5 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia Tiger Leader Soosai on 26 September 2007, when he said that LTTE medical units are now capable of treating serious medical injuries . It was reported in November 2005, that an examination of the 2003 financial statement provided by the Tamil Co-ordinating Committee (TCC) in Melbourne to the Victorian Consumer Affairs Department indicated a substantial part of the income was transferred to a front organization in Malaysia for suspected weapons procurement.  DISTRIBUTION OF TAMIL DVDS  The LTTE international network is closely associated with the global distribution of Tamil DVDs (Tamil movies) in Europe and Canada. In a statement issued by Eelam Revolutionary Organization (EROS), the main Tamil DVD distribution company Aynagaran International, owned by K. Karunamoorthy formerly of Inuvil in Jaffna is alleged to have close links with the LTTE . Tamil DVDs are distributed through Tamil grocery shops throughout Europe and Canada. The LTTE provides tacit protection against piracy of movies released by selected distributors which is a mutually beneficial business arrangement for both the distributor and the LTTE.  RETURN ON INVESTMENTS - BUSINESS VENTURES  The LTTE is known to own and operate business enterprises in Europe, Canada and South East Asia. In most cases the Finance units in host countries provide seed-capital to close associates of the leadership. The use of a third-party and engagement in legitimate business activity provides opportunities for money laundering, employment for activists and interaction with the community. In Cambodia the Raani Café employed over 8 LTTE procurement unit members. It is suspected that Thamilini Restaurant in Zurich, Makkal Kadai Supermarket in Paris , Ashley Cash & Carry in Harrow , Thamilini Cash & Carry in Southall are a few business ventures supported by LTTE assets.  MOTHER TONGUE SCHOOLS  In some of the Scandinavian countries, the LTTE has made significant investments in Mother Tongue Schools (Tamil Cholai Schools). In Denmark, the TCC operates 28 Mother Tongue Schools. In fact the head of TCC in Denmark Arul Thilainadarasa was elected to  Page 6 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia the Herning City Council which provided funding for several of these Mother Tongue Schools .  INFORMAL REMITTANCE SYSTEMS  The LTTE has developed a robust informal remittance system referred to as the  Undi  system (Hawala). The Tamil diaspora can transfer money to relatives in Sri Lanka living in areas not adequately serviced by the banking system. The Undi system is controlled by a small cartel of Tamil Jewellery shop owners (goldsmith) in Switzerland and Canada. A significant component of money transactions within the Undi system facilitates the falsely-declared import of gold jewellery into Europe from the Gold Market in Singapore for the jewellery market. The LTTE Finance unit in Switzerland has been actively facilitating the money transfer using human couriers between Switzerland and Singapore. In many of the cases jewellery shops owners in Switzerland provide a combined pool of funds to the LTTE for the purchase of gold jewellery from Singapore. The LTTE operatives will send human couriers with cash, who will also carry LTTE money intended for LTTE holding accounts in South East Asia. The couriers will return to Switzerland with receipts that have significantly overvalued the gold jewerelly purchased in Singapore, in some cases craftsmanship value-addition has been five times the value of the gold component. In February 2007, several LTTE human couriers encountered difficulties in Singapore. An active member of the LTTE Finance unit in Bern, Ratnavel Sashidaran rushed to Singapore and was arrested by Singapore Police on 22 February 2007. The Singapore authorities decided to deport Sashidaran back to Switzerland without charge. In September 2007, Sashidaran sent two close relatives to Singapore as human couriers facilitating urgent money transfers for the LTTE. It is suspected that Sashidaran was under pressure to reactivate the Singapore money route as the LTTE urgently required funds in south-east Asia for weapons purchases. It is believed the Singapore authorities have arrested one of Sashidaran \'s relatives, but details on this arrest are limited.  THIRD GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS  Page 7 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  PRE-PAID PHONE CARDS  The third generation approaches of fundraising is estimated to generate the largest component of funds for the LTTE at present. The third generation approaches tend to have a legitimate commercial persona focusing on services required by the Tamil diaspora. The retailing of international call-time using phone cards is one of the most profitable business ventures associated with LTTE fundraising. The LTTE provided seed capital to set up several front companies registered as telecom retailers in Europe. The telecom retailers purchase bulk call-time to Asian destinations from gateway operators in Europe and retail the call-time using phone cards under multiple brand names. The Tamil spice shops and grocery shops are flooded with these phone cards eliminating all other competitive cards. It was suspected by Sri Lankan authorities in February 2000, that Gnanam Phone cards in France was linked to LTTE fundraising . The phone card business in Paris was developed by V Manoharan, the former head of the LTTE international centre when based in Paris with several Tamil business partners. After Manoharan was recalled to Kilinochchi, and the LTTE murdered Nathan, the head of LTTE Finance Unit in France for misappropriation of funds, the business partners involved in the phone card business relocated from Paris to London. The LTTE continues to generate substantial volumes of funds from retailing phone cards to the Tamil diaspora.  MANAGEMENT OF HINDU TEMPLES  The LTTE has tactically adopted strategic business management skills by investing in the management of Hindu temples. Hindu temples are owned and managed by private entrepreneurs. The temple management contracts persons of appropriate caste and learning as clergy to conduct religious ceremonies. The offerings received from the congregation support the upkeep of the temple, the clergy and is considered return on investment for the owners of the temple. The LTTE has found the business of temple management to be lucrative, also having benefits of charitable status and funds with minimum paper trail. There are several cases recorded in the UK, Canada and Australia in which strong-arm tactics were used to gain control of temple management. The case of Rajasingham Jayadevan and Arumugam Kandiah Vivekananthan held captive by the LTTE in Kilinochchi and forced to handover control of Eelapatheeswaran Aalayam Temple in London. The temple owners were released by the LTTE after the intervention of the UK government.  Page 8 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia The Human Right Watch report on LTTE fundraising in March 2006, extensively describes the role of the LTTE in the management of Hindu temples. The report refers to cases in Canada and Australia (Perth) in which the LTTE used violent methods to intimidate temple owners The Trustee of the Amman Hindu temple in Paris Vinyagamoorthy was arrested in October 2006 at the French-Swiss border attempting to courier Euros 18 million in currency allegedly for the LTTE . In April 2007, the Trustee was arrested by French authorities for active involvement with the LTTE.  SUBSCRIPTION SATELLITE TELEVISION  The LTTE is known to have an active media strategy which include the aggressive use of the internet, community based Tamil radio stations and subscription satellite TV. The use of satellite TV provides the LTTE with a single most effective medium to inform the large diaspora. The Tamil Television Network (TTN) a subscription satellite TV provided Tamil entertainment to the diaspora infused with LTTE undertones. It is estimated that TTN had 22,000 subscribers in Europe . It also provided news from Kilinochchi with re-broadcast of NTT (National Television of Tamil Eelam) news segments. TTN operations in Paris were suspended by the French broadcasting authority CSA in February 2007. It is suspected that a new satellite TV which commenced operations in January 2007 from Australia plans to replace the lucrative TTN operation.  Subscription satellite TV not only provides a valuable medium for propaganda, it also generates substantial income in terms of subscription and advertising. In Europe, Tamil businessmen are required to maintain a specified advertising commitment with such satellite TV channels. The TV channels send out monthly statements indicating the specified advertising commitment. The TV channels charged excessive premiums for such advertisements.  FOURTH GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS FIXED INCOME GENERATION METHODS ­ REGISTRATION OF THE TAMIL DIASPORA  The fourth generational approach used by the LTTE is a shift from the fluctuating nature of fund generation to a more predictable stable income format. There is also a distinct  Page 9 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia shift in terms of not using front organizations or third-party, the LTTE is directly involved in the rollout this initiative. All Tamil families in Europe are being systematically registered and assigned a Unique PIN number. Phase one of the European initiative commenced in Switzerland in early 2006, each Tamil family has been issued with a three-page with the banner heading LTTE in Switzerland. The form has 30 questions relating to personal information including details of blood-relatives in Sri Lanka, income status, subscription to LTTE satellite television and contribution to homeland funds . The LTTE intends to issue each Tamil family in Europe with a unique PIN number referred to as the Tamil Eelam identity number. It is suspect that the main database for this project is located in a Scandinavian country with a capability to transfer data to Kilinochchi. It is believed the LTTE intends to use this information to make assessments on contributions levels based income and lifestyle factors. The base rate under this system seems to be one unit of currency (one Euro in Europe) per person for each day out of Sri Lanka. Additional surcharge is applied depending on income levels, size of family and contributions towards periodic appeals. In an article published in the French newspaper LeFigaro, on 2 December 2005, a French citizen of Tamil origin describes how the LTTE accessed all his personal details at the LTTE check point in Sri Lanka with his PIN number and confiscated his French passport until his family agreed to pay the outstanding contributions owed in France.  FINANCE NETWORK OF THE LTTE MODALITIES TO RELOCATE, HOLD AND TRANSFER FUNDS  The second area of focus relates to the modalities used by the LTTE to relocate, hold and transfer funds for the purpose of weapons procurement and other logistics support. There has been research published recently on the financial network of the LTTE international operations. This research has identified the financial network as the Aiyanna Group. It is the view of this study that there is insufficient data about operations of the Aiyanna Group to designate such as the financial network of the LTTE international operations. The Aiyanna Group is involved in intelligence work, and it is the view of this study that the Aiyanna Group is seeking a greater role in international procurement operations in what was earlier a more closed-group. In the post 2002 environment with the relaxation in travel restrictions to Kilinochchi, multiple channels of overseas linkages developed within the LTTE including the strengthening of external intelligence capabilities. While Aiyanna Group is believed to have close links with the  Page 10 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia intelligence units of the LTTE, the level of involvement in the financial transfer processes is unclear at this stage.  THE SANA GROUP  The LTTE operates a hub and spokes network for money transfer modalities. This study has identified one financial network known as the Sana Group. It is possible that there are parallel groups operating independently of each other, but this study has not found evidence on any other finance network of the LTTE. The group identified by this study has one Principal Controller and 08 trust-managers located in Europe, North America and South East Asia .  The leadership in Kilinochchi stipulates financial targets that each country representative and the finance unit need to achieve. The funds apportioned for procurement purposes are relocated to designated trust-managers and held in safe locations. These transfer take place using several mediums such as, bank transfers, human cash couriers and over invoicing import-export transactions. The trust-managers place the funds in multiple forms of investment to avoid detection by regulatory authorities. These managers regularly update the Principal Controller of the financial status and liquidity of assets. It is believed that the trust- managers do not have contact with each other, and it is the view of this study that the trust-managers are possibly unaware of the identity of the other managers. The most important role of the Sana Group is the Principal Controller. The Controller is the hub of the network and maintains an inconspicuous profile. In fact all research on the modus operandi of the Controller indicates that no funds are held by the Controller. He merely maintains is a multiplicity of records (financial portfolios) received from each trust-manager on the current availability of financial resources and the level of liquidity of assets. It is suspected that the Controller of the Sana Group is based in a European country. When the LTTE procurement teams have to meet financial commitments, the Controller is informed by Kilinochchi to make available sufficient appropriations. The Controller depending on asset distribution and liquidity will inform one or more trust-managers to transfer funds. The funds will be transferred to multiple locations in non-detectable blocks. At this point members of the procurement team would consolidate the multiple receipts, most often in a south east Asian country. The best example of this process is  Page 11 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia the evidence emerging out of the FBI sting operation in Guam. The LTTE sent a threeman team headed by Varatharasa to Guam Island on 26 September 2006. After inspecting a consignment of weapons presented by undercover FBI agents, the team consolidated the advance payment in Malaysia and transferred US   452,000 to a Baltimore bank account .  CONCLUSION  The LTTE has developed the most sophisticated infrastructure for fundraising and money transfer operations in comparison to any other terrorist group. The intent of the LTTE is to progress towards systems that have a stable income generation capability, giving the LTTE the advantage of stability in projected incomes and procurement planning. The ability of the LTTE international network to evade detection and maintain flow of funds reflects the sophistication and robust nature of the operation. Resource generation (fundraising) and financial management is a core component that determines the strengths and capabilities of a terrorist group. The competencies acquired by the LTTE in fundraising activity will definitely be replicated by other terrorist and criminal groups  Page 12 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",61);arrFiles[96]=new Array(97,"pdf/Terrorist Funding and Money Transfer_Shanaka.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Shanaka.doc","","","Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  INTRODUCTION  This study will examine the multiple methods of fund generation by terrorist groups and the modalities used by such groups to transfer funds for weapons procurement and logistic support. The operations of the international network of the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) will be used as a case study in relation to the topic on terrorist financing. The study will have two main focus areas namely, methods used by groups such as the LTTE for resource mobilization and the processes by which such funds are moved for procurement activity. The study recognizes that the LTTE has an active domestic fundraising operation, however the focus of this study will be limited to operations of the international network of the LTTE. Within the scope of the first focus area, the study will identify methods of fundraising and assess the progression of such methods in terms of institutionalization and sophistication. The study will expand on this by developing a four-tiered progression typology which reflects the growth and expansion of fundraising methods. The second part of the study will examine the illusive network of financial nodes and controllers that transfer funds for procurement purposes. The study will also identify the processes of fund transfer used by the LTTE for weapons procurement.  STRUCTURE OF THE LTTE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK  To examine the overseas fundraising methods of the LTTE, it is necessary to understand the structure of the international network. The LTTE is known to have a presence in over 44 countries. The LTTE has established a structured presence in 12 countries which are considered to be the top-level contributing countries (TLCs) to the LTTE. The LTTE has designated a country representative in each of the 12 countries. The leadership in each country receives instructions all aspects of overseas operations from the LTTE international co-ordination centre in Kilinochchi. In most cases the overseas leadership diseminates its dictates and authority through the Tamil Co-ordinating Committee (TCC) in the respective country. The country-level structure of the LTTE is staffed mainly by ex-combatants or siblings/relatives of key leaders from the Vanni. The country level structure in most cases tend to have similar divisions of responsibility. Taking Germany as an example, the overall responsibility of LTTE operations is with the country representative Vijeyendran. There are four units operating under the supervision of the country representative. The  Page 1 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia Political unit is headed by Sivanesan, the political unit has three regional leaders Sri Kandan, Shanmugarajah and Arulnandan. The Finance unit is headed by Koneshwaran, the Procurement unit is headed by Ahilan and the Intelligence unit is headed by Ramesh . The Political unit tends to provide the overt representation of LTTE propaganda, while at the same time setting the stage for active community mobilization to facilitate fundraising activities. The Finance unit is responsible for achieving the collection targets set by Killinochchi for each country. The dynamism of the Finance unit is relative to the sophistication, pattern of investments and the level of institutionalization of fundraising processes in that country. The Procurement unit tends to operate outside the direct supervision of the country representative, but has a parasitic relationship with the LTTE infrastructure in each host country. This study will expand on the operations of the Intelligence unit in host countries in the second part of the paper. In Switzerland, the LTTE structure mirrors that of Germany in most aspects. Overall responsibility of LTTE operations is with the country representative, Kulam. There are four units under the country representative, the Political unit is headed by Arulsothy, the political unit has three regional leaders, Anbalawannan (Bern), N Kumar (Zurich) Sivaneshan (Fribourg). The Finance unit is headed by Suda. In the last five years collections in Switzerland has topped LTTE collections worldwide. The LTTE in Switzerland also has a Procurement Unit and an Intelligence Unit . As methods of fundraising are highly diverse, responsibilities tend to transcend between the overt elements of the structure and some parts of the covert element. Furthermore, the sophistication and the level of institutionalization is dependent upon the duration of residence, experienced personnel and the legal regime in the host country. In an effort to examine and analyses the processes of terrorist fundraising, the study will categorize such fundraising methods into four stages of progression. The categorization will list all known methods of fundraising used by the LTTE. In most cases the LTTE uses a combination of methods relative to the size of the Tamil diaspora and other externalities that influence fundraising activity.  FIRST GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS COLLECTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS/BUSINESS  The first generation methods refer to fundraising approaches used by the LTTE in the formative years of the international network. These methods are closely associated with  Page 2 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia an unstructured or loosely structured community based activism. A significant component of collections within the first generation category can be identified as collections from Tamil individuals/businesses. It is not possible to establish specific details on total collections but the methods of collection range from personal compulsions, to methods of passive and aggressive coercion and extortion.  EVENT BASED FUNDRAISING  The collections from individuals/businesses are supplemented through event based fundraising. Initially, event based fundraising was ad-hoc and dependent on community motivation. However, a recent phenomenon in event based fundraising is a regimented calendar of fundraising appeals formulated after the leadership of the LTTE international co-ordinating Office was tasked to Veerakathy Manivannam (Castro) and former deputy Sivapalasuntheram Gnanaseelan (Kalaiyalagam). The international office requires the country representatives to report back regularly on action undertaken for each appeal. The calendar of LTTE events and appeals provides a mobilization and motivation factor and also reinforces the dominant role of the LTTE within Tamil diaspora affairs. It also provides a periodic surge in fundraising. The most lucrative event based fundraising is marathon radio shows with a specific appeal. Recently in Sydney, a Burwood based Tamil radio station is alleged to have collected over AUD 100,000 by conducting a marathon radio appeal for a blood bank in Kilinochchi . Other forms of event based fundraising include commemoration of combatants and military operations, cultural shows, sports events, food festivals and guest speaker events. At the time LTTE peace delegations toured Europe, guest speaker events were held in may European cities. On 26 February 2006, the LTTE in Switzerland organized a dinner for the Tamil business community to meet Tamilselvan, Nadesan and Jayem at Thamilini Restaurant in Zurich, at which donations ranging up to SFR 20,000 were demanded from each businessman . In the last 18 months, there has been a noticeable increase in the activities of the Tamil Youth Organisation (TYO), which seems to be taking the lead role in event based fundraising and mobilizing Tamil youth in keeping with the LTTE agenda. The TYO has an international presence with branches in 09 countries.  NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AND CRIMINAL ACTIVITY  Page 3 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia The use of criminal activity as a source of fundraising for the LTTE was widespread during the formative years of the international network. It could be argued that the LTTE engagement in narcotics trade and the ensuing gang violence had a lasting impact on the operational ethos of the LTTE international network. The Tamil gangs infused a culture of violence into the fabric of Tamil diaspora societies. Tamil gang violence in London escalated to alarming levels during the period 20012003. In a short period of two years 13 Tamil gang members were killed in violent and brutal attacks. The first attack took place in Roe Green Park, Kingsbury and followed by reprisal attacks in Lynton Park, Wembley . Thereafter attacks took place in Ilford, East Ham, Tooting and Harrow. As recent as 2004, the Ari Ala gang attacked Tamil youth in Wembley. A report by the Mackenzie Institute in Canada, describes the use of LTTE shipping fleet based out of Twawate island off the coast of Myanmar to ship narcotics to Tamil gangs in Toronto . After a series of gang related murders the Canadian Police arrested 40 Tamil gang members in Toronto wide raids in October 2001. The LTTE overseas leadership assumed the Godfather role to the surrogate Tamil gangs, which in turn provided the LTTE network with the necessary enforcement powers to impose its hegemonic authority over the Tamil diaspora. The LTTE infiltrated all community based organizations of the Tamil diaspora through a process of patronage in which LTTE activists took control of such organizations. The LTTE was able to direct activities of all Tamil community organizations to a single agenda dictated by the LTTE overseas leadership. The LTTE international network ensures that any dissenting opinion within the Tamil community is ostracized from community leadership positions. The LTTE international network has engaged in cross-border contract assignments in which gang members from one country are tasked assignments in another country thereby maintaining anonymity and avoid implicating local gangs. In addition to involvement in narcotics trafficking, the LTTE international network has provided sponsorship to organized criminal activity such as credit card cloning and human smuggling. Recently the Cambodian government sought the assistance of Interpol to track the head of LTTE procurement operation in Cambodia, Renni Lerin on charges of human smuggling .  SECOND GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS  Page 4 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  USE OF FRONT ORGANIZATIONS  The next stage of growth is referred to as the second generation fundraising approaches. Second generation methods are more institutionalized and tend to subvert the domestic legal regimes in the host countries. The LTTE international network established several humanitarian front organizations that successfully engaged in fundraising activities. In most cases these front organizations have a dual function, the organizations engage in humanitarian activity with much publicity and also act as a channel for LTTE fundraising. The Tamil Rehabilitation Organization (TRO) has been identified by the British Charity Commission as an organization which liaises closely with the LTTE. In a British Charity Commission investigation into the activities of TRO (UK) found that TRO liaised with the LTTE in determining where funds could be applied . The British Charity Commission delisted TRO (UK) as a charitable organization on 10 August 2005. Following the delisting in the UK two new organizations were established the, International TRO (ITRO) and Tamil Support Foundation (TSF) to continue similar operations. The private residence of TRO (US) head, Dr Nagarathnam Ranjithan, was raided by the FBI in August 2006 . In Denmark the Public Prosecutor for Serious Economic Crimes is concerned with the activities of TRO (Denmark) . The TRO is also linked by association with active members of the LTTE. The International Co-ordinator of the TRO, Dr Jay Maheswaran, represented the LTTE as a senior member of the LTTE delegation at the first round of peace talks in September 2002. The former head of the LTTE international secretariat Lawrence Thilagar functions as the Programme Officer for TRO in Kilinochchi .  An organization of Tamil doctors in the United States with an unsuspecting nomenclature, the International Medical Health Organisation (IMHO) which was formerly known as the Tamil Health Organisation ­ USA, provides financial and material support to a partner organization known as the Centre for Health Care (CHC) in Kilinochchi. Based on documentation provided by the Norwegian Tamil Health Organisation (NTHO), the organizational structure of the CHC supports 15 Thilleepan Medical Centres (additional 3 under construction) and 4 Mobile Thilleepan Medical Centres . The head of the LTTE Medical Unit, Arun on 3 June 2004 declared that all Thilleepan Medical Centres are part of the LTTE . This is a clear example of funds channeled from overseas front organizations providing direct support to specific units of the LTTE. This capacity building of LTTE infrastructure was in fact commended by Sea  Page 5 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia Tiger Leader Soosai on 26 September 2007, when he said that LTTE medical units are now capable of treating serious medical injuries . It was reported in November 2005, that an examination of the 2003 financial statement provided by the Tamil Co-ordinating Committee (TCC) in Melbourne to the Victorian Consumer Affairs Department indicated a substantial part of the income was transferred to a front organization in Malaysia for suspected weapons procurement.  DISTRIBUTION OF TAMIL DVDS  The LTTE international network is closely associated with the global distribution of Tamil DVDs (Tamil movies) in Europe and Canada. In a statement issued by Eelam Revolutionary Organization (EROS), the main Tamil DVD distribution company Aynagaran International, owned by K. Karunamoorthy formerly of Inuvil in Jaffna is alleged to have close links with the LTTE . Tamil DVDs are distributed through Tamil grocery shops throughout Europe and Canada. The LTTE provides tacit protection against piracy of movies released by selected distributors which is a mutually beneficial business arrangement for both the distributor and the LTTE.  RETURN ON INVESTMENTS - BUSINESS VENTURES  The LTTE is known to own and operate business enterprises in Europe, Canada and South East Asia. In most cases the Finance units in host countries provide seed-capital to close associates of the leadership. The use of a third-party and engagement in legitimate business activity provides opportunities for money laundering, employment for activists and interaction with the community. In Cambodia the Raani Café employed over 8 LTTE procurement unit members. It is suspected that Thamilini Restaurant in Zurich, Makkal Kadai Supermarket in Paris , Ashley Cash & Carry in Harrow , Thamilini Cash & Carry in Southall are a few business ventures supported by LTTE assets.  MOTHER TONGUE SCHOOLS  In some of the Scandinavian countries, the LTTE has made significant investments in Mother Tongue Schools (Tamil Cholai Schools). In Denmark, the TCC operates 28 Mother Tongue Schools. In fact the head of TCC in Denmark Arul Thilainadarasa was elected to  Page 6 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia the Herning City Council which provided funding for several of these Mother Tongue Schools .  INFORMAL REMITTANCE SYSTEMS  The LTTE has developed a robust informal remittance system referred to as the  Undi  system (Hawala). The Tamil diaspora can transfer money to relatives in Sri Lanka living in areas not adequately serviced by the banking system. The Undi system is controlled by a small cartel of Tamil Jewellery shop owners (goldsmith) in Switzerland and Canada. A significant component of money transactions within the Undi system facilitates the falsely-declared import of gold jewellery into Europe from the Gold Market in Singapore for the jewellery market. The LTTE Finance unit in Switzerland has been actively facilitating the money transfer using human couriers between Switzerland and Singapore. In many of the cases jewellery shops owners in Switzerland provide a combined pool of funds to the LTTE for the purchase of gold jewellery from Singapore. The LTTE operatives will send human couriers with cash, who will also carry LTTE money intended for LTTE holding accounts in South East Asia. The couriers will return to Switzerland with receipts that have significantly overvalued the gold jewerelly purchased in Singapore, in some cases craftsmanship value-addition has been five times the value of the gold component. In February 2007, several LTTE human couriers encountered difficulties in Singapore. An active member of the LTTE Finance unit in Bern, Ratnavel Sashidaran rushed to Singapore and was arrested by Singapore Police on 22 February 2007. The Singapore authorities decided to deport Sashidaran back to Switzerland without charge. In September 2007, Sashidaran sent two close relatives to Singapore as human couriers facilitating urgent money transfers for the LTTE. It is suspected that Sashidaran was under pressure to reactivate the Singapore money route as the LTTE urgently required funds in south-east Asia for weapons purchases. It is believed the Singapore authorities have arrested one of Sashidaran \'s relatives, but details on this arrest are limited.  THIRD GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS  Page 7 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia  PRE-PAID PHONE CARDS  The third generation approaches of fundraising is estimated to generate the largest component of funds for the LTTE at present. The third generation approaches tend to have a legitimate commercial persona focusing on services required by the Tamil diaspora. The retailing of international call-time using phone cards is one of the most profitable business ventures associated with LTTE fundraising. The LTTE provided seed capital to set up several front companies registered as telecom retailers in Europe. The telecom retailers purchase bulk call-time to Asian destinations from gateway operators in Europe and retail the call-time using phone cards under multiple brand names. The Tamil spice shops and grocery shops are flooded with these phone cards eliminating all other competitive cards. It was suspected by Sri Lankan authorities in February 2000, that Gnanam Phone cards in France was linked to LTTE fundraising . The phone card business in Paris was developed by V Manoharan, the former head of the LTTE international centre when based in Paris with several Tamil business partners. After Manoharan was recalled to Kilinochchi, and the LTTE murdered Nathan, the head of LTTE Finance Unit in France for misappropriation of funds, the business partners involved in the phone card business relocated from Paris to London. The LTTE continues to generate substantial volumes of funds from retailing phone cards to the Tamil diaspora.  MANAGEMENT OF HINDU TEMPLES  The LTTE has tactically adopted strategic business management skills by investing in the management of Hindu temples. Hindu temples are owned and managed by private entrepreneurs. The temple management contracts persons of appropriate caste and learning as clergy to conduct religious ceremonies. The offerings received from the congregation support the upkeep of the temple, the clergy and is considered return on investment for the owners of the temple. The LTTE has found the business of temple management to be lucrative, also having benefits of charitable status and funds with minimum paper trail. There are several cases recorded in the UK, Canada and Australia in which strong-arm tactics were used to gain control of temple management. The case of Rajasingham Jayadevan and Arumugam Kandiah Vivekananthan held captive by the LTTE in Kilinochchi and forced to handover control of Eelapatheeswaran Aalayam Temple in London. The temple owners were released by the LTTE after the intervention of the UK government.  Page 8 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia The Human Right Watch report on LTTE fundraising in March 2006, extensively describes the role of the LTTE in the management of Hindu temples. The report refers to cases in Canada and Australia (Perth) in which the LTTE used violent methods to intimidate temple owners The Trustee of the Amman Hindu temple in Paris Vinyagamoorthy was arrested in October 2006 at the French-Swiss border attempting to courier Euros 18 million in currency allegedly for the LTTE . In April 2007, the Trustee was arrested by French authorities for active involvement with the LTTE.  SUBSCRIPTION SATELLITE TELEVISION  The LTTE is known to have an active media strategy which include the aggressive use of the internet, community based Tamil radio stations and subscription satellite TV. The use of satellite TV provides the LTTE with a single most effective medium to inform the large diaspora. The Tamil Television Network (TTN) a subscription satellite TV provided Tamil entertainment to the diaspora infused with LTTE undertones. It is estimated that TTN had 22,000 subscribers in Europe . It also provided news from Kilinochchi with re-broadcast of NTT (National Television of Tamil Eelam) news segments. TTN operations in Paris were suspended by the French broadcasting authority CSA in February 2007. It is suspected that a new satellite TV which commenced operations in January 2007 from Australia plans to replace the lucrative TTN operation.  Subscription satellite TV not only provides a valuable medium for propaganda, it also generates substantial income in terms of subscription and advertising. In Europe, Tamil businessmen are required to maintain a specified advertising commitment with such satellite TV channels. The TV channels send out monthly statements indicating the specified advertising commitment. The TV channels charged excessive premiums for such advertisements.  FOURTH GENERATION FUNDRAISING METHODS FIXED INCOME GENERATION METHODS ­ REGISTRATION OF THE TAMIL DIASPORA  The fourth generational approach used by the LTTE is a shift from the fluctuating nature of fund generation to a more predictable stable income format. There is also a distinct  Page 9 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia shift in terms of not using front organizations or third-party, the LTTE is directly involved in the rollout this initiative. All Tamil families in Europe are being systematically registered and assigned a Unique PIN number. Phase one of the European initiative commenced in Switzerland in early 2006, each Tamil family has been issued with a three-page with the banner heading LTTE in Switzerland. The form has 30 questions relating to personal information including details of blood-relatives in Sri Lanka, income status, subscription to LTTE satellite television and contribution to homeland funds . The LTTE intends to issue each Tamil family in Europe with a unique PIN number referred to as the Tamil Eelam identity number. It is suspect that the main database for this project is located in a Scandinavian country with a capability to transfer data to Kilinochchi. It is believed the LTTE intends to use this information to make assessments on contributions levels based income and lifestyle factors. The base rate under this system seems to be one unit of currency (one Euro in Europe) per person for each day out of Sri Lanka. Additional surcharge is applied depending on income levels, size of family and contributions towards periodic appeals. In an article published in the French newspaper LeFigaro, on 2 December 2005, a French citizen of Tamil origin describes how the LTTE accessed all his personal details at the LTTE check point in Sri Lanka with his PIN number and confiscated his French passport until his family agreed to pay the outstanding contributions owed in France.  FINANCE NETWORK OF THE LTTE MODALITIES TO RELOCATE, HOLD AND TRANSFER FUNDS  The second area of focus relates to the modalities used by the LTTE to relocate, hold and transfer funds for the purpose of weapons procurement and other logistics support. There has been research published recently on the financial network of the LTTE international operations. This research has identified the financial network as the Aiyanna Group. It is the view of this study that there is insufficient data about operations of the Aiyanna Group to designate such as the financial network of the LTTE international operations. The Aiyanna Group is involved in intelligence work, and it is the view of this study that the Aiyanna Group is seeking a greater role in international procurement operations in what was earlier a more closed-group. In the post 2002 environment with the relaxation in travel restrictions to Kilinochchi, multiple channels of overseas linkages developed within the LTTE including the strengthening of external intelligence capabilities. While Aiyanna Group is believed to have close links with the  Page 10 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia intelligence units of the LTTE, the level of involvement in the financial transfer processes is unclear at this stage.  THE SANA GROUP  The LTTE operates a hub and spokes network for money transfer modalities. This study has identified one financial network known as the Sana Group. It is possible that there are parallel groups operating independently of each other, but this study has not found evidence on any other finance network of the LTTE. The group identified by this study has one Principal Controller and 08 trust-managers located in Europe, North America and South East Asia .  The leadership in Kilinochchi stipulates financial targets that each country representative and the finance unit need to achieve. The funds apportioned for procurement purposes are relocated to designated trust-managers and held in safe locations. These transfer take place using several mediums such as, bank transfers, human cash couriers and over invoicing import-export transactions. The trust-managers place the funds in multiple forms of investment to avoid detection by regulatory authorities. These managers regularly update the Principal Controller of the financial status and liquidity of assets. It is believed that the trust- managers do not have contact with each other, and it is the view of this study that the trust-managers are possibly unaware of the identity of the other managers. The most important role of the Sana Group is the Principal Controller. The Controller is the hub of the network and maintains an inconspicuous profile. In fact all research on the modus operandi of the Controller indicates that no funds are held by the Controller. He merely maintains is a multiplicity of records (financial portfolios) received from each trust-manager on the current availability of financial resources and the level of liquidity of assets. It is suspected that the Controller of the Sana Group is based in a European country. When the LTTE procurement teams have to meet financial commitments, the Controller is informed by Kilinochchi to make available sufficient appropriations. The Controller depending on asset distribution and liquidity will inform one or more trust-managers to transfer funds. The funds will be transferred to multiple locations in non-detectable blocks. At this point members of the procurement team would consolidate the multiple receipts, most often in a south east Asian country. The best example of this process is  Page 11 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    Terrorist Fundraising & Money Transfer Operations  Shanaka Jayasekara, Research Assistant, Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, Australia the evidence emerging out of the FBI sting operation in Guam. The LTTE sent a threeman team headed by Varatharasa to Guam Island on 26 September 2006. After inspecting a consignment of weapons presented by undercover FBI agents, the team consolidated the advance payment in Malaysia and transferred US   452,000 to a Baltimore bank account .  CONCLUSION  The LTTE has developed the most sophisticated infrastructure for fundraising and money transfer operations in comparison to any other terrorist group. The intent of the LTTE is to progress towards systems that have a stable income generation capability, giving the LTTE the advantage of stability in projected incomes and procurement planning. The ability of the LTTE international network to evade detection and maintain flow of funds reflects the sophistication and robust nature of the operation. Resource generation (fundraising) and financial management is a core component that determines the strengths and capabilities of a terrorist group. The competencies acquired by the LTTE in fundraising activity will definitely be replicated by other terrorist and criminal groups  Page 12 of 12 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    ",61);arrFiles[97]=new Array(98,"pdf/The Socio-Economic Cost of Terrorism_Saman Kelegama.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - Saman Kelegama.doc","","","Socio-Economic Cost of Terrorism  (Draft notes to facilitate the power point presentation) The power point presentation basically looks at the socio-economic cost of terrorism in Sri Lanka from a multi-dimensional perspective. First, the economic output loss is demonstrated by taking the agriculture sector as an example. How the economic output loss is reflected in the labour market and the social sector is then illustrated. Second, the damage and destruction to the physical and social infrastructure are examined and the approximate cost of this damage/destruction is indicated. Third, the human cost of the war in terms of deaths, women, children, internally displaced person, and others is examined. The cost incurred to the government to sustain the IDPs is also highlighted. The socio-economic cost of terror related war in Sri Lanka has been very high. Some points to note are as follows:  1. Impact on Economic Growth  Often it is claimed that Sri Lanka despite the conflict in the North and East, has achieved satisfactory economic growth. The average annual growth rate between 1983-2006 is about 4.5 per cent, while it was 4.4 per cent during 1961-1982 period, which is prior to the conflict period. The above figures show that the average annual conflict time growth rate is negligibly higher than the average annual pre-conflict time growth rate. It is evident that the conflict time GDP calculation is an over-estimation as the national income accounts of Sri Lanka since 1990 did not include the North and East in its calculations. Therefore, it has to be noted that, supposedly the negative growth rates of the conflict affected areas are added to the rest of the country figure, the overall rate would be much lower than the official figures. The cessation of hostilities, following the Cease­Fire Agreement (CFA) signed in February 2002, has stimulated economic recovery. Real GDP growth increased fourfold to 12.6 per cent in the Northern Province and doubled to 10.1 per cent in the Eastern province. Unemployment significantly dropped from 13 per cent to 9 per cent in the North and from 16 per cent to 10 per cent in the East during 2002­04, while economic growth and unemployment in the rest of the country remained relatively flat (World Bank, 2007). The point to note is that without a terror war much higher growth can be achieved in the war torn areas. This is however not an argument to support the CFA.  1    2. Defence Expenditure Reporting/Data Issues  The annual national budget estimates report the recurrent and capital expenditure of the Ministry of Defence, Public Security, Law and Order. However, the exact breakdown of the expenditure sub-components is not available. The Customs import data also does not report the entire imports of military hardware and other equipment. Although the unavailability of proper data on defence expenditure is a concern to the research community, due to high risk security threats this has become unavoidable. Despite less than perfect data it is clear that the conflict has severely affected the welfare, social, and economic conditions of people residing in the North and East.  Defence Expenditure Figure 1: Defence Expenditure: 1982-2006  Defense Expenditure: 1982-2006  25 20 % change 15 10 5 0 1982 1983 1985 1988 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006  Def en se Exp. as a % of total govt.Exp  Def en se budget as a % of GDP  Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Annual Reports, Various Issues.  Table 1: Defence Expenditure: 1982-2006  1982 Defence Exp. as a % of Total Govt. Exp Defence Budget as a % of GDP 3.1 1983 4.4 1985 10.2 1988 14.3 1990 14.6 1993 14.7 1994 15.2 1995 18.1 1996 21.6 1997 19.5 1998 21.3 1999 19.4 2000 22.9 2001 17.7 2002 11.6 2003 11 2004 11.8 2005 10.8 2006 15.6  1.1  1.4  3.5  4.8  4.5  4.2  4.4  5.4  6  5.7  6.3  5.4  6.8  5.4  3.3  2.9  3.1  3  4.5  Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Annual Reports, Various Issues.  2    Recurrent Expenditure on Defence Activities: 1988-2006 Figure 2: Recurrent Expenditure on Defence Activities: 1988-2006  80000 70000 60000 Rs.Mn 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0  Defence expenditure has become a large public expenditure item of the government in the recent years. Starting from early 1980s, defence expenditure has continuously increased and during the last two years it has shot-up to very high levels as the war situation has intensified since 2005. During the past decade, Sri Lanka \'s defence expenditure has far exceeded its social costs.  3. Human Cost of Conflict Table 2: Battlefield Casualties  Year 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Sri Lanka Armed ForcesBattlefield Casualties 1 0 0 21 173 198 201 326 474 676 1,133 1,332 LTTE Casualties (Inclusive of Child Soldiers) 451 363 372 961 1.614 788 925 375 1,505 1,376 2,106 1,798 Cont \'d ..........  19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06  3    1999 2000 2001 Total  1,812 2,041 3,755 12,143  1,545 1,980 759 13,393  Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal, Tamil Eelam Website.  Unofficial estimates place the total number of civilian casualties till 2005 at around 65,000. Though the official estimates put the Sri Lankan armed forces casualties prior to the ceasefire at around 12,000, independent estimates put this figure at around 25,000. The LTTE has lost about 14,000 cadres ­ 1.5 times its current strength. Almost 28 per cent of their casualties were women.  Table 3: Deaths since the Ceasefire Agreement  Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 (Up to October) Total Civilians 14 31 33 95 173 Security Forces 1 2 7 33 43 LTTE* NA 26 69 67 162 Total 15 59 109 195 378  Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal, Tamil Eelam Website. * The high numbers of insurgents killed, includes members of the Karuna faction and is mostly the result of fighting between Vanni and Eastern Tigers.  The ceasefire has brought down casualties on all sides. Some experts peg the figure of casualties to a high of 200 per year during the ceasefire, while some put it at around 50 per year. It has to be noted that there are no accurate statistics on war related information.  4    IDPs Sri Lanka is among the top 20 countries with IDPs where Nepal, Colombia, Iraq and Uganda have topped the list, while Sri Lanka is in 16th place in the world. Table 4: Top 20 Countries with IDPs  Country Nepal Colombia Iraq Uganda Dem. Rep. of the Congo Sudan Pakistan Syrian Arab Rep. Islamic Rep. of Iran United States Lebanon Côte d \'Ivoire Myanmar Azerbaijan Germany Sri Lanka Afghanistan Jordan United Rep. of Tanzania World Total No. of IDPs (persons) 3,640,043 3,000,267 2,181,189 2,169,028 1,814,990 1,622,222 1,047,141 1,007,425 969,492 967,721 772,853 738,985 728,000 691,988 668,226 559,242 527,710 519,486 485,679 32,861,285  Source: UNHCR, 2006 ASR. Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.  5    Table 5: Defence Expenditure as a percentage of GDP: 1991-2005  Country South Asia Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Conflict Ridden Cambodia Myanmar Philippines Sierra Leone Sudan Uganda [1.7] 3.2 1.3 2.1 [3.6] 2.6 [2] 3.4 1.3 3 [3.2] 1.6 [2.5] 3.5 1.4 3 [3.6] 1.8 [2.6] 3.5 1.4 2.9 2.8 1.9 [2.6] 3.7 1.4 2.9 [2.3] 2 [2.8] 3.5 1.4 2 1.3 2.1 2.9 2.7 1.2 (1.1) 1 1.9 3.1 2.3 1.2 NA 2.4 2.3 3.5 2.0 1.1 NA 4.1 2.4 3.4 2.1 1.1 [4.1] 4.8 2.1 3.8 1.7 1 2.4 2.9 2.1 3.6 1.2 1 1.7 3.2 2.1 [3.9] NA 1 1.8 2.3 2.1 [3.8] NA .9 1.2 .. 2.6 [3.7] NA .9 1 .. 2.3 1.0 3 0.9 5.8 2.8 1.1 2.8 0.9 6.1 3 1.2 2.9 0.9 5.7 3.1 1.4 2.8 0.9 5.3 4.4 1.4 2.7 0.8 5.3 5.3 1.4 2.6 0.8 5.1 6.0 1.4 2.7 0.8 4.9 5.7 1.0 2.8 0.8 4.8 6.3 1.4 3.1 0.9 3.9 5.4 1.4 3.1 0.9 3.7 6.8 1.3 3 1.1 3.9 5.4 1.2 2.9 1.5 3.9 3.3 1.2 2.8 1.6 3.7 2.9 2.6 1.8 3.6 3.1 2.8 2.1 3.5 3.0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005  Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, Stockholm. http://www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/mex_database1.html Note:  · · · · · · ·  Figures for India include expenditure on paramilitary forces from the Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Assam Rifles and Indo-Tibetan Border Police, but exclude spending for military nuclear activities. Figures for Nepal do not include expenditures on paramilitary forces, which in FY 1998/99 amounted to 3315 million rupees. Figures do not include spending on paramilitary forces. Since figures for Sri Lanka are for current expenditure only a special allocation in 2000 of 28 billion rupees for war-related expenditure is not fully reflected in the official figure. Figures are for current spending only. The figure for Colombia in 2002-2004 includes a special allocation of 2.6 billion pesos from a war tax decree of 12 Aug. 2002. Figures for Sierra Leone in 1998 and 1999 are not available due to the coup d \'état and subsequent civil war. Sudan changed its currency during the period. All figures have been converted to the most recent currency. Figures for Uganda are for current spending only.  6    Table 6: Top 20 Terrorist Group Activities: 1968-2007  Group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) Hamas Basque Fatherland and Freedom (ETA) Taliban Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-M) National Liberation Army (Colombia) Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) Al-Fatah Communist Party of India-Maoist Al-Qaeda Organization in the Land of the Two Rivers Anti-Castro Cubans Hezbollah Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale di a Corsica (FLNC) Shining Path Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) Other Groups Unknown Groups  Source: Terrorism Knowledge Base, www.tkb.org  Incidents 626 581 418 415 403 296 257 233 233 218 215 211 179 156 140 131 128 2073 21879  Injuries 1311 2906 593 806 381 242 1073 2768 1462 433 3764 49 1535 27 268 739 579 8814 55468  Fatalities 669 603 64 980 174 129 213 700 463 318 1888 87 836 1 140 189 106 3543 27438  Table 7: Terrorist Activities by Region: 1968-2007  Region Middle East / Persian Gulf Western Europe South Asia Latin America & the Caribbean Southeast Asia & Oceania Eastern Europe Africa North America East & Central Asia TOTAL Incidents 14358 5542 5110 3641 1753 1489 1094 588 242 33817 Injuries 55216 5671 23422 3953 5383 5134 9451 4344 5584 118158 Fatalities 27288 1441 8749 2342 1929 1999 3559 3568 253 51128  Source: Terrorism Knowledge Base, www.tkb.org  7    4. Impact on Foreign Direct Investment Table 8: Loss of Foreign Direct Investment  Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total Net FDI (  Mn.) 63.6 37.5 32.6 24.4 28.2 58.2 43.0 18.0 42.0 63.0 121.0 187.0 158.0 53.0 120.0 430.0** 193.0** 177.0 176.0 172.0 185.0 201.0 227.0 233.8 451.1 2,872.4 Expected Avg. Investment *(  Mn.) 63.6 70.1 77.2 85.1 93.1 103.3 113.8 125.4 138.2 152.3 167.8 184.9 203.7 224.4 247.2 272.4 300.1 330.3 363.3 366.0 420.9 484.0 556.6 613.3 675.4 6,432.4 Loss (  Mn.) 32.6 44.6 60.7 64.9 45.1 70.8 107.4 96.2 89.3 46.8 45.7 171.4 127.2 107.1 153.3 187.3 194 235.9 283 329.6 379.5 224.3 2,937.0  Source: Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, NPC; Annual Reports, Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Various issues. Note: On assumption of an average growth rate of 10.18% from 1982-2001 (according to Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, NPC study). From 2002-2004 (CFA period) growth is predicted at 15% while 2005-06 again its 10.18%  8    Figure 3: Loss of FDI: 1982-2006  800 700 600   Mn. 500 400 300 200 100 0 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005  Net FDI (  Mn.)  Expected Avg. Investment *(  Mn.)  Source: Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, NPC; Annual Reports, Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Various issues.  FDI flows to Sri Lanka have fluctuated widely during 1982- 2006 period, but overall remained at a very low level. The data shows that FDI has dipped in line with deterioration in the security situation since 1983. It declined during the unrest in the 1987-89 period and then with a pick-up in early 1990s, dropped sharply in 1995after the bombing of the Central Bank. Total cumulative FDI from 1982-2006 has been about   2.8 billion while the estimated potential is about   6.4 billion. Therefore, the unrealized FDI due to the war could be estimated as   3.5 billion.  5. Impact on Tourism Table 9: Loss of Tourism: 1983-2004  Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 Estimated Tourism Arrivals 431,664 457,564 485,017 514,118 Actual Tourist Arrivals 337,530 317,734 257,256 230,106 Loss of Tourist Arrivals 94,134 139,830 227,761 284,012 Earnings per Tourist ( ) 343.7 331.4 320.3 335.1 Loss of Earnings (  Mn.) 32.4 46.3 73.0 95.2 Cont \'d .............  9    1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 19992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1981 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total Loss  544,966 577,664 612,323 649,063 688,007 729,287 773,044 819,429 868,592 920,708 975,950 1,034,507 1,096,578 1,162,373 1,232,115 1,306,042 1,384,404 1,467,469  182,620 182,662 184,732 297,888 317,703 393,669 392,250 407,511 403,101 302,265 366,165 381,063 436,440 400,414 336,794 393,171 500,642 566,202  362,346 395,002 427,591 351,175 370,304 335,618 380,794 411,918 465,491 618,443 609,785 653,444 660,138 761,959 895,321 912,871 883,762 901,267  449.0 430.3 411.4 433.0 493.5 511.6 530.3 564.9 559.9 550.5 570.2 604.4 627.8 631.3 626.8 643.5 679.1 729.4  162.7 170.0 175.9 152.1 182.7 171.7 201.9 232.7 260.6 340.5 347.7 394.9 414.4 481.0 561.2 587.4 600.2 657.4 6,341.9  Source: Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, NPC; Cost of Conflict in Sri Lanka, Strategic Foresight Group. Note: The estimated tourist arrivals are calculated on the basis of 6% growth as given in the Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, NPC report by Marga Institute.  The tourism industry is a major contributor to the country \'s economy, and is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner and a major employment generator. The conflict has clearly affected the tourist arrivals to the country where it has lost about   6.5 billion in earnings. During the period 1975-1982, tourism grew at 22 per cent, reaching a peak of 407,000 tourist arrivals in 1982. After the violence in 1983, it steadily declined to a level between 182,000 and 192,000 during 1987-1990. It picked up again in 1994 reaching 407,000 arrivals but started declining to 366,000 in 1997. During theCFA a remarkable growth in arrival rates were seen.  10    The volatile nature of tourist arrivals to Sri Lanka is not only affected by the conflict in the North and East but also other internal conflicts like JVP insurrections that took place in late 1980s, which also affected the adverse trend.  6. Obstacles for Economic Activities in the North and East  The main obstacles include: (i) (ii) Lack of availability and access to financial services, Poor access and quality of economic infrastructure (roads, telecommunications, and water), (iii) Restrictions on the use of the A9 highway (iv) (v) (vi) Fishing restrictions Limits on mobility in certain areas such as Jaffna Out-migration of the educated to the rest of the country or abroad  (vii) Volatile security situation as some areas are still not cleared and fighting is on going  6.1 Labour Force Trends Table 10: Labour Force Statistics, 2002, (per cent)  Province Northern Male Female Eastern Male Female National excl. North and East Male Female Labour Force Participation 33.8 54.6 15.7 40.3 63.6 18.0 50.3 67.9 33.6 Unemployment Rate 13.0 6.9 31.5 15.9 9.3 38.0 8.8 6.6 12.9  Source: Labour Force Survey (LFS) 2002, Department of Census and Statistics.  11    Table 11: Labour Force Statistics, 2004 (per cent)  Labour Force Participation National North Jaffna Mullaitivu Killinochchi Mannar Vavuniya East Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee 41.4 46.1 38.1 10.6 11.5 8.4 36.2 36.3 40.3 39.3 38.0 9.7 11.3 8.5 ­ 11.1 48.6 Unemployment 8.3  Source: Department of Census and Statistics, Labour Force Survey 2004.  The Following indications may be noted. Labour force participation rates in the North and East both remain low. The labour force participation rate was 34 per cent in the North and 40 per cent in the East in 2002. The corresponding figures for 2004 varied around 36 to 46 per cent, respectively. In comparison, the corresponding National Labour Force participation rates were 50 per cent in 2002 and 49 per cent in 2004 (LFS 2002 and 2004).  6.2 Poor Economic Infrastructure  Due to years of inadequate maintenance, the quality of roads in the North and East is likely to be of poor condition and most of the information on the quality of roads is unavailable. Similar to some of the rural areas in the South, the North and East also suffer from a severe lack of economic infrastructure to support economic growth and reduce poverty. The inadequacy of the road network is reflected in the low accessibility potential in the region. Also no rail service is available in the North beyond Vavuniya.  12    Similarly, minimal power and telecommunications facilities in certain areas of the North and East deprive agricultural producers and fisherpersons access to information and markets. According to the CFSES 2003/04 only 64 per cent of total households in the North and East have power, while the average for the island is 73 per cent. This figure for the North is likely to be an overestimate because the CFSES could not cover the remote districts of Kilinochchi, Mannar, and Mullaitivu where estimates suggest that up to 90 per cent of the households may not have power. Similarly, only about 20 per cent of households in the North and 14 per cent in the East have either a land or cellular phone while, nationally about one-quarter of households have one or the other. Access to telecom in the North and East is better than in Uva (9 per cent) and Sabaragamuwa (13 per cent), but worse than in other provinces.  6.3 Gaps in Health Care Facilities  In terms of health outcomes, the conflict has clearly caused the North and East to lag behind on these dimensions. Hospitals and health clinics have been destroyed, there is minimum or no maintenance of these assets and there have been shortages in necessary human capital due to security fears. This is even more serious given that the child dependency ratio in the North and East is higher than in other provinces, 45 and 55 per cent, respectively, while the national average is about 40 per cent (CFSES, 2003­04).  Table 12: Selected Social Indicators  Indicator Low birth weight < 2.5 kg* Underweight 3­ 59 months* Access to safe drinking water ** No latrine** Sri Lanka North & East Ampara excluding N&E 18.0 29.4 (2000) 61.9 5.6 25.7 46.2 45.9 5.0 22.7 44.1 ­ 29.2 Batticaloa 24.3 53.2 ­ 7.3 Trincomalee 30.5 44.7 ­ 14.4 Jaffna 30.5 43.1 ­ 4.6 Kilinochchi Mannar N.A N.A ­ 2.7 12.7 38.3 ­ 3.4 Mullaitivu N.A N.A ­ 4.6 Vavuniya 38.8 50.6 ­ 1.0  Note: * 2001; ** 2003­04. Source: Department of Census and Statistics (2004), Poverty Statistics / Indicators for Sri Lanka, Colombo, pp 4 and 42; Central Bank of Sri Lanka (2005), CFSES 2003/04.  13    In terms of health outcomes, 46 per cent of children below five years of age in the North and East are underweight, compared to 29 per cent for the rest of the country. The percentage rate of babies born underweight in the country is 18 per cent, but the proportion is 26 per cent for the North and East. The figures are even worse in districts like Batticaloa and Vavuniya, where over one-half of the children are underweight. Access to safe drinking water and safe sanitary facilities are also inadequate. Nationally 62 per cent of households have access to safe drinking water, but only 46 per cent of those in the North and East have such access. About 80 per cent of households in Sri Lanka have access to water seal latrines, while less than one-half of households in the North and East have such access (the lowest two among all provinces).  Table 13: Health Expenditure North and East (including Killinochchi and Mullaitivu DPDHs division)  Rs. Mn.  Function Services of curative care (A7+A8) In-patient care Ambulatory care Services of rehabilitative care Ancillary services to medical care Medical goods dispensed to out-patients Preventive and public health service Health Programme administration and health insurance Capital formation of health care providers 2000 3,816 2,486 1,272 578 116 1,214 5,666  Source: National Health Accounts 2000-2004 MOH/IPS.  2001 3,841 2,561 1,281 582 116 1,281 5,821  2002 4,232 2,843 1,327 695 126 1,200 6,191  2003 4,626 3,017 1,609 804 201 1,207 6,838  2004 5,292 3,476 1,817 948 237 1,343 7,821  14    Table 14: Distribution of Health Personnel by District North Eastern Province, September 2002  District Category Medical Officers Curative Services1 Medical Officers Administrative and Preventive Services Medical Officers of Health Total Medical Officers Dental Surgeons2 Registered/ Assistant Medical Officers Nurses Public Health Nursing Sisters Public Health Inspectors Public Health Midwives Hospital Midwives Pharmacists Dispensers Medical Laboratory Technologists Radiographers Physiotherapists ECG Recordists EEG Recordists Supervising/ Dental Therapists Note: Jaffna Kilinochchi Mannar Vavuniya Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee 3 4 118 5 2 125 15 40 323 0 71 66 60 43 27 13 8 2 4 3 8 5 0 2 7 2 16 26 0 17 17 24 3 10 2 0 0 0 0 1 12 0 1 13 1 0 37 0 15 17 21 5 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 33 2 2 37 6 7 72 0 15 22 13 11 4 4 2 0 0 0 0 98 6 7 111 15 24 344 4 63 131 61 23 15 15 3 3 0 2 3 96 4 13 113 11 17 204 1 91 100 110 21 19 9 2 0 1 3 8 84 5 5 94 10 17 139 0 39 81 34 13 24 8 1 1 0 0 3  Includes 1 Specialists and Interns, 2 Regional Dental Surgeons and Consultant Dental Surgeons, 3 Mullaitivu District, 4 Kalmunai DPDHS Division.  Source: Annual Health Bulletin 2003.  15    6.4 Gaps in Education Sector Facilities  Serious access and quality issues in the education sector affect education outcomes. Eastern province has the lowest literacy rate in the country (87 per cent). A significantly larger share of population has no schooling, and a lower share of population has secondary or tertiary education, compared with the country averages. In contrast, literacy and education outcomes in the Northern Province are closer to those for the country as a whole; tertiary education attainment is much higher (28 per cent of the Northern population) than the average for the island (21 per cent). According to the Census of Schools undertaken in 2003 the repetition and drop out rates in the North and East were among the highest in the country after Sabaragamuwa and Uva provinces. At Grade One level, Sabaragamuwa province had the highest repetition rate (2.6 per cent) followed by Eastern (1.9 per cent), and Uva and Northern (1.8 per cent) provinces. Primary school (Grade 4) children in the North and East also have the poorest mastery of skills in their mother tongue, the English language, and mathematics against the national average.  7. South Asian Military Context  It is no coincidence that South Asia while being one of the most militarized regions of the world is also one of the poorest. Every rupee spent on weapons is a rupee taken away from a child \'s education or healthcare (Human Development in South Asia, 2005). According to Human Development in South Asia, 2005, regional military expenditure estimates have increased by 50 per cent in South Asia between 1995-2004. Within a decade military spending in the region has gone up from US  13.4 billion to US  20 billion. India and Pakistan feature amongst the 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2004, India ranking 11th with US  15.1 billion worth of military expenditure and Pakistan ranking 15th.  16    Figure 4: Trends in Military Expenditure as a Percentage of Total Central Government Expenditure in South Asia, 1988-2001  Sources: MHHDC Staff computations and World Bank 2005a.  The above graph shows that military expenditure in general has risen for all the countries in the region. According to the table below, Sri Lanka \'s defence expenditure is the third largest in the region in absolute terms. But in per capita terms Sri Lanka is ranked the highest country with US 36 per capita defence expenditure. 618 per cent increase in the number of armed forces personnel in Sri Lanka between 1985 and 2002 was the highest in South Asia (six times the second highest rise in Nepal). Military Holdings Index of Sri Lanka in 2002 at 2,074 was the largest in South Asia (taking 1985 as the base year); almost four times that of Nepal (the second largest).  17    Table 15: Military Development in South Asia  India Defence Expenditure 2002 (US  millions in 1999 prices) Defence Expenditure 1985-2002 (Annual % increase) Defence Expenditure per capita 2002 (US  in 1999 prices) Armed Forces Personnel (Percentage increase 1985-2002) Number of Soldiers per 1,000 Population 1998 Military Holdings Index 2002 (a) (1985=100)  Note:  Pakistan 3,180 2.5% 21.2 21.3% 4.5 162  Bangladesh 620 4.2% 4.3 50.5% 0.98 282  Nepal 90 8.6% 3.7 104% 2.0 560  Sri Lanka 680 7.0% 36.0 618.2% 6.1 2074  13,070 3.6% 12.4 (-) 4.4% 1.18 189  (a) Military Holdings Index is based on the aggregate number of heavy weapons a country has, such as combat aircraft, artillery, ships, and tanks. Source: Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre, Human Development in South Asia 2004, Oxford University Press, Karachi, pp257.  18    ",111);arrFiles[98]=new Array(99,"pdf/The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Movements_Chaliand.pdf","21 Oct 2007","Microsoft Word - chaliand.doc","","","The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts I am a specialist on conflict, and specifically on Guerrilla Warfare. In the last 10 years it is fashionable to talk about terrorism, but things are a lot more complicated than that. I am going to deceive those who believe that we are in an era which is lot more tragic and difficult than the Cold War. In fact, for me, the most important event of the last quarter of a century is not the 11th of September, 2001 it is the collapse of the Soviet Union. This brings a new era. It brings a new era, by the way, for a lot of movements which were helped until the collapse of the Soviet Union, by the Soviet Union and its allies. But to speak about a sort of a global war on terrorism, frankly for me, technically, is not serious. Technically speaking you cannot make war against a phenomenon which is by nature, covert. War is something that is among states, and war against an organization which has a location, which is at a certain place you can find, for instance, area or cities etc. etc. So lets try to have a sort of cool assessment on terrorism.  A COOL ASSESSMENT ON TERRORISM  The State Department has released, in April 2007, a report on World Terrorism for 2006. More then 14 600 attacks have been recorded. An increase of more than 6% on the previous year. That gives the frightening figure of 40 attacks a day! The public, in the West, and particularly in the US cannot be but impressed by such figures. Should we be very worried about the future or is maybe that the State Department is selling anxiety? There are two possible views on the terrorist phenomenon. One is to stress its tremendous importance as a threat to the security of world and to prepare ourselves to have to soon face WMD. The other is a cooler view trying to analyze if the given figure of terrorist attacks is not misleading. The fact is that this total should not include attacks that are part of ingoing insurgencies, such as the ones in Iraq, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kashmir, Israel and the Palestinian territories; among others. Why should they be put on equal footing with terrorists \' attacks like Madrid, London or Bali? Is it relevant to define Iraq as terrorism? A situation which requires the presence of 160 000 US soldiers can only be defined as a war, and to be more precise, a multi-faced insurrection using irregular warfare.  Page 1 of 8 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts Does it make sense to label terrorism an insurrection were frontal battles occur, as in Helmand, Afghanistan or when a CH-47 Chinook is reportedly shot down by a rocket? (June 2007). Can we count as part of world terrorism the Israeli July 2006 campaign against Hezbollah in Southern Lebanon? What is going on between the Tamil Tigers and the forces of Sri Lanka cannot be technically labeled terrorism when the insurgency uses, apart from terrorists attacks, guerrilla warfare and frontal battles when circumstances are favorable and even, on two occasions has bombed by air! International terrorism, these days, is jihadist terrorism. In fact, between September 12, 2001 and the end of September 2007, jihadists have carried out, in 6 years about, 40 major attacks. The countries which have been most targeted are, in order: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Indonesia, India, the Philippines, Turkey, Jordan, Algeria, Morocco. We should add the federation of Russia, when it is hit outside of Chechnya (Moscow, Beslan, etc.). They represent nine tenths of all attacks, while some other countries have been hit once: Kenya, Tunisia and Yemen. As far as Western countries are concerned, we have Madrid (2004) and London (2005). The total amount of deaths at the world level in those 6 years caused by jihadists is probably inferior to the number of victims of 9/11 alone. The apocalypse predicted some years ago by Osama Bin Laden has been rather modest until now. 9/11 was the zenith of classical terrorism and a case in itself. Of course, a good number of planned attacks have failed to be delivered due to international police action. It is worth remembering that terrorism which is, by its very nature, covert activity organized by groups or movements working underground are best dealt with intelligence and police action. Since the end of 2001, national polices, all over the world, have been very efficient. Democratic countries, like Britain, once extremely liberal have learned to tighten their rules after being hit. As for WMD, they have been one of the obsessions in the West, and particularly the US, since 1995, when the Japanese religious sect Aum Shirinko killed, with sarin gas, 12 people and wounded many in Tokyo \'s underground.  Page 2 of 8 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts With Japanese expertise, one of the best in the world, unlimited finances and no interference from the Japanese police who did not, at that time, watch the religious sects, the WMD of Tokyo has not fulfilled the expectations of its perpetrators. What is the aim of creating anxiety among the public and particularly in the US, by predicting the imminence of another attack of the magnitude of 9/11 or may be the use of WMD? Could it be that we are witnessing a political exploitation of fear? What do we exactly mean, anyhow, by mass destruction (what kind of weapon? What amount of destruction? May be the biggest threat is in the wording?) If these weapons are going to be used one day- and that may well happen- they will probably produce more mass panic than mass destruction. But let \'s not talk about the future. A cool assessment is first concerned about what has happened from 9/11 until today. What can be said about the terrorist phenomenon is that it is misleading to confuse insurrectional wars and random act of terrorism in a global count of terrorist attacks. It is also misleading to speak of a  war against terrorism . A war waged against Iraq, for instance, could not be said as being directed against global terrorism. Today \'s terrorism is jihadist. It is more relevant to speak about  al qaïdaism  than about al Qaïda which has become a prestigious model for would-be jihadist. Most of the members belonging to the original leadership have died or are in jail. Mohammad Atef, the former number two, has been killed in November 2001, during a US bombing on Kabul. Khaleed Cheikh Mohammad, Ramzi Ben al-Sheeb, Zin Abidin, Abu al Zubeidah who use to organize operations, logistics and recruitment have been arrested in Pakistan in 2002-2003. Most of the leaders or regional branches have been killed or arrested. That is the case of al Muqqrin in Saudi Arabia, head of  al Qaïda in the land of the holly places , of the Jordanian Abu Mussab al Zarqawi, who became leader of   al Qaïda in the land of the two rivers , whose violent inter-communal policy was criticized by Ayman al Zawahari. Abu Mussab al Zarqawi was killed in June 2006. Two are still active regionally: the Algerian leader Abdelmalek Droukdal, who, in January 2007, to regain some prestige for his weakened organizations choose to rename it  al Qaïda in the land of Maghrib , and the Malaysian Nurredin Top, one of the organizer of the deadly attack on Bali (October 2002) which killed 202 and wounded many more. Nurredine Top is believed to be in Indonesia, in close connection with militants of the Jemaah Islamiyah. Al Qaïda, as an organization is, today, much less important than the Taliban in Pakistan were its leadership is supposed to be, somewhere around the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Their training camps are very remote; few volunteers are able to join them  Page 3 of 8 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts from foreign countries. The man who has been speaking for al Qaïda in the last two years and a half is Ayman al Zawahari, among his close followers, the Libyan Abu Leith and some less well-known cadres. To be sure, Bin Laden has been able to create a dynamic which cannot disappear with him. A new generation that could be called the  cyber-jihad generation  has started to act, despite the fact they lack the training and sophistication of those who were called the  Afghans . But if a cool assessment has to be made about International Jihadism, one should point that it \'s a stronger movement on Internet than in reality. What makes jihadists so specific is not religion, they are not a spiritual but a political movement. In their case, there is nothing with which to negotiate. That makes them specific. Ideologically, jihadists are still on the march. Armed forces alone cannot win this struggle. The real battle is ideological. But it seems improbable that the US will be able to discredit jihadist ideology. That is the task of Muslim societies themselves. Consequently, jihadist terrorism is going to be active for a generation, or may be two. But it will never be able to shake the world \'s status quo. Terrorism, as we all know, is the weapon of the weak, paradoxically, it shows, by his very existence, the stability of the world order. Nevertheless, as terrorism is, above all, a psychological tool and is fought also in the minds and the wills, then jihadism should not, on those grounds, be underestimated but taken very seriously. Jihadist terrorism is a very costly nuisance, not a global threat, except on Internet. To communicate virtually does not transform small autonomous groups into a cohesive organization. A common ideology may unite but hardly coordinates. Anyhow, the fact is that in almost two decades, no group has been able to generate a mass Jihad. It failed in Algeria, did not succeed in Bosnia and  al Qaïdaism  in Iraq is marginal. The overall situation in South East Asia is stable. But, as the conference is held in Sri Lanka, there are locally more serious concerns than al Qaïda, for instance, counter insurgency. The political aims of the jihadists, some of them utopian, such as restoring the caliphate, are mobilizing young frustrated militants who have the conviction of sharing an epic struggle. However, they are not contributing to solving the crisis of most of the Muslim countries which is economic growth and social reforms. Societies like Japan have modernized without loosing their soul. While China and India are growing economically at a quick pace, the jihadists are, with their attacks contributing to the lack of reforms and development of most of a Muslim world which is already late in adapting to the challenges of the day.  Page 4 of 8 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts But was it called terrorism since 1968, with the first highjacking of an Israeli plane by the Popular Front of Liberation of Palestine (FPLP) and the so-called urban guerrilla of Carlos Marighella in Brazil and the Tupamaros in Uruguay does not fall in the same category as jihadist terrorism whose aim is global or tries to be. Other movements and groups using terrorism are nationally oriented. In the last 40 years they can be divided into 2 types: -those who have been or are class-oriented like, for instance, the Red Brigades in Italy or the Red Army Fraction, better known under the label of the Baader-Meinhof or the Shining Path movement in Peru. -those who steam from ethnic and/or religious grievances. I am not going to name them all because this second type is, by far, the most numerous. Why they are so numerous today, since the end of the colonial period is a question worth rising. The right of self-determination has essentially been the right of the countries colonized by western powers to become independent. To this principle, there have been two exceptions: Bangladesh in 1971 because of India \'s intervention and Eritrea which became independent after the collapse of the Soviet Union which was supporting the Ethiopian Marxist regime of M. Mengistu.  Elsewhere, minorities, whether ethnic or religious, if they felt discriminated or oppressed, had no international institution to address their grievances. The organizations of the United Nations represent only States and Human Rights as individual rights. Minorities, as a collective body, have only the rights which are granted by the State to which they belong. Interventions by the United Nations to stop mass killings, organized by a State, have been very few in the recent past and we might as well remember that the genocide in Rwanda occurred, among other reasons, only after the United Nations decided to withdraw its troops because there were too few to control the situation. So the only way left to minorities whose grievances were not taken into account, was most of the time to take arms, and this is going to be the case in the future. This, of course does not mean that States should consider as legitimate the program and the aims of subversive movements. Grievances might be legitimate. On the other hand, what is asked by the fighting movement can be unacceptable.  Page 5 of 8 | International Conference on Countering Terrorism | 18th - 20th October 2007 | Colombo Sri Lanka    The Threat Posed by International Terrorist Networks  Dr. Gerard Chaliand, Former Director, European Center for the Study of Conflicts To be sure, most of the  Marxist-Leninist  movements of the last 35 years -with, may be, the exception of Nepal \'s Maoists- have failed. The outcome of the ethnic/religious movements is much more complex. In Europe, for instance, the IRA which has used terrorism as its sole technique, has finally, after more than three decades, got a compromise which has brought them more than what they had at the beginning of their struggle. On the other hand, the small number of Basques terrorists still fighting for an independence that they will not achieve, are today cut from the very large majority of the Basques who are satisfied with local autonomy. They have tried with little success to find a sanctuary and sympathizer